The effects of the social environment on the brain;Efectos cerebrales del medio ambiente social

Revista de Neurologia

Volumn 38, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 869-878

  Valencia Alfonso, C E ^a,b   Feria Velasco, A ^b   Luquin S ^a   Diaz Burke Y ^a   García Estrada, Joaquín ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUADALAJARA   (Mexico)

^b Ctro Invest/Asistencia Tecnol   (Mexico)

^c INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Cognitive impairment; Corticosteroids; Hippocampus; HPA axis; Neuronal death; Social stress

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID;

APOPTOSIS; AVERSIVE BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BRAIN; BRAIN FUNCTION; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONDUCT DISORDER; CORTICOSTEROID BLOOD LEVEL; HIPPOCAMPUS; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; MAMMAL; NEGLECT; NEUROTOXICITY; REVIEW; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL DOMINANCE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL EVOLUTION; SOCIAL PROBLEM; STIMULATION; STRESS;

EID: 3142678888     PISSN: 02100010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.33588/rn.3809.2003413     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Black PH. Psychoneuroimmunology: Brain and immunity. Sci Am 1995; 2: 16-25.
2. Repetti RL, Taylor SE, Seeman TE. Risky families: family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychol Bull 2002; 128: 330-66.
3. McEwen BS. Effects of adverse experiences for brain structure and function. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48: 721-31.
4. Angelucci L. The glucocorticoid hormone: From pedestal to dust and back. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 405: 139-47.
5. Herbert J. Fortnighly review: stress, the brain, and mental illness. Br Med J 1997; 315: 530-5.
6. Rosenzweig MR, Leinman AI. Hormonas: un sistema de comunicación química. In Rosenweig MR, Leinman AI, eds. Psicología fisiológica. Madrid: McGraw Hill; 1992. p. 237-66.
7. De Kloet ER. Stress in the brain. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 405: 187-98.
8. Harbuz MS, Windle RJ, Jessop DS, Renshaw D, Ingram CD, Lightman SL. Differential effects of psychological and immunological challenge on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 876: 43-52.
9. Haller J, Halasz J, Makara GB, Kurk MR. Acute effects of glucocorticoids: behavioral and pharmacological perspectives. Neurosci Biobiehav Rev 1998; 23: 337-44.
10. Kant GJ, Leu JK, Anderson SM, Mougey EH. Effects of chronic stress on plasma corticosterone, ACTH and prolactin. Physiol Behav 1987; 40: 775-9.
11. Spehner V, De Wazieres B, Nicod L, Harraga S, Robert JF, Seillès E. Auditory stress induces changes in membrane functions of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Scand J Immunol 1996; 44: 643-7.
12. McEwen BS, Weiss JM, Schwartz LS. Selective retention of corticosterone by limbic structures in rat brain. Nature 1968; 220: 911-2.
13. Kandel ER. Mecanismos celulares del aprendizaje y de la memoria. In Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, eds. Neurociencia y conducta. Madrid: Prentice Hall; 2000. p. 695-745.
14. Wolf NJ. Global and serial neurons form a hierarchically arranged interface proposed to underlie memory and cognition. Neuroscience 1996; 74: 625-51.
15. Raber J. Detrimental effects of chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. From obesity to memory deficits. Mol Neurobiol 1998; 18: 1-22.
16. Eichenbaum H, Otto T. The hippocampus - what does it do? Behav Neural Biol 1992; 57: 2-36.
17. Kandel ER, Hawkins RD. The biological basis of learning and individuality. Sci Am 1992; 267: 78-86.
18. Jacobson L, Sapolsky R. The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Endocr Rev 1991; 12: 118-34.
19. Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen BS. Prolonged glucocorticoid exposure reduces hippocampal neuron number: implications for aging. J Neurosci 1985; 5: 1222-7.
20. Brown ES, Rush AJ, McEwen BS. Hippocampal remodeling and damage by corticosteroids: implications for mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacol 1999; 21: 474-84.
21. Reul JM, Gesing A, Droste S, Stec ISM, Weber A, Bachmann C, et al. The brain mineralocorticoid receptor: greedy for ligand, mysterious in function. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 405: 235-49.
22. De Kloet ER, Vreugdenhil E, Oitzl MS, Joëls M. Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease. Endocr Rev 1998; 19: 269-301.
23. Joëls M, Vreugdenhil E. Corticosteroids in the brain cellular and molecular actions. Mol Neurobiol 1998; 17: 87-108.
24. Smith MA, Makino S, Kventnansky R, Post MR. Stress and glucocorticoids affect expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 m RNAs in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 1995; 15: 1768-77.
25. McEwen BS. Stress and hippocampal plasticity. Annu Rev Neurosci 1999; 22: 105-22.
26. McEwen BS, Sapolsky RM. Stress and cognitive function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1995; 5: 205-16.
27. Gabr RW, Birkle DL, Azzaro AJ. Stimulation of the amygdala by glutamate facilitates corticotropin-releasing factor release from the median eminence and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in stressed rats. Neuroendocrinology 1995; 62: 333-9.
28. Gould E, Tanapat P, Rydel T, Hastings N. Regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood. Biol Psychiat 2000; 48: 715-20.
29. Kempermann G, Kuhn HG, Gage FH. Experience-induced neurogenesis in the senescent dentate gyrus. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 3206-12.
30. Ohl F, Fuchs E. Differential effects of chronic stress on memory processes in the tree shrew. Cognitive Brain Res 1999; 7: 379-87.
31. Lupien SJ, McEwen BS. The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: integration of animal and human model studies. Brain Res Rev 1997; 24: 1-27.
32. Magarinos AM, Deslandes A, McEwen BS. Effects of antidepressants and benzodiazepine treatments on the dendritic structure of CA3 pyramidal neurons after chronic stress. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 371: 113-22.
33. Pérez-Vega MI, Barajas-López G, Del Ángel-Meza AR, González-Burgos I, Feria-Velasco A. Dendritic spine density of pyramidal neurons in field CA1 of the hippocampus decreases due to chronic tryptophan restriction. Nutr Neurosci 1998; 1: 237-42.
34. Bisagno V, Ferrini M, Ríos H, Zieher LM, Wikinski SI. Chronic corticosterone impairs inhibitory avoidance in rats: possible link with atrophy of hippocampal CA3 neurons. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2000; 66: 235-40.
35. Bornstein SR. Cytokines and the adrenal cortex: basic research and clinical implications. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diab 2000; 7: 128-37.
36. Ader R, Cohen N, Felten D. Psychoneuroimmunology: interactions between the nervous system and the immune system. Lancet 1995; 345: 99-103.
37. Besedovsky HO, Del Rey A. Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses. Endocr Rev 1996; 17: 64-102.
38. Chrousos GP. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation. New Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1351-62.
39. Rothwell NJ. Neuroimmune interactions: the role of cytokines. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 121: 841-7.
40. Merino R, Ganan Y, Macías D, Rodríguez-León J, Hurle JM. Bone morphogenetic proteins regulate interdigital cell death in the avian embryo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 887: 120-32.
41. Kiess W, Gallaher B. Hormonal control of programmed cell death/apoptosis. Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 138: 482-91.
42. 2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD. Science 1999; 284: 339-43.
43. Kowaltowski AJ, Vercesi AE. Mitochondrial damage induced by conditions of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26: 463-71.
44. Sastry PS, Rao KS. Apoptosis and the nervous system. J Neurochem 2000; 74: 1-36.
45. Filipkowski RK, Hetman M, Kaminska B, Kaczmarek L. DNA fragmentation in rat brain after intraperitoneal administration of kainate. Neuroreport 1994; 5: 1538-40.
46. Sugo N, Hurn PD, Morahan MB, Hattori K, Traystman RJ, DeVries AC. Social stress exacerbates focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Stroke 2002; 33: 1660-4.
47. Henry JP, Liu Y, Nadra WE, Qian C, Mormede P, Lemaire V, et al. Psychosocial stress can induce chronic hypertension in normotensive strains of rats. Hypertension 1993; 21: 714-23.
48. Koolhaas JM, De Boer SF, De Ruiter AJH, Meerlo P, Sgoifo A. Social stress in rats and mice. Acta Physiol Scand 1997; 161: 69-72.
49. Steckler T. The molecular neurobiology of stress-evidence from genetic and epigenetic models. Behav Pharmacol 2001; 12: 381-427.
50. Matthews KA, Flory JD, Muldoon MF, Manuck SB. Does socioeconomic status relate to central serotonergic responsivity in healthy adults? Psychosom Med 2000; 62: 231-7.
51. Krantz DS, McCeney MK. Effects of psychological and social factors on organic disease: a critical assessment of research on coronary heart disease. Annu Rev Psychol 2002; 53: 341-69.
52. Klein F, Lemaire V, Sandi C, Vitiello S, Van der Logt J, Laurent PE, et al. Prolonged increase of corticosterone secretion by chronic social stress does not necessarily impair immune functions. Life Sci 1992; 50: 723-31.
53. Fokkema DS, Koolhaas JM, Gugten JV. Individual characteristics of behaviour, blood pressure, and adrenal hormones in colony rats. Physiol Behav 1995; 57: 857-62.
54. Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Is household crowding a risk factor for schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 1998; 29: 12-3.
55. Aioi A, Okuda M, Matsui M, Tonogaito H, Hamada K. Effect of high population density environment on skin barrier function in mice. J Dermatol Sci 2001; 25: 189-97.
56. Boranic M, Pericic D, Radacic M, Poljak-Blazi M, Sverko V, Miljenovic G. Immunological and neuroendocrine responses of rats to prolonged or repeated stress. Biomed Pharmacother 1982; 36: 23-8.
57. Csermely P, Pénzes I, Tóth S. Chronic overcrowding decreases cytoplasmic free calcium levels in T lymphocytes of aged CBA/CA mice. Experientia 1995; 51: 10976-9.
58. Kaufman J, Plotsky PM, Nemeroff CB, Charney DS. Effects of early adverse experiences on brain structure and function: clinical implications. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48: 778-90.
59. Liu D, Diorio J, Tannenbaum B, Caldji C, Francis D, Freedman A, et al. Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal responses to stress. Science 1997; 277: 1659-62.
60. Lyons DM, Yang C, Sawyer-Glover AM, Moseley ME, Schatzberg AF. Early life stress and inherited variation in monkey hippocampal volume. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 1145-51.
61. Suomi SJ. Early determinants of behaviour: evidence from primate studies. Br Med Bull 1997; 53: 170-84.
62. Brunner E. Socioeconomic determinants of health: stress and the biology of inequality. Br Med J 1997; 314: 1472-6.
63. McEwen BS. From molecules to mind: Stress, individual differences, and the social environment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 935: 42-9.
64. Kovach JA, Nearing BD, Verrier RL. Angerlike behavioral state potentiates myocardial ischemia-induced T-wave alternant in canines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1719-25.
65. Manuck SB, Cohen S, Rabin BS, Muldoon MF, Bachen EA. Individual differences in cellular immune responses to stress. Psychol Sci 1991; 2: 111-5.
66. McCabe PM, Sheridan JF, Weiss JM, Kaplan JP, Natelson BH, Pare WP. Animal models of disease. Physiol Behav 2000; 68: 501-7.
67. McKittrick CR, Magarinos AM, Blanchard DC, Blanchard RJ, McEwen BS, Sakai RR. Chronic social stress reduces dendritic arbors in CA3 of hippocampus and decreases binding to serotonin transporter sites. Synapse 2000; 36: 85-94.
68. Meerlo P, Sgoifo A, De Boer SF, Koolhaas JM. Long-lasting consequences of a social conflict in rats: behavior during the interaction predicts subsequent changes in daily rhythms of heart rate, temperature, and activity. Behav Neurosci 1999; 113: 1283-90.
69. Schouten WGP, Wiegant VM. Individual responses to acute and chronic stress in pigs. Acta Physiol Scand 1997; 161: 88-91.
70. Hessing MJC, Hagelsø AM, Van Beek JAM, Wiepkema PR, Schouten WGP, Krukow R. Individual behavioural characteristics in pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1993; 37: 285-95.
71. Ely D, Caplea A, Dunphy G, Smith D. Physiological and neuroendocrine correlates of social position in normotensive and hypertensive rat colonies. Acta physiol Scand Suppl 1997; 640: 92-5.
72. Haller J, Kiem DT, Makara GB. The physiology of social conflict in rats: what is particularly stressful? Behav Neurosci 1996; 110: 353-9.
73. Blanchard DC, Sakai RR, McEwen B, Weiss SM, Blanchard RJ. Subordination stress: behavioral, brain and neuroendocrine correlates. Behav Brain Res 1993; 58: 113-21.
74. Mollenauer S, Bryson R, Robison M, Phillips C. Noise avoidance in the C57BL/6J mouse. Anim Learn Behav 1992; 20: 25-32.
75. Arcana R, Navasivayam A. The effect of acute noise stress on neutrophil functions. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1999; 43: 491-5.
76. Van Raaij MT, Dobbe CJ, Elvers B, Timmerman A, Schenk E, Oortigiesen M, et al. Hormonal status an the neuroendocrine response to a novel heterotypic stressor involving subchronic noise exposure. Neuroendocrinology 1997; 65: 200-9.
77. Windle RJ, Wood S, Shanks N, Perks P, Conde GL, Da Costa AP, et al. Endocrine and behavioural responses to noise stress: comparison of virgin and lactating female rats during non-disrupted maternal activity. J Neuroendocrinol 1997; 9: 6407-14.
78. Panksepp J, Burgdorf J. 50-kHz chirping (laughter?) in response to conditioned and unconditioned tickle-induced reward in rats: effects of social housing and genetic variables. Behav Brain Res 2000; 115: 25-38.
79. Blanchard RJ, Blanchard DC, Agullana R, Weiss SM. Twenty-two kHz alarm cries to presentation of a predator, by laboratory rats living in visible burrow systems. Physiol Behav 1991; 50: 5967-72.
80. Commissaris RL, Palmer A, Neophytou S, Graham M, Beckett S, Marsden CA. Acoustically elicited behaviours in Lister hooded and Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2000; 68: 521-31.
81. Beckett SR, Aspley S, Graham M, Marsden CA. Pharmacological manipulation of ultrasound induced defense behaviour in the rat. Psychopharmacology 1996; 127: 4384-90.
82. Savvas IN, Graham M, Williams J, Aspley S, Mardsen CA, Beckett SRG. Strain differences to the effects of aversive frequency ultrasound on behaviour and brain topography of c-fos expression in the rat. Brain Res 2000; 854: 158-64.
83. Rivest S. Are glucocorticoids good or bad for brain development and plasticity? Endocrinology 2002; 143: 1157-8.
84. Sapolsky RM. Why stress is bad for your brain. Science 1996; 273: 749-50.
85. Karasek RA, Theorell T, Schwartz JE, Schnall PL, Pieper CF, Michela JL. Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Study (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Study (HANES). Am J Public Health 1988; 78: 910-8.
86. Lundberg U, Frankenhaeuser M. Stress and workload of men and women in high-ranking positions. J Occup Health Psychol 1999; 4: 142-51.
87. Sapolsky RM, Mott GE. Social subordinance in wild baboons associated with suppressed high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations: the possible role of chronic stress. Endocrinology 1987; 121: 1605-10.
88. Lepore SJ. Problems and prospects for the social support-reactivity hypothesis. Ann Behav Med 1998; 20: 257-69.
89. Turner-Cobb JM, Sephton SE, Koopman C, Blake-Mortimer J, Spiegel D. Social support and salivary cortisol in women with metastatic breast cancer. Psychosom Med 2000; 62: 337-45.
90. Spiegel D, Sephton SE, Terr AI, Stites DP. Effects of psychosocial treatment in prolonging cancer survival may be mediated by neuroimmune pathways. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 840: 674-83.
91. Reynolds P, Kaplan GA. Social connections and risk for cancer: prospective evidence from the Alameda County Study. Behav Med 1990; 16: 101-10.
92. Montgomery SM, Bartley MJ, Wilkinson RG. Family conflict and slow growth. Arch Dis Child 1997; 77: 326-30.
93. Uno H, Tarara R, Else JG, Suleman MA, Sapolsky RM. Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates. J Neurosci 1989; 9: 1705-11.
94. Meaney MJ, Aitken DK, van Berkel C, Bhatnagar S, Sapolsky RM. Effect of neonatal handling on age-related impairments associated with the hippocampus. Science 1988; 239: 766-8.
95. Kirschbaum C, Prussner JC, Stone AA, Federenko I, Gaab J, Lintz D, et al. Persistent high cortisol responses to repeated psychological stress in a subpopulation of healthy men. Psychosom Med 1995; 57: 468-74.
96. Sternberg EM, Hill JM, Chrousos GP, Kamilaris T, Listwak SJ, Gold PW, et al. Inflammatory mediator-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation is defective in streptococcal cell wall arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86: 2374-8.
97. Mason D. Genetic variation in the stress response: susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and implications for human inflammatory disease. Immunol Today 1991; 12: 57-60.
98. Heinrichs M, Meinlschmidt G, Neumann I, Wagner S, Kirschbaum C, Ehlert U, et al. Effects of suckling on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to psychosocial stress in postpartum lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4798-804.
99. Gust DA, Wilson ME, Stocker T, Conrad S, Plotsky PM, Gordon TP. Activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is altered by aging and exposure to social stress in female rhesus monkeys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2556-63.
100. McGaugh JL, Cahill L, Parent MB, Mesches MH, Coleman-Mesches K, Salinas JA. Involvement of the amygdala in the regulation of memory storage. In McGaugh JL, Bermúdez-Rattoni F, Prado-Alcalá RA, eds. Plasticity in the central nervous system -learning and memory. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1995. p. 18-39.
101. Keenan PA, Jacobson MW, Soleymani RM, Newcomer JW. Commonly used therapeutic doses of glucocorticoids impair explicit memory. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 761: 400-2.
102. Silva RH, Frussa-Filho R. The plus-maze discriminative avoidance task: a new model to study memory-anxiety interactions. Effects of chlordiazepoxide and caffeine. J Neurosci Methods 2000; 102: 117-25.