Increased levothyroxine requirements in pregnancy - Why, when, and how much?

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 351, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 292-294

  Toft, Anthony ^a  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEVOTHYROXINE; LIOTHYRONINE; THYROXINE BINDING GLOBULIN; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFECT; EDITORIAL; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL SCREENING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; THYROXINE BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD; FEMALE; NOTE; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION;

FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

EID: 3142698500     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe048110     Document Type: Editorial

References (13)

1. Surks MI, Chopra IJ, Mariash CN, Nicoloff JT, Solomon DH. American Thyroid Association guidelines for use of laboratory tests in thyroid disorders. JAMA 1990;263:1529-32.
2. Demers LM, Spencer CA. Laboratory medicine practice guidelines: laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Clin Endrocrinol (Oxf) 2003;58:138-40.
3. Toft AD, Beckett GJ. Thyroid function tests and hypothyroidism. BMJ 2003;326:295-6.
4. Hennemann G, Docter R, Visser TJ, Postema PT, Krenning EP. Thyroxine plus low-dose, slow-release triiodothyronine replacement in hypothyroidism: proof of principle. Thyroid 2004;14:271-5.
5. Morreale de Escobar G, Obregon MJ, Escobar del Rey F. Is neuropsychological development related to maternal hypothyroidism or to maternal hypothyroxinemia? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3975-87.
6. Glinoer D. The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology. Endocr Rev 1997;18:404-33.
7. Alexander EK, Marqusee E, Lawrence J, Jarolim P, Fischer GA, Larsen PR. Timing and magnitude of increases in levothyroxine requirements during pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 2004;351:241-9.
8. Mandel SJ, Larsen PR, Seely EW, Brent GA. Increased need for thyroxine during pregnancy in women with primary hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 1990;323:91-6.
9. Pop VJ, Brouwers EP, Vader HL, Vulsma T, van Baar AL, de Vijlder JJ. Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy and subsequent child development: a 3-year follow-up study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;59:282-8.
10. Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med 1999;341:549-55.
11. Davis LE, Leveno KJ, Cunningham FG. Hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72:108-12.
12. Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH, et al. Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific reviews and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA 2004;291:228-38.
13. Klein RZ, Haddow JE, Faix JD, et al. Prevalence of thyroid deficiency in pregnant women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1991;35:41-6.