Calculus fragmentation in laser lithotripsy

Minerva Urologica e Nefrologica

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 49-63

  Welch, A J ^a   Kang, H W ^a   Lee, H ^b   Teichman, J M H ^c  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Frammentazione dei calcoli nella litotripsia laser; Lasers; Lithotripsy; Urinary calculi

Indexed keywords

ENERGY; FRAGMENTATION REACTION; HUMAN; LASER LITHOTRIPSY; LIGHT; MECHANICAL STRESS; MELTING POINT; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; STONE ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UROLITHIASIS; VAPORIZATION;

BIOPHYSICS; FORECASTING; HUMANS; LITHOTRIPSY; LITHOTRIPSY, LASER; URINARY CALCULI;

EID: 3142751896     PISSN: 03932249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Hofstetter A. Lasers in urology. Lasers Surg Med 1986;6:412-4.
2. Dretler SP. Laser lithotripsy: a review of 20 years of research and clinical applications. Lasers Surg Med 1988;8:341-56.
3. Bhatta KM. Lasers in urology. Lasers Surg Med 1995;16:312-30.
4. Vogel A. Nonlinear absorption: intraocular microsurgery and laser lithotripsy. Phys Med Bio 1997;42:895-912.
5. Wollin TA, Denstedt JD. The holmium laser in urology. J Clin Lasers Med & Surg 1998;16:13-20.
6. Chan KF, Pfefer TJ, Teichman JMH, Welch AJ. A perspective on laser lithotripsy: the fragmentation processes. J Urol 2001;15:257-73.
7. Watson GM, Jacques SL, Dretler SP, Parrish JA. Tunable pulsed dye laser for fragmentation of urinary calculi. Lasers Surg Med 1985;5:160.
8. Watson GM, Murray S, Dretler SP, Parrish JA. The pulsed dye laser for fragmenting urinary calculi. J Urol 1987;138:195-8.
9. Dretler S, Watson G, Murray S, Parish J. Laser fragmentation of ureteral calculi: clinical experience. Lasers Surg and Med 1986;6:191.
10. Nishioka NS, Levins PC, Murray SC, Parrish JA, Anderson RR. Fragmentation of biliary calculi with tunable dye lasers. Gastroenterology 1987;93:250-5.
11. Dretler SP, Watson G, Parrish JA, Murray S. Pulsed dye laser fragmentation of ureteral calculi: initial clinical experience. J Urol 1987;137:386-9.
12. Teng P, Nishioka NS, Farinelli WA, Anderson RR, Deutsch TF. Microsecond-long flash photography of laser-induced ablation of biliary and urinary calculi. Lasers Surg Med 1987;7:394-7.
13. Nishioka NS, Kelsey PB, Kibbi A, Delmonico F, Parrish JA, Anderson RR. Laser lithotripsy: animal studies of safety and efficacy. Lasers Surg Med 1988;8:357-62.
14. Bhatta KM, Nishioka NS. Effect of pulse duration on microsecond-domain laser lithotripsy. Lasers Surg Med 1989;9:454-7.
15. Watson G. The pulsed dye laser for urinary calculi in 600 patients. Proc SPIE 1990;1200:66.
16. Dretler SP. An evaluation of ureteral laser lithotripsy: 225 consecutive patients. J Urol 1990;143:267-72.
17. Vandeursen H, Pittomvils G, Boving R, Baert L. High energy pulsed dye laser lithotripsy: management of ureteral calcium oxalate monohydrate calculi. J Urol 1991;145:1146-50.
18. Dretler SP, Bhatta KM. Clinical experience with high power (140mJ), large fiber (320 micron) pulsed dye laser lithotripsy. J Urol 1991;146:1228-31.
19. Birkett DH, Lamont JS, O'Keane JC, Babayan RK. Comparison of a pulsed dye laser and electrohydraulic lithotripsy on porcine gallbladder and common bile duct in vitro. Lasers Surg Med 1992;12:210-4.
20. Watson G, Smith N. A comparison of the pulsed dye and holmium lasers for stone fragmentation: in vitro studies and clinical experience. Proc SPIE 1993;1879:139-42.
21. Teng P, Nishioka NS, Anderson RR, Deutsch TF. Optical studies of pulsed-laser fragmentation of biliary calculi. Appl Phys B 1987;42:73-8.
22. Lo EY, Petschek H, Rosen DI. A hydrodynamic model for the laser-induced fragmentation of calculi. Lasers Life Sci 1990;3:233-44.
23. Rink K, Delacretaz G, Salathe RP. Influence of the pulse duration on laser-induced mechanical effects. Proc SPIE 1994;2077:181-94.
24. Rink K, Delacretaz G, Salathe RP. Fragmentation process of current laser lithotriptors. Lasers Surg Med 1995;16:134-46.
25. Schmidt-Kloiber H, Reichel E, Schoffmann H. Laser-induced Shock-Wave Lithotripsy (LISL). Biomedizinische Technik 1985;30:173-81.
26. Schafer SA, Durville FM, Jasssemnejad B, Bartels KE, Powell RC. Mechanisms of biliary stone fragmentation using the Ho:YAG laser. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1994;41:276-83.
27. Vassar GJ, Teichman JM, Glickman RD. Holmium:YAG lithotripsy efficiency varies with energy density. J Urol 1998;160:471-6.
28. Vassar GJ, Teichman JMH, Glickman RD, Weintraub SE, Chan KF, Pfefer TJ et al. Holmium: YAG lithotripsy: photothermal mechanism. J Endourol 1999;13:181-9.
29. Chan KF, Vassar GJ, Pfefer TJ, Teichman JMH, Glickman RD, Weintraub ST et al. Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy: a dominant photothermal ablative mechanism with chemical decomposition of urinary calculi. Lasers Surg Med 1999;25:22-37.
30. Beghuin D, Delacretaz GP, Schmidlin FR, Rink K. Fragmentation process during Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy revealed by time-resolved imaging. Proc SPIE 1997;3195:220-4.
31. Schmidlin FR, Beghuin D, Delacretaz GP, Venzi G, Jichlinski P, Rink K et al. Laser lithotripsy with the Ho:YAG laser: fragmentation process revealed by time-resolved imaging. Proc SPIE 1998;3245:123-6.
32. Grasso M, Conlin M, Bagley D. Retrograde ureteropyeloscopic treatment of 2 cm or greater upper urinary tract and minor staghorn calculi. J Urol 1998;160:346-51.
33. Sofer M, Watterson JD, Wollin TA, Nott L, Razvi H, Denstedt JD. Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi in 598 patients. J Urol 2002;167:31-4.
34. Teichman JMH. Acute colic from ureteral calculus. N Engl J Med 2004;350:684-93.
35. Teichman JMH, Vassar GJ, Bishoff JT, Bellman GC. Holmium:YAG lithotripsy yields smaller fragments than lithoclast, pulsed dye laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy. J Urol 1998;159:17-23.
36. Teichman JMH, Vassar GJ, Glickman RD. Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lithotripsy efficiency varies with stone composition. Urology 1998;52:392-7.
37. Welch AJ, van Gemert MJC. Optical-thermal response of laser-irradiated tissue. New York: Plenum Press; 1995.
38. Niemz MH. Laser-tissue interactions. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1996.
39. Baurele D. Laser processing and chemistry. Berlin: Springer; 2000.
40. Miller JC. Laser ablation: principles and applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1994.
41. Rastegar D. Laser ablation of biological tissue (Doctoral dissertation). Austin: The University of Texas at Austin; 1987.
42. Jansen ED. Pulsed laser ablation of biological tissue: influence of laser parameters and tissue properties on thermal and mechanical damage (Doctoral dissertation). Austin: The University of Texas at Austin; 1994.
43. Chan KF. Pulsed infrared laser ablation and clinical applications (Doctoral dissertation). Austin: The University of Texas at Austin; 2000.
44. Boulnois J. Photophysical processes in recent medical laser development: a review. Lasers Med Sci 1986;1:47-66.
45. Jacques SL. Laser-tissue interactions: photochemical, photothermal, and photomechanical. Lasers Gen Surg 1992;72:531-58.
46. Jacques SL. Role of tissue optics and pulse duration on tissue effects during high-power laser irradiation. Appl Opt 1993;32:2447-54.
47. Ross EV, Domankevitz Y, Skrobal M, Anderson RR. Effects of CO2 laser pulse duration in ablation and residual thermal damage: Implications for skin resurfacing. Lasers Surg Med 1996;19:123-9.
48. Peavy GM, Reinisch L, Payne JT, Venugopalan V. Comparison of cortical bone ablations by using infrared laser wavelengths 2.9 to 9.2 mm. Lasers Surg Med 1999;25:421-34.
49. Gong H, Li C, Li Z. CW-laser-induced thermal and mechanical damage in optical materials. Proc SPIE 1998;3578:576-83.
50. Pfefer TJ, Choi B, Vargas G, McNally KM, Welch AJ. Pulsed laser-induced thermal damage in whole blood. ASME J Biomech Eng 2000;122:196-202.
51. Jansen ED, Tuong LE, Welch AJ. Excimer, Ho:YAG, and Q-switched Ho:YAG ablation of aorta: a comparison of temperatures and tissue damage in vitro. Appl Opt 1993;32:526-34.
52. Watson G, Wickham JEA, Mills TN, Bown SG, Swain P, Salmon PR. Laser fragmentation of renal calculi. Br J Urol 1983;55:613-6.
53. Mulvaney WP, Beck CW. The laser beam in urology. J Urol 1968;99:112-5.
54. Vogel A, Schweiger P, Frieser A, Asiyo MN, R B. Intraocular Nd:YAG laser surgery: light-tissue interaction, damage range, and reduction of collateral effects. IEEE J Quant Electron 1990;26:2240-60.
55. Esnaliev RO, Oraevsky AA, Letokhov VS, Karabutov AA, Malinsky TV. Studies of acoustical and shock waves in the pulsed laser ablation of biotissue. Lasers Surg Med 1993;13:470-84.
56. Paltauf G, Schmidt-Kloiber H. Model study to investigate the contribution of spallation to pulsed laser ablation of tissue. Laser Surg Med 1995;16:277-87.
57. Cummings JP, Walsh JT Jr. Tissue tearing caused by pulsed laser-induced ablation pressure. Appl Opt 1993;32:494-503.
58. Majaron B, Plestenjak P, Lukac M. Thermo-mechanical laser ablation of soft biological tissue: modeling the micro-explosions. Appl Phys B 1999;69:71-80.
59. Jansen ED, Asshauer T, Frenz M, Motamedi M, Delacretaz G, Welch AJ. Effect of pulse duration on bubble formation and laser-induced pressure waves during holmium laser ablation. Lasers Surg Med 1996;18:278-93.
60. Rink K, Delacretaz G, Salathe RP. Fragmentation process induced by microsecond laser pulses during lithotripsy. Appl Phys Lett 1992;61:258-60.
61. Rink K, Delacretaz G, Salathe RP. Fragmentation process induced by nanosecond laser pulses. Appl Phys Lett 1992;61:2644-6.
62. Fradin DW, Bloembergen N, Letellier JP. Dependence of laser-induced breakdown field strength on pulse duration. Appl Phys Lett 1973;22:635-7.
63. Puliafito C, Steinert R. Short-pulsed Nd:YAG laser microsurgery of the eye: Biophysical considerations. IEEE J Quant Electron 1984;QE20:1442-8.
64. Dunina TA, Egerev SV, Lyamshev LM, Naugol'nykh KA, Pashin AE. Hydrodynamic effects in the optical breakdown of a liquid. Sov Phys Acoust 1982;28:116-21.
65. Griffin RD, Justus BL, Campillo AJ, Goldberg LS. Interferometric studies of the pressure of a confined laser-heated plasma. J Appl Phys 1986;59:1968-71.
66. Doukas AG, Zweig AD, Frisoli JK, Birngruber R, Deutsch TF. Noninvasive determination of shock wave pressure generated by optical breakdown. Appl Phys B 1991;53:237-45.
67. Itzkan I, Albagli D, Dark ML, Perelman LT, von Rosenberg C, Feld MS. The thermoelastic basis of short pulsed laser ablation of biological tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:1960-4.
68. Frenz M. IR-lasers in medicine - basics and applications (Habilitationsschrift). Bern: Universitat Bern; 1998.
69. Vogel A, Hentschel W, Holzfuss J, Lauterborn W. Cavitation bubble dynamics and acoustic transient generation in ocular surgery with pulsed neodymium:YAG lasers. Ophthalmology 1986;93:1259-69.
70. Teng P, Nishioka NS, Anderson RR, Deutsch TF. Acoustic studies of the role of immersion in plasma-mediated laser ablation. IEEE J Quant Electron 1987; 23:1845-52.
71. Teng P, Nishioka SS, Anderson RR, Deutsch TF. Optical studies of pulsed-laser fragmentation of biliary calculi. Appl Phys B 1987;42:73-8.
72. Teichman JMH, Johnson AJ, Yates JT, Angle BN, Dirks MS, Muirhead JT et al. Color vision deficits during laser lithotripsy using safety goggles for coumarin green or alexandrite but not with holmium:YAG laser safety goggles. J Urol 1998;159:683-9.
73. Jiang ZX, Whitehurst C, King TA. Fragmentation methods in laser lithotripsy. Proc SPIE 1991;1421:88-99.
74. Sayer J, Johnson DE, Price RE, Cromeens DM. Endoscopic laser fragmentation of ureteral calculi using the Holmium:YAG. Proc SPIE 1993;1879:143-8.
75. Dushinski JW, Lingeman JE. Urologic applications of the holmium laser. Tech Urol 1997;3:60-4.
76. White MD, Moran ME, Calvano CJ, Borhan-Manesh A, Mehlhaff BA. Evaluation of retropulsion caused by holmium:YAG laser with various power setting and fibers. J Endourol 1998;12:183-6.
77. van Swol CFP, Verdaasdonk RM, Zeijlemaker BYW, Grimbergen MCM, Boon TA. Optimization of the dosimetry and safety using the Holmium laser for urology. Proc SPIE 1998;3245:110-6.
78. Zhong P, Tong HL, Cocks FH, Pearle MS, Preminger GM. Transient cavitation and acoustic emission produced by different laser lithotripters. J Endourol 1998;12:371-8.
79. Dushinski JW, Lingeman JE. High-speed photographic evaluation of Holmium laser. J Endourol 1998;12:177-81.
80. Isner JM. "Blood," in Cardiovascular laser therapy. Isner JM and Clarke R, eds. New York: Raven Press; 1989.
81. Lee H, Ryan RT, Teichman JMH, Kim J, Choi B, Arakeri NV et al. Stone retropulsion during holmium:YAG lithotripsy. J Urol 2003;169:881-5.
82. Teichman JMH, Rao RD, Rogenes VJ, Harris JM. Ureteroscopic management of ureteral calculi: electrohydraulic versus holmium:YAG lithotripsy. J Urol 1997;158:1357-61.
83. Koort HJ, Tischer C, Rasch R, Thiede C. WOM World Of Medicine AG Berlin/Germany. Laser induced shockwave generation for use in lithotripsy. Proc SPIE 2002;4609:137-40.
84. Zorcher T, Hochberger J, Schrott K, Kuhn R, Schafhauser W. In vitro study concerning the efficiency of the frequency-doubled double-pulse Neodymium: YAG laser (FREDDY) for lithotripsy of calculi in the urinary tract. Lasers Surg Med 1999;25:38-42.
85. Tischer C, Koort HJ, Bazo A, Rasch R, Thiede C, World of Medicine Inc., Dept. of Medical Lasers, Orlando and Berlin et al. Clinical experiences with a new Frequency-doubled Double-pulse Nd:YAG Laser (FREDDY) for the treatment of urolithiasis. Proc SPIE 2002;4609:128-35.
86. Ertl T, Benthin H, Muller G. Thermal and acoustic problems on root canal treatment with different lasers. Proc SPIE 1994;2327:114-24.
87. Li Z, Reinisch L, Van de Merwe WP. Bone ablation with Er:YAG and CO2 laser: study of thermal and acoustic effects. Lasers Surg Med 1992;12:79-85.
88. Pratisto H, Frenz M, Ith M, Romano V, Felix D, Grossenbacher R et al. Temperature and pressure effects during erbium stapedotomy. Lasers Surg Med 1996;18:100-8.
89. Hohenleutner U, Hohenleutner S, Baumler W, Landthaler M. Fast and effective skin ablation with an Er:YAG laser: determination of ablation rates and thermal damage zones. Lasers Surg Med 1997;20:242-7.
90. Dietlein TS, Jacobi PC, Krieglstein GK. Erbium:YAG laser trabecular ablation (LTA) in the surgical treatment of glaucoma. Lasers Surg Med 1998;23:104-10.
91. Daidoh Y, Arai T, Komine Y, Nagakura K, Ieda K, Murai M et al. Determination of optimum wavelength for laser photofragmentation of urinary stones. J Endourol 1991;5:245-9.
92. D'yakonov GI, Konov VI, Mikhailov VA, Nikolaev DA. Comparative performance of infrared solid-state lasers in laser lithotripsy. Proc SPIE 1991;1421:156-62.
93. Bloch MA, Fedorovskii SL, Suslov AM, Mikhailov BA, Pak SK, Shcherbakov IA. In-vitro lithotripsy with Er:Cr:YSGG lasers through fiber. Proc SPIE 1993;1879:182-5.
94. Chan KF, Hammer DX, Choi B, Welch AJ, Teichman JMH, McGuff HS et al. Free electron laser lithotripsy threshold radiant exposures. J Endourol 1999;14:161-7.
95. Chan KF, Hammer DX, Vargas G, Sorg B, Pfefer TJ, Pratisto H et al. Free electron laser ablation of urinary calculi: a preliminary study. J Urol 1999;161(supp): 369(abstract#1430).
96. Teichman JMH, Chan KF, Cecconi PP, Corbin NS, Kamerer AD, Glickman RD et al. Erbium:YAG versus Holmium:YAG lithotripsy. J Urol 2001;165:876-9.
97. Chan KF, Lee H, Teichman JMH, Kamerer A, McGuff HS, Vargas G et al. Erbium: YAG laser lithotripsy mechanism. J Urol 2002;168:436-41.
98. Miyashita T, Manabe T. Infrared optical fibers. IEEE J Quantum Electronics 1982;18:1432-50.
99. Merberg GN. Current status of infrared fiber optics for medical laser power delivery. Lasers Surg Med 1993;13:572-6.
100. Verdaasdonk RM, van Swol CF. Laser light delivery systems for medical applications. Phys Med Bio 1997;42:869-94.
101. Frenz M, Pratisto H, Ith M, Konz F, Weber HP. Effects of simultaneously fiber transmitted erbium and holmium radiation on the interaction with highly absorbing media. Proc SPIE 1995;2391:517-24.
102. Pryshlak AP, Dugan JR, Fitzgibbon JJ, Saphikon Inc. Advancements in sapphire optical fibers for the delivery of Erbium laser energy and IR sensor applications. Proc SPIE 1996;2677:35-42.
103. Olshansky R, Scherer GW. High GeO2 optical waveguide. Tech Dig 5th European Conference on Optical Communications (The Netherland) 1979;12:5-1.
104. Lee H. Pulsed-laser induced material and its clinical applications (Doctoral dissertation). Austin: The University of Texas at Austin; 2003.
105. Nubling RK, Harrington JA. Optical properties of single-crystal sapphire fibers. Appl Opt 1997;36:5934-40.
106. Merberg GN, Harrington JA. Optical and mechanical properties of single-crystal sapphire optical fibers. Appl Opt 1993;32:3201-9.
107. Harrington JA, Matsuura Y. Review of hollow waveguide technology. Proc SPIE 1995;2396:4-14.
108. Matsuura Y, Abel T, Harrington JA. Optical properties of small-bore hollow glass waveguides. Appl Opt 1995;34:6842-7.
109. Abel T, Hirsch J, Harrington JA. Hollow glass waveguides for broadband infrared transmission. Opt Lett 1994;19:1034-6.
110. Kozodoy RL, Pagkalinawan AT, Harrington JA. Small-bore hollow waveguides for delivery of 3-mm laser radiation. Appl Opt 1996;35:1077-82.
111. Wang Y, Matsuura Y, Miyagi M. Robust hollow devices and waveguides for Er:YAG laser radiation. Opt Laser Tech 1997;29:449-53.
112. Mohri S, Kasai T, Abe Y, Shi Y, Matsuura Y, Miyagi M. Optical properties of end-sealed hollow fibers. Appl Opt 2002;41:1251-5.
113. Iwai K, Shi Y, Nito K, Matsuura Y, Kasai T, Miyagi M et al. Erbium:YAG laser lithotripsy by use of a flexible hollow waveguide with an end-scaling cap. Appl Opt 2003;42:2431-5.