Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of multidose sublingual triazolam in healthy volunteers

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 4-8

  Jackson, Douglass L ^a   Milgrom, Peter ^a   Heacox, Gail A ^a   Kharasch, Evan D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TRIAZOLAM;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BISPECTRAL INDEX; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFECT; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; FEMALE; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OBSERVER ASSESSMENT OF ALERTNESS SEDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; SCORING SYSTEM; SEDATION; STANDARDIZATION; TIME; VOLUNTEER;

ADMINISTRATION, SUBLINGUAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS; BEHAVIOR; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; DENTAL ANXIETY; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; TRIAZOLAM;

EID: 31544457865     PISSN: 02710749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.jcp.0000186742.07148.da     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Smith TA, Heaton LJ. Fear of dental care: are we making any progress. JADA. 2003;134:1101-1108.
2. Gordon SM, Dionne RA, Snyder J. Dental fear and anxiety as a barrier to accessing oral health care among patients with special health care needs. Spec Care Dent. 1998;18:88-92.
3. Milgrom P, Weinstein P, Getz T. Treating Fearful Dental Patients. 2nd ed. Seattle, Wash: University of Washington Continuing Dental Education; 1995.
4. Young ER, Mason D. Triazolam an oral sedative for the dental practice. J Can Dent Assoc. 1988;54:511-514.
5. Bixler EO, Kales A, Manfredi RL, et al. Triazolam and memory loss. Lancet. 1991;338:1391-1392.
6. Weingartner HJ, Hommer D, Lister RG, et al. Selective effects of triazolam on memory. Psychopharmacology. 1992;106:341-345.
7. Berthold CW, Schneider A, Dionne RA. Using triazolam to reduce dental anxiety. JADA. 1993;124:58-64.
8. Stopperich PS, Moore PA, Finder RL, et al. Oral triazolam pretreatment for intravenous sedation. Anesth Prog. 1993;40:117-121.
9. Milgrom P, Quarnstrom FC, Longley A, et al. The efficacy and memory effects of oral triazolam premedication in highly anxious dental patients. Anesth Prog. 1994;41:70-76.
10. Matear DW, Clarke D. Considerations for the use of oral sedation in the institutionalized geriatric patient during dental interventions: a review of the literature. Spec Care Dent. 1999;19:56-63.
11. Raadal M, Kaako T, Coldwell SE, et al. A randomized clinical trial of triazolam in 3- to 5-year-olds. J Dent Res. 1999;78:1197-1203.
12. Tweedy CM, Milgrom P, Kharasch ED, et al. Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of sublingual triazolam in pediatric dental patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001;21:268-272.
13. Jackson DL, Johnson BS. Inhalational and enteral conscious sedation for the adult dental patient. Dent Clin North Am. 2002;46:781-802.
14. Scavone JM, Greenblatt DJ, Friedman H, et al. Enhanced bioavailability of triazolam following sublingual versus oral administration. J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;26:208-210.
15. Berthold CW, Dionne RA, Corey SE. Comparison of sublingually and orally administered triazolam for premedication before oral surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endo. 1997;84:119-124.
16. Chernik DA, Gillings D, Laine H, et al. Validity and reliability of the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale: study with intravenous midazolam. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990;10:244-251.
17. Liu J, Singh H, White PF. Electroencephalogram bispectral analysis predicts the depth of midazolam-induced sedation. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:64-69.
18. Rosow C, Manberg PJ. Bispectral index monitoring. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2001;19:947-966.
19. Glass PS, Bloom M, Kearse L, et al. Bispectral analysis measures sedation and memory effects of propofol, midazolam, isoflurane, and alfentanil in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 1997;86:836-847.
20. Sandler NA, Sparks BS. The use of bispectral analysis in patients undergoing intravenous sedation for third molar extractions. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58:364-368.
21. Karl HW, Milgrom P, Domoto P, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral triazolam in children. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;17:169-172.
22. Smith RB, Kroboth PD, Phillips JP. Temporal variation in triazolam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after oral administration. J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;26:120-124.
23. Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, et al. Inhibition of triazolam clearance by macrolide antimicrobial agents: in vitro correlates and dynamic consequences. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998;64:278-285.
24. Milgrom P, Weinstein P, Fiset L, et al. The anxiolytic effects of intravenous sedation using midazolam alone or in multiple drug techniques. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994;52:219-224.
25. American Dental Association Positions and Statements: ADA statement on dental anesthesia (March 2004). Available at: http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/ positions/statements/anes.asp. Accessed May 2005.
26. Coldwell SE, Awamura K, Milgrom P, et al. Side effects of triazolam in children. Pediatr Dent. 1999;21:18-25.