Branched-chain amino acid requirements in healthy adult human subjects

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 136, Issue 1, 2006, Pages

  Kurpad, Anura V ^a   Regan, Meredith M ^b   Raj, Tony ^a   Gnanou, Justin V ^a  

^a ST JOHN'S NATIONAL ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (India)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

BCAA requirement; Direct amino acid balance; Direct amino acid oxidation; Indicator amino acid balance; Indicator amino acid oxidation

Indexed keywords

BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; ISOLEUCINE; LEUCINE; NITROGEN; PHENYLALANINE; PROTEIN; VALINE;

AMINO ACID ANALYSIS; AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIETARY INTAKE; HUMAN; NITROGEN BALANCE; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; OXIDATION;

EID: 31544467254     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: 15416100     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.1.256s     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (55)

1. Young VR, Borgonha S. Nitrogen and amino acid requirements; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology amino acid requirement pattern. J Nutr. 2000;130:1841S-9S.
2. World Health Organization (1985) FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. Energy and protein requirements. Geneva: WHO. [WHO Technical Report No 724, 264 pages].
3. Young VR, Marchini JS. Mechanisms and nutritional significance of metabolic responses to altered adaptation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51:270-89.
4. Young VR, Bier DM, Pellett PL. A theoretical basis for increasing current estimates of the amino acid requirements in adult men with experimental support. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:80-92.
5. Meguid MM, Matthews DE, Bier DM, Meredith CN, Soeldner JS, Young VR. Leucine kinetics at graded leucine intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;43:770-80.
6. Meguid MM, Matthews DE, Bier DM, Meredith CN, Young VR. Valine kinetics at graded valine intakes in young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;43:781-6.
7. 15N]urea. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:1000-11.
8. El-Khoury AE, Fukagawa NK, Sanchez M, Tsay RH, Gleason RE, Chapman TE, Young VR. The 24h pattern and rate of leucine oxidation, with particular reference to tracer estimates of leucine requirements in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:1012-20.
9. Kurpad AV, Raj T, El-Khoury AE, Kuriyan R, Maruthy K, Borgohna S, Chandukudlu D, Regan MM, Young VR. The daily requirement for, and splanchnic uptake of, leucine in healthy adult Indian subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:747-55.
10. 13C]phenylalanine. J Nutr. 2003;133:1383-9.
11. Working Groups FAO. http://www.fao.org/es/ESN/nutrition/groups.htm (accessed: 22 July 2005) .
12. Rose WC, Eades CH, Jr, Coon MJ. The amino acid requirements of man. XII. The leucine and isoleucine requirements. J Biol Chem. 1955;216:225-34.
13. Leverton RM, Ellison J, Johnson N, Pazar J, Schmidt F, Geschwerder D. The quantitative amino acid requirements of young women. I. Leucine. J. Nutr. 1956;58:355-65.
14. Hegsted DM. Variation in requirements of nutrients - amino acids. Fed Proc. 1963;22:1424-30.
15. Millward DJ. Metabolic demands for amino acids and the human dietary requirement: Millward and Rivers (1988) revisited. J Nutr. 1998;128:2563S-76S.
16. Young VR. McCollum Award Lecture. Kinetics of human amino acid metabolism: nutritional implications and some lessons. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;46:709-25.
17. Kurpad AV, Regan MM, Raj T, Varalakshmi S, Gnanou J, Thankachan P, Young VR. Leucine requirement and splanchnic uptake of leucine in chronically undernourished adult Indian subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:861-7.
18. Riazi R, Rafii M, Wykes LJ, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Valine is the first limiting branched chain amino acid in egg protein. J Nutr. 2003;133:3533-9.
19. 13C leucine infusion in man: a method for measuring human intracellular tracer enrichment. Metabolism. 1982;31:1105-12.
20. Harris RA, Kobayashi R, Murakami T, Shimomura Y. Regulation of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase expression in rat liver. J Nutr. 2001;131:841S-5S.
21. Shimomura Y, Obayashi M, Murakami T, Harris RA. Regulation of branched-chain amino acid metabolism: nutritional and hormonal regulation of activity and expression of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001;5:419-23.
22. 13C-leucine is retained in fasting healthy adult men. J Nutr. 2002;132:1906-8.
23. Pencharz PB, Ball RO. Different approaches to define individual amino acid requirements. Annu Rev Nutr. 2003;23:101-16.
24. Zello GA, Wykes LJ, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Recent advances in methods of assessing dietary amino acid requirements for adult humans. J Nutr. 1995;125:2907-15.
25. 13C-leucine kinetics, of lysine requirements of adult men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:58-66.
26. Kurpad AV, Raj T, El-Khoury AE, Beaumier L, Kuriyan R, Srivatsa A, Borgonha S, Selvaraj A, Regan MM, Young VR. Lysine requirements of healthy adult Indian subjects, measured by an indicator amino acid balance technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:900-7.
27. Kurpad AV, Regan MM, Raj T, El-Khoury AE, Kuriyan R, Vaz M, Chandukudlu D, Venkataswamy VG, Borgohna S, Young VR. Lysine requirements of healthy adult Indian subjects receiving long-term feeding, measured with a 24-h indicator amino acid oxidation and balance technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:404-12.
28. Kurpad AV, Raj T, Regan MM, Vasudevan J, Caszo B, Nazareth D, Young VR. Threonine requirements of healthy Indian adults, measured by a 24-h indicator amino acid oxidation and balance technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:789-97.
29. Kurpad AV, Regan MM, Varalakshmi S, Vasudevan J, Gnanou J, Raj T, Young VR. Daily methionine requirements of healthy Indian men, measured by a 24-h indicator amino acid oxidation and balance technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:1198-205.
30. El-Khoury AE, Sanchez M, Fukagawa NK, Gleason RE, Tsay RH, Young VR. The 24-h kinetics of leucine oxidation in healthy adults receiving a generous leucine intake via three discrete meals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62:579-90.
31. Kurpad AV, Regan MM, Raj T, Vasudevan J, Kuriyan R, Gnanou J, Young VR. Lysine requirement of chronically undernourished adult Indian subjects, measured by the 24-h indicator amino acid oxidation and balance technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:101-8.
32. Marchini JS, Cortiella J, Hiramatsu T, Chapman TE, Young VR. Requirements for indispensable amino acids in adult humans: longer term amino acid kinetic study with support for the adequacy of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology amino acid requirement pattern. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;58:670-83.
33. Cortiella J, Matthews DE, Hoerr RA, Bier DM, Young VR. Leucine kinetics at graded intakes in young men: quantitative fate of dietary leucine. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:998-1009.
34. Hiramatsu T, Cortiella J, Marchini JS, Chapman TE, Young VR. Source and amount of dietary nonspecific nitrogen in relation to whole body leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine kinetics in young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:1347-55.
35. Young VR, Gucalp C, Rand WM, Matthews DE, Bier DM. Leucine kinetics during three weeks at submaintenance-maintenance intakes of leucine in men: adaptation and accommodation. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1987;41:1-18.
36. Motil KJ, Bier DM, Matthews DE, Burke JF, Young VR. Whole body leucine and lysine metabolism: response to dietary protein intake in young men. Am J Physiol. 1981;240:E712-21.
37. Pelletier V, Marks L, Wagner DA, Hoerr RA, Young VR. Branched chain amino acid interactions with reference to amino acid requirements in adult men: leucine metabolism at different valine and isoleucine intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54:402-7.
38. Rose WC, Wixom RL, Lockhart HB, Lambert GF. The amino acid requirements of man. XV. The valine requirement; summary and final observations. J Biol Chem. 1955;217:987-95.
39. Leverton RM, Gram MR, Brodovsky E, Chaloupka M, Mitchell A, Johnson N. The quantitative amino acid requirements of young women. II. Valine. J. Nutr. 1956;58:83-93.
40. Kurpad AV, Regan MM, Raj T, Gnanou J, Rao V, Young VR. The daily valine requirement of healthy adult Indians determined by the 24-h indicator amino acid balance approach. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:373-9.
41. Widdowson EM, Southgate DAT, Hey EN. Body composition of the fetus and infant. In: Visser HKA, editor. Nutrition and metabolism of the fetus and infant. London: Nijhoff; 1979. p. 169-77.
42. Borgonha S, Regan MM, Oh SH, Condon M, Young VR. Threonine requirement of healthy adults, derived with a 24-h indicator amino acid balance technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:698-704.
43. 2] tyrosine oral-tracer studies at an intermediate phenylalanine intake to estimate requirements in adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:473-88.
44. Moehn S, Bertolo RFP, Pencharz PB, Ball RO. Indicator amino acid oxidation responds rapidly to changes in lysine or protein intake in growing and adult pigs. J Nutr. 2004;134:836-41.
45. Pelletier V, Marks L, Wagner DA, Hoerr RA, Young VR. Branched-chain amino acid interactions with reference to amino acid requirements in adult men: valine metabolism at different leucine intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54:395-401.
46. Swendseid ME, Dunn MS. Amino acid requirements of young women based on nitrogen balance data. II. Studies on isoleucine and on minimum amounts of the eight essential amino acids fed simultaneously. J Nutr. 1956;58:507-17.
47. Christensen HN. Interorgan amino acid nutrition. Physiol Rev. 1982;62:1193-233.
48. Collarini EJ, Oxender DL. Mechanism of transport of amino acids. Annu Rev Nutr. 1987;7:75-90.
49. Harper AE, Miller RH, Block KP. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr. 1984;4:409-54.
50. Block KP. Interactions among leucine, isoleucine and valine with special reference to branched-chain amino acid antagonism. In: Friedman M, editor. Absorption and utilization of amino acids. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1989. p. 229-44.
51. Block KP, Harper AE. Valine metabolism in vivo: effects of high dietary levels of leucine and isoleucine. Metabolism. 1984;33:559-66.
52. Swendseid ME, Villaldobos J, Figueroa WS, Drenick EJ. The effects of test doses of leucine, isoleucine or valine on plasma amino acid levels. The unique role of leucine. Am J Clin Nutr. 1965;17:317-21.
53. Eriksson S, Hagenfeldt L, Wahren J. A comparison of the effects of intravenous infusion of individual branched-chain amino acids on blood amino acid levels in man. Clin Sci. 1981;60:95-100.
54. Pelletier V, Marks L, Wagner DA, Hoerr RA, Young VR. Branched-chain amino acid interactions with reference to amino acid requirements in adult men: leucine metabolism at different valine and isoleucine intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54:402-7.
55. Schwenk WF, Haymond MW. Effects of leucine, isoleucine, or threonine infusion on leucine metabolism in humans. Am J Physiol. 1987;253:E428-34.