메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 150, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 4-18

Lactic acid buffering, nonmetabolic CO2 and exercise hyperventilation: A critical reappraisal

Author keywords

Acid base balance; Bicarbonate; Buffers; Exercise test; Lactate; Ventilatory threshold

Indexed keywords

BICARBONATE; CARBON DIOXIDE; HYDROGEN; LACTIC ACID;

EID: 31544438543     PISSN: 15699048     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.04.005     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (95)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0024402717 scopus 로고
    • A review of blood lactate and ventilatory methods of detecting transition thresholds
    • G.S. Anderson, and E.C. Rhodes A review of blood lactate and ventilatory methods of detecting transition thresholds Sports Med. 8 1989 43 55
    • (1989) Sports Med. , vol.8 , pp. 43-55
    • Anderson, G.S.1    Rhodes, E.C.2
  • 5
    • 0030682126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation between lactate and proton exchange in muscle during intense exercise in man
    • J. Bangsbo, C. Juel, Y. Hellsten, and B. Saltin Dissociation between lactate and proton exchange in muscle during intense exercise in man J. Physiol. 504 Pt. 2 1997 489 499
    • (1997) J. Physiol. , vol.504 , Issue.2 PART , pp. 489-499
    • Bangsbo, J.1    Juel, C.2    Hellsten, Y.3    Saltin, B.4
  • 6
    • 0022210997 scopus 로고
    • Bicarbonate buffering of lactic acid generated during exercise
    • W.L. Beaver, K. Wasserman, and B.J. Whipp Bicarbonate buffering of lactic acid generated during exercise J. Appl. Physiol. 60 1986 472 478
    • (1986) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.60 , pp. 472-478
    • Beaver, W.L.1    Wasserman, K.2    Whipp, B.J.3
  • 7
    • 0022542458 scopus 로고
    • A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange
    • W.L. Beaver, K. Wasserman, and B.J. Whipp A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange J. Appl. Physiol. 60 1986 2020 2027
    • (1986) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.60 , pp. 2020-2027
    • Beaver, W.L.1    Wasserman, K.2    Whipp, B.J.3
  • 8
    • 85047682693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) in heart and muscle
    • A. Bonen The expression of lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) in heart and muscle Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 86 2001 6 11
    • (2001) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.86 , pp. 6-11
    • Bonen, A.1
  • 10
    • 0014556937 scopus 로고
    • 2 washout during hyperventilation in man
    • 2 washout during hyperventilation in man Respir. Physiol. 7 1969 163 172
    • (1969) Respir. Physiol. , vol.7 , pp. 163-172
    • Brandi, G.1    Clode, M.2
  • 12
    • 0023574682 scopus 로고
    • Mediation of reduced ventilatory response to exercise after endurance training
    • R. Casaburi, T.W. Storer, and K. Wasserman Mediation of reduced ventilatory response to exercise after endurance training J. Appl. Physiol. 63 1987 1533 1538
    • (1987) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.63 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Casaburi, R.1    Storer, T.W.2    Wasserman, K.3
  • 14
    • 0025964922 scopus 로고
    • Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease
    • R. Casaburi, A. Patessio, F. Ioli, S. Zanaboni, C.F. Donner, and K. Wasserman Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 143 1991 9 18
    • (1991) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.143 , pp. 9-18
    • Casaburi, R.1    Patessio, A.2    Ioli, F.3    Zanaboni, S.4    Donner, C.F.5    Wasserman, K.6
  • 15
    • 0345099540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acid-base balance at exercise in normoxia and in chronic hypoxia: Revisiting the "lactate paradox"
    • P. Cerretelli, and M. Samaja Acid-base balance at exercise in normoxia and in chronic hypoxia: revisiting the "lactate paradox" Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 90 2003 431 448
    • (2003) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. , vol.90 , pp. 431-448
    • Cerretelli, P.1    Samaja, M.2
  • 16
    • 0029862870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors which alter the relationship between ventilation and carbon dioxide production during exercise in normal subjects
    • A.L. Clark, M. Volterrani, M. Piepoli, and A.J. Coats Factors which alter the relationship between ventilation and carbon dioxide production during exercise in normal subjects Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 73 1996 144 148
    • (1996) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. , vol.73 , pp. 144-148
    • Clark, A.L.1    Volterrani, M.2    Piepoli, M.3    Coats, A.J.4
  • 17
    • 0017688608 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of gas exchange and ventilation in transitions from rest or prior exercise
    • L.B. Diamond, R. Casaburi, K. Wasserman, and B.J. Whipp Kinetics of gas exchange and ventilation in transitions from rest or prior exercise J. Appl. Physiol. 43 1977 704 708
    • (1977) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.43 , pp. 704-708
    • Diamond, L.B.1    Casaburi, R.2    Wasserman, K.3    Whipp, B.J.4
  • 18
    • 0034222897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise hyperpnea: Where do we go from here?
    • H.V. Forster Exercise hyperpnea: where do we go from here? Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 28 2000 133 137
    • (2000) Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. , vol.28 , pp. 133-137
    • Forster, H.V.1
  • 22
    • 0002491051 scopus 로고
    • Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilisation of oxygen
    • A.V. Hill, C.N.H. Long, and H. Lupton Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilisation of oxygen Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. 96 1924 438 475
    • (1924) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. , vol.96 , pp. 438-475
    • Hill, A.V.1    Long, C.N.H.2    Lupton, H.3
  • 23
    • 0036560693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood lactate changes during isocapnic buffering in sprinters and long distance runners
    • K. Hirakoba, and T. Yunoki Blood lactate changes during isocapnic buffering in sprinters and long distance runners J. Physiol. Anthropol. Appl. Hum. Sci. 21 2002 143 149
    • (2002) J. Physiol. Anthropol. Appl. Hum. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 143-149
    • Hirakoba, K.1    Yunoki, T.2
  • 27
    • 0018358313 scopus 로고
    • Body carbon dioxide storage capacity in exercise
    • N.L. Jones, and J.E. Jurkowski Body carbon dioxide storage capacity in exercise J. Appl. Physiol. 46 1979 811 815
    • (1979) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.46 , pp. 811-815
    • Jones, N.L.1    Jurkowski, J.E.2
  • 28
    • 0344086180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate transport in skeletal muscle: Role and regulation of the monocarboxylate transporter
    • C. Juel, and A.P. Halestrap Lactate transport in skeletal muscle: role and regulation of the monocarboxylate transporter J. Physiol. 517 Pt. 3 1999 633 642
    • (1999) J. Physiol. , vol.517 , Issue.3 PART , pp. 633-642
    • Juel, C.1    Halestrap, A.P.2
  • 29
    • 0033799713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + exchanger isoform NHE1 in rat skeletal muscle and effect of training
    • + exchanger isoform NHE1 in rat skeletal muscle and effect of training Acta Physiol. Scand. 170 2000 59 63
    • (2000) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.170 , pp. 59-63
    • Juel, C.1
  • 33
    • 0017238495 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular bicarbonate of skeletal muscle under different metabolic states
    • R.N. Khuri, S.K. Agulian, and K.K. Bogharian Intracellular bicarbonate of skeletal muscle under different metabolic states Am. J. Physiol. 230 1976 228 232
    • (1976) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.230 , pp. 228-232
    • Khuri, R.N.1    Agulian, S.K.2    Bogharian, K.K.3
  • 35
    • 0025107397 scopus 로고
    • Post-competition blood lactate concentrations as indicators of anaerobic energy expenditure during 400-m and 800-m races
    • J.R. Lacour, E. Bouvat, and J.C. Barthélémy Post-competition blood lactate concentrations as indicators of anaerobic energy expenditure during 400-m and 800-m races Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 61 1990 172 176
    • (1990) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. , vol.61 , pp. 172-176
    • Lacour, J.R.1    Bouvat, E.2    Barthélémy, J.C.3
  • 36
    • 0027425849 scopus 로고
    • Determination of human skeletal muscle buffer value by homogenate technique: Methods of measurement
    • A.F. Mannion, P.M. Jakeman, and P.L. Willan Determination of human skeletal muscle buffer value by homogenate technique: methods of measurement J. Appl. Physiol. 75 1993 1412 1418
    • (1993) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.75 , pp. 1412-1418
    • Mannion, A.F.1    Jakeman, P.M.2    Willan, P.L.3
  • 38
    • 0023914768 scopus 로고
    • Breath holding during intense exercise: Arterial blood gases, pH, and lactate
    • G.O. Matheson, and D.C. McKenzie Breath holding during intense exercise: arterial blood gases, pH, and lactate J. Appl. Physiol. 64 1988 1947 1952
    • (1988) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.64 , pp. 1947-1952
    • Matheson, G.O.1    McKenzie, D.C.2
  • 40
    • 0030757127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced pulmonary and active skeletal muscle gas exchange during intense exercise after sprint training in men
    • M.J. McKenna, G.J. Heigenhauser, R.S. McKelvie, G. Obminski, J.D. MacDougall, and N.L. Jones Enhanced pulmonary and active skeletal muscle gas exchange during intense exercise after sprint training in men J. Physiol. 501 Pt. 3 1997 703 716
    • (1997) J. Physiol. , vol.501 , Issue.3 PART , pp. 703-716
    • McKenna, M.J.1    Heigenhauser, G.J.2    McKelvie, R.S.3    Obminski, G.4    MacDougall, J.D.5    Jones, N.L.6
  • 41
    • 0021944275 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory and plasma lactate response with different exercise protocols: A comparison of methods
    • T.M. McLellan Ventilatory and plasma lactate response with different exercise protocols: a comparison of methods Int. J. Sports Med. 6 1985 30 35
    • (1985) Int. J. Sports Med. , vol.6 , pp. 30-35
    • McLellan, T.M.1
  • 42
    • 0021965892 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base and electrolyte balance after exhausting exercise in endurance-trained and sprint-trained subjects
    • J.I. Medbo, and O.M. Sejersted Acid-base and electrolyte balance after exhausting exercise in endurance-trained and sprint-trained subjects Acta Physiol. Scand. 125 1985 97 109
    • (1985) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.125 , pp. 97-109
    • Medbo, J.I.1    Sejersted, O.M.2
  • 43
    • 0009585132 scopus 로고
    • Continuous measurement of ventilatory exchange ratio during exercise
    • A. Naimark, K. Wasserman, and M.B. McIlroy Continuous measurement of ventilatory exchange ratio during exercise J. Appl. Physiol. 19 1964 644 652
    • (1964) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.19 , pp. 644-652
    • Naimark, A.1    Wasserman, K.2    McIlroy, M.B.3
  • 44
    • 0036089768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuated hepatosplanchnic uptake of lactate during intense exercise in humans
    • H.B. Nielsen, J.O. Clemmesen, C. Skak, P. Ott, and N.H. Secher Attenuated hepatosplanchnic uptake of lactate during intense exercise in humans J. Appl. Physiol. 92 2002 1677 1683
    • (2002) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.92 , pp. 1677-1683
    • Nielsen, H.B.1    Clemmesen, J.O.2    Skak, C.3    Ott, P.4    Secher, N.H.5
  • 45
    • 0015262566 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base balance after maximal exercise of short duration
    • J.B. Osnes, and L. Hermansen Acid-base balance after maximal exercise of short duration J. Appl. Physiol. 32 1972 59 63
    • (1972) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.32 , pp. 59-63
    • Osnes, J.B.1    Hermansen, L.2
  • 47
    • 0032854924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 stores on pulmonary gas exchange dynamics during incremental exercise in humans
    • 2 stores on pulmonary gas exchange dynamics during incremental exercise in humans Exp. Physiol. 84 1999 999 1011
    • (1999) Exp. Physiol. , vol.84 , pp. 999-1011
    • Ozcelik, O.1    Ward, S.A.2    Whipp, B.J.3
  • 48
    • 0021170760 scopus 로고
    • Possible contribution of skeletal muscle buffers to enhanced anaerobic performance: A brief review
    • W.S. Parkhouse, and D.C. McKenzie Possible contribution of skeletal muscle buffers to enhanced anaerobic performance: a brief review Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 16 1984 328 338
    • (1984) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , vol.16 , pp. 328-338
    • Parkhouse, W.S.1    McKenzie, D.C.2
  • 49
    • 0026538872 scopus 로고
    • Potassium and ventilation in exercise
    • D.J. Paterson Potassium and ventilation in exercise J. Appl. Physiol. 72 1992 811 820
    • (1992) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.72 , pp. 811-820
    • Paterson, D.J.1
  • 50
    • 0026723374 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory and metabolic changes as a result of exercise training in COPD patients
    • A. Patessio, M. Carone, F. Ioli, and C.F. Donner Ventilatory and metabolic changes as a result of exercise training in COPD patients Chest 101 1992 274S 278S
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101
    • Patessio, A.1    Carone, M.2    Ioli, F.3    Donner, C.F.4
  • 51
    • 0028094674 scopus 로고
    • Selection criteria for exercise training in patients with COPD
    • A. Patessio, and C.F. Donner Selection criteria for exercise training in patients with COPD Z. Kardiol. 83 Suppl. 3 1994 155 158
    • (1994) Z. Kardiol. , vol.83 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 155-158
    • Patessio, A.1    Donner, C.F.2
  • 52
    • 0042828989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of prolonged submaximal exercise on gas exchange kinetics and ventilation during heavy exercise in humans
    • S. Perrey, R. Candau, J.D. Rouillon, and R.L. Hughson The effect of prolonged submaximal exercise on gas exchange kinetics and ventilation during heavy exercise in humans Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 89 2003 587 594
    • (2003) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. , vol.89 , pp. 587-594
    • Perrey, S.1    Candau, R.2    Rouillon, J.D.3    Hughson, R.L.4
  • 53
    • 0022030341 scopus 로고
    • Control of ventilation during submaximal exercise: A brief review
    • S.K. Powers, and R.E. Beadle Control of ventilation during submaximal exercise: a brief review J. Sports Sci. 3 1985 51 65
    • (1985) J. Sports Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 51-65
    • Powers, S.K.1    Beadle, R.E.2
  • 55
    • 0036141398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory and gas exchange responses during heavy constant work-rate exercise
    • M.S. Riley, and C.B. Cooper Ventilatory and gas exchange responses during heavy constant work-rate exercise Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34 2002 98 104
    • (2002) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , vol.34 , pp. 98-104
    • Riley, M.S.1    Cooper, C.B.2
  • 58
    • 0017042973 scopus 로고
    • Lactate content and pH in muscle obtained after dynamic exercise
    • K. Sahlin, R.C. Harris, B. Nylind, and E. Hultman Lactate content and pH in muscle obtained after dynamic exercise Pflugers Arch. 367 1976 143 149
    • (1976) Pflugers Arch. , vol.367 , pp. 143-149
    • Sahlin, K.1    Harris, R.C.2    Nylind, B.3    Hultman, E.4
  • 59
    • 0017832295 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular pH and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of man: With special reference to exercise
    • K. Sahlin Intracellular pH and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of man: with special reference to exercise Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 455 1978 1 56
    • (1978) Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. , vol.455 , pp. 1-56
    • Sahlin, K.1
  • 60
    • 0018227184 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration in human muscle during recovery from exercise
    • K. Sahlin, A. Alvestrand, R. Brandt, and E. Hultman Intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration in human muscle during recovery from exercise J. Appl. Physiol. 45 1978 474 480
    • (1978) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.45 , pp. 474-480
    • Sahlin, K.1    Alvestrand, A.2    Brandt, R.3    Hultman, E.4
  • 61
    • 0020740364 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical analysis of "metabolic indices" of blood buffer system
    • T. Sato, N. Ikeda, H. Tsuruta, and M. Shirataka Theoretical analysis of "metabolic indices" of blood buffer system Am. J. Physiol. 244 1983 492 499
    • (1983) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.244 , pp. 492-499
    • Sato, T.1    Ikeda, N.2    Tsuruta, H.3    Shirataka, M.4
  • 62
    • 0031594217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • V̇E and V̇CO2 remain tightly coupled during incremental cycling performed after a bout of high-intensity exercise
    • D.A. Schneider, and J.P. Berwick V ̇ E and V ̇ C O 2 remain tightly coupled during incremental cycling performed after a bout of high-intensity exercise Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 77 1998 72 76
    • (1998) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. , vol.77 , pp. 72-76
    • Schneider, D.A.1    Berwick, J.P.2
  • 63
    • 0007563030 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between acid-base status and electrolyte balance after maximal work of short duration
    • O.M. Sejersted, J.I. Medbo, A. Orheim, and L. Hermansen Relationship between acid-base status and electrolyte balance after maximal work of short duration Med. Sport Sci. 17 1984 40 55 (Karger, Basel)
    • (1984) Med. Sport Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 40-55
    • Sejersted, O.M.1    Medbo, J.I.2    Orheim, A.3    Hermansen, L.4
  • 64
    • 0025980092 scopus 로고
    • Effects of controlled frequency breathing during exercise on blood gases and acid-base balance
    • R.L. Sharp, D.J. Williams, and L. Bevan Effects of controlled frequency breathing during exercise on blood gases and acid-base balance Int. J. Sports Med. 12 1991 62 65
    • (1991) Int. J. Sports Med. , vol.12 , pp. 62-65
    • Sharp, R.L.1    Williams, D.J.2    Bevan, L.3
  • 67
    • 0023260575 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and pH during electrical stimulation in men
    • L.L. Spriet, K. Soderlund, M. Bergstrom, and E. Hultman Skeletal muscle glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and pH during electrical stimulation in men J. Appl. Physiol. 62 1987 616 621
    • (1987) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.62 , pp. 616-621
    • Spriet, L.L.1    Soderlund, K.2    Bergstrom, M.3    Hultman, E.4
  • 68
    • 0026581020 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation during exercise and recovery in humans
    • W. Stringer, R. Casaburi, and K. Wasserman Acid-base regulation during exercise and recovery in humans J. Appl. Physiol. 72 1992 954 961
    • (1992) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.72 , pp. 954-961
    • Stringer, W.1    Casaburi, R.2    Wasserman, K.3
  • 69
    • 0035055950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide pressure-concentration relationship in arterial and mixed venous blood during exercise
    • X.G. Sun, J.E. Hansen, W.W. Stringer, H. Ting, and K. Wasserman Carbon dioxide pressure-concentration relationship in arterial and mixed venous blood during exercise J. Appl. Physiol. 90 2001 1798 1810
    • (2001) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.90 , pp. 1798-1810
    • Sun, X.G.1    Hansen, J.E.2    Stringer, W.W.3    Ting, H.4    Wasserman, K.5
  • 71
    • 0033200017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo ATP synthesis rates in single human muscles during high intensity exercise
    • G. Walter, K. Vandenborne, M. Elliott, and J.S. Leigh In vivo ATP synthesis rates in single human muscles during high intensity exercise J. Physiol. 519 Pt. 3 1999 901 910
    • (1999) J. Physiol. , vol.519 , Issue.3 PART , pp. 901-910
    • Walter, G.1    Vandenborne, K.2    Elliott, M.3    Leigh, J.S.4
  • 73
    • 0020658463 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of ventilation to pulmonary gas exchange during nonsteady-state work in men
    • D.H. Wasserman, and B.J. Whipp Coupling of ventilation to pulmonary gas exchange during nonsteady-state work in men J. Appl. Physiol. 54 1983 587 593
    • (1983) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.54 , pp. 587-593
    • Wasserman, D.H.1    Whipp, B.J.2
  • 74
    • 50549194892 scopus 로고
    • Detecting the threshold of anaerobic metabolism in cardiac patients during exercise
    • K. Wasserman, and M.B. McIlroy Detecting the threshold of anaerobic metabolism in cardiac patients during exercise Am. J. Cardiol. 14 1964 844 852
    • (1964) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.14 , pp. 844-852
    • Wasserman, K.1    McIlroy, M.B.2
  • 76
    • 0016593346 scopus 로고
    • Exercise physiology in health and disease
    • K. Wasserman, and B.J. Whipp Exercise physiology in health and disease Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 112 1975 219 249
    • (1975) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.112 , pp. 219-249
    • Wasserman, K.1    Whipp, B.J.2
  • 77
    • 0016724560 scopus 로고
    • Effect of carotid body resection on ventilatory and acid-base control during exercise
    • K. Wasserman, B.J. Whipp, S.N. Koyal, and M.G. Cleary Effect of carotid body resection on ventilatory and acid-base control during exercise J. Appl. Physiol. 39 1975 354 358
    • (1975) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.39 , pp. 354-358
    • Wasserman, K.1    Whipp, B.J.2    Koyal, S.N.3    Cleary, M.G.4
  • 80
    • 0001195049 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of ventilation to metabolism during exercise
    • P. Cerretelli B.J. Whipp Elsevier Amsterdam
    • K. Wasserman, B.J. Whipp, R. Casaburi, and A. Oren Coupling of ventilation to metabolism during exercise P. Cerretelli B.J. Whipp Exercise Bioenergetics and Gas Exchange 1980 Elsevier Amsterdam 159 173
    • (1980) Exercise Bioenergetics and Gas Exchange , pp. 159-173
    • Wasserman, K.1    Whipp, B.J.2    Casaburi, R.3    Oren, A.4
  • 81
    • 0020324245 scopus 로고
    • Dyspnea on exertion. Is it the heart or the lungs?
    • K. Wasserman Dyspnea on exertion. Is it the heart or the lungs? JAMA 248 1982 2039 2043
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.248 , pp. 2039-2043
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 82
    • 0021362958 scopus 로고
    • The anaerobic threshold measurement to evaluate exercise performance
    • K. Wasserman The anaerobic threshold measurement to evaluate exercise performance Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 129 1984 35 40
    • (1984) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.129 , pp. 35-40
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 83
    • 0021361677 scopus 로고
    • The anaerobic threshold measurement in exercise testing
    • K. Wasserman The anaerobic threshold measurement in exercise testing Clin. Chest Med. 5 1984 77 88
    • (1984) Clin. Chest Med. , vol.5 , pp. 77-88
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 84
    • 0022872566 scopus 로고
    • Anaerobiosis, lactate, and gas exchange during exercise: The issues
    • K. Wasserman Anaerobiosis, lactate, and gas exchange during exercise: the issues Fed. Proc. 45 1986 2904 2909
    • (1986) Fed. Proc. , vol.45 , pp. 2904-2909
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 85
    • 0022924009 scopus 로고
    • The anaerobic threshold: Definition, physiological significance and identification
    • K. Wasserman The anaerobic threshold: definition, physiological significance and identification Adv. Cardiol. 35 1986 1 23
    • (1986) Adv. Cardiol. , vol.35 , pp. 1-23
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 86
    • 0022570789 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and patterns of blood lactate increase during exercise in man
    • K. Wasserman, W.L. Beaver, and B.J. Whipp Mechanisms and patterns of blood lactate increase during exercise in man Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 18 1986 344 352
    • (1986) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , vol.18 , pp. 344-352
    • Wasserman, K.1    Beaver, W.L.2    Whipp, B.J.3
  • 88
    • 0023484482 scopus 로고
    • Determinants and detection of anaerobic threshold and consequences of exercise above it
    • K. Wasserman Determinants and detection of anaerobic threshold and consequences of exercise above it Circulation 76 1987 29 39
    • (1987) Circulation , vol.76 , pp. 29-39
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 89
    • 0024095850 scopus 로고
    • The Dickinson W.s Richards lecture: New concepts in assessing cardiovascular function
    • K. Wasserman The Dickinson W.s Richards lecture: new concepts in assessing cardiovascular function Circulation 78 1988 1060 1071
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.78 , pp. 1060-1071
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 90
    • 0023688806 scopus 로고
    • Assessing cardiac function by gas exchange
    • K. Wasserman, and K.E. Sietsema Assessing cardiac function by gas exchange Cardiology 75 1988 307 310
    • (1988) Cardiology , vol.75 , pp. 307-310
    • Wasserman, K.1    Sietsema, K.E.2
  • 91
    • 0025067386 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange theory and the lactic acidosis (anaerobic) threshold.
    • K. Wasserman, W.L. Beaver, and B.J. Whipp Gas exchange theory and the lactic acidosis (anaerobic) threshold. Circulation 81 1990 14 30
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 14-30
    • Wasserman, K.1    Beaver, W.L.2    Whipp, B.J.3
  • 92
    • 0009717303 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation during exercise in humans
    • B.J. Whipp K. Wasserman Marcel Dekker Inc. NY, Basel
    • K. Wasserman, and R. Casaburi Acid-base regulation during exercise in humans B.J. Whipp K. Wasserman Exercise Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology 1991 Marcel Dekker Inc. NY, Basel 405 448 (Chapter 13)
    • (1991) Exercise Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology , pp. 405-448
    • Wasserman, K.1    Casaburi, R.2
  • 93
    • 0028348470 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of external to cellular respiration during exercise: The wisdom of the body revisited
    • K. Wasserman Coupling of external to cellular respiration during exercise: the wisdom of the body revisited Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 266 1994 519 539
    • (1994) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.266 , pp. 519-539
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 94
    • 0028111101 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the anaerobic threshold by gas exchange: Biochemical considerations, methodology and physiological effects
    • K. Wasserman, W.W. Stringer, R. Casaburi, A. Koike, and C.B. Cooper Determination of the anaerobic threshold by gas exchange: biochemical considerations, methodology and physiological effects Z. Kardiol. 83 Suppl. 3 1994 1 12
    • (1994) Z. Kardiol. , vol.83 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 1-12
    • Wasserman, K.1    Stringer, W.W.2    Casaburi, R.3    Koike, A.4    Cooper, C.B.5
  • 95
    • 0030846012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing cardiovascular and lung pathophysiology from exercise gas exchange
    • K. Wasserman Diagnosing cardiovascular and lung pathophysiology from exercise gas exchange Chest 112 1997 1091 1101
    • (1997) Chest , vol.112 , pp. 1091-1101
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 97
    • 33750892326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaerobic threshold and cardiovascular function
    • K. Wasserman Anaerobic threshold and cardiovascular function Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 58 2002 1 5
    • (2002) Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. , vol.58 , pp. 1-5
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 98
    • 0036644571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial disorders and exertional intolerance: Controversy continues
    • K. Wasserman Mitochondrial disorders and exertional intolerance: controversy continues Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166 2002 118
    • (2002) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.166 , pp. 118
    • Wasserman, K.1
  • 100
    • 0034792225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of ventilation of thresholds in trained cyclists during ramp cycle exercise
    • S.B. Weston, and T.J. Gabbett Reproducibility of ventilation of thresholds in trained cyclists during ramp cycle exercise J. Sci. Med. Sport 4 2001 357 366
    • (2001) J. Sci. Med. Sport , vol.4 , pp. 357-366
    • Weston, S.B.1    Gabbett, T.J.2
  • 101
    • 0020650242 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory control during exercise in humans
    • B.J. Whipp Ventilatory control during exercise in humans Annu. Rev. Physiol. 45 1983 393 413
    • (1983) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.45 , pp. 393-413
    • Whipp, B.J.1
  • 102
    • 0021323731 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory responses to exercise and their control in man
    • B.J. Whipp, S.A. Ward, and K. Wasserman Ventilatory responses to exercise and their control in man Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 129 1984 17 20
    • (1984) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.129 , pp. 17-20
    • Whipp, B.J.1    Ward, S.A.2    Wasserman, K.3
  • 103
    • 0001554611 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of ventilation to pulmonary gas exchange during exercise
    • B.J. Whipp K. Wasserman Marcel Dekker Inc. NY, Basel
    • B.J. Whipp, and S.A. Ward Coupling of ventilation to pulmonary gas exchange during exercise B.J. Whipp K. Wasserman Exercise: Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology 1991 Marcel Dekker Inc. NY, Basel 271 307 (Chapter 10)
    • (1991) Exercise: Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology , pp. 271-307
    • Whipp, B.J.1    Ward, S.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.