Testing the cognitive mediation model: The roles of news reliance and three gratifications sought

Communication Research

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 446-471

  Beaudoin, Christopher E ^a   Thorson, Esther ^b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive mediation model; Political knowledge; Processing news; Uses and gratifications

Indexed keywords

EID: 3142675739     PISSN: 00936502     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0093650204266098     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. American Association for Public Opinion Research. (2002). Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys. Ann Arbor, MI: Author.
2. Anderson, J. R. (1980). Cognitive psychology and its applications. San Francisco: Freeman.
3. Baldwin, T. F., Barrett, M., & Bates, B. (1992, Spring). Uses and values for news on cable television. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, pp. 225-233.
4. Ball-Rokeach, S. (1985). The origins of individual media-system dependency: A sociological framework. Communication Research, 12(4), 485-510.
5. Ball-Rokeach, S., & DeFleur, M. (1976). A dependency model of mass media effects. Communication Research, 3, 3-21.
6. Bantz, C. (1982). Exploring uses and gratifications: A comparison of reported uses of television and reported uses of favorite program type. Communication Research, 9(3), 352-379.
7. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
8. Blumler, J. G. (1979). The role of theory in uses-and-gratifications research. Communication Research, 6(1), 9-36.
9. Blumler, J. G., & McQuail, D. (1969). Television in politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10. Chaffee, S. H., & Schleuder, J. (1986). Measurement and effects of attention on media news. Human Communication Research, 13(1), 76-107.
11. Chaffee, S. H., Zhao, X., & Leshner, G. (1994). Political knowledge and the campaign media of 1992. Communication Research, 21, 305-324.
12. Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.
13. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
14. DeFleur, M., & Ball-Rokeach, S. (1989). Theories of mass communication (5th ed.). New York: Longman.
15. Eveland, W. P., Jr. (1998). The cognitive mediation model: A framework for studying learning from the news with survey methods. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Baltimore.
16. Eveland, W. P., Jr. (2000, August). News information processing as mediator between motivations an public affairs knowledge. Paper presented to the Communication Theory & Methodology division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Phoenix.
17. Eveland, W. P., Jr. (2001). The cognitive mediation model of learning from the news: Evidence from nonelection, off-year election, and presidential election contexts. Communication Research, 28(5), 571-601.
18. Eveland, W. P., Jr. (2002). News information processing as mediator of the relationship between motivations and political knowledge. Journalism Quarterly, 79(1), 26-40.
19. Eveland, W. P., Jr., & Dunwoody, S. (2000). Examining information processing on the World Wide Web using think aloud protocols. Media Psychology, 2, 219-244.
20. Eveland, W. P., Jr., & Dunwoody, S. (2002). An investigation of elaboration and selective scanning as mediators of learning from the Web versus print. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(1), 34-53.
21. Eveland, W. P., Jr. & Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Connection news media use with gaps in knowledge and participation. Political Communication, 17, 215-237.
22. Eveland, W. P., Jr., Shah, D. V., & Kwak, N. (2003). Accessing causality in the cognitive mediation model: Panel study of motivations, information processing, and learning during campaign 2000. Communication Research, 30(4), 359-386.
23. Fiske, S. T. (1986). Schema-based versus piecemeal politics: A patchwork quilt, but not a blanket, of evidence. In R. R. Lau & D. O. Sears (Eds.), Political cognition (pp. 41-54). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
24. Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), The nature of intelligence (pp. 231-235). New York: John Wiley.
25. Gantz, W. (1978). How uses and gratifications affect recall of television news. Journalism Quarterly, 55, 664-672.
26. Graber, D. A. (1984). Media power in politics. Washington, B.C.: CQ Press.
27. Greenberg, B. S. (1974). Gratifications of television viewing and their correlates for British children. In J. G. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communications (pp. 71-92). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
28. Hollander, B. A. (1997). Television news exposure and foreign affairs knowledge: A six-nation analysis. Gazette, 59(2), 151-161.
29. Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural equation modeling approach. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 1-15). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30. Jeffres, L. W., & Atkin, D. J. (1996). Dimensions of student interest in reading newspapers. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 51(3), 15.
31. Johnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2002). Webelievability: A path model examining how convenience and reliance predict online credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(3), 619-642.
32. Kaplan, D. (2000). Structural equation modeling: Foundations and extensions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). On the use of the mass media for important things. American Sociological Review, 38(2), 164-81.
34. Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of communications. New York: Free Press.
35. Lau, R. R., & Sears, D. O. (1986). Political cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
36. Lavrakas, P. J. (1993). Telephone survey methods: Sampling, selection, and supervision (2nd ed). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
37. Levy, M. R. (1977). Experiencing television news. Journal of Communication, 27, 112-117.
38. Loges, W. E., & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (1993). Dependency relations and newspaper readership. Journalism Quarterly, 70(3), 602-614.
39. Lometti, G., Reeves, B., & Bybee, C. (1977). Investigating the assumptions of uses and gratifications research. Communication Research, 4, 321-337.
40. Mansbridge, J. J. (1980). Beyond adversary democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
41. Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 63-78.
42. McDonald, D. G., & Glynn, C. J. (1984). The stability of media gratifications. Journalism Quarterly, 61, 542-549, 741.
43. McLeod, J. M., & Becker, L. (1974). Testing the validity of gratification measures through political effects analysis. In J. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communications (pp. 137-166). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
44. McLeod, J. M., Daily, K., Guo, Z., Eveland, W. P., Jr., Bayer, J., Yang, S., et al. (1996). Community integration, local media use and democratic processes. Communication Research, 23(2), 179-209.
45. McLeod, J. M., Eveland, W. P., Jr., Moy, P., Scheufele, D., Yang, S., Horowitz, E. M., et al. (1996, August). Is what we see what they get: Probing the processes of media effects on support for crime policy proposals. Paper presented to the Communication Theory and Methodology Division at the annual conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Anaheim, CA.
46. McLeod, J. M., & McDonald, D. G. (1985). Beyond simple exposure: Media orientations and their impact on political processes. Communication Research, 12, 3-33.
47. McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., Moy, P., Horowitz, E. M., Holbert, R. L., Zhang, W., et al. (1999). Understanding deliberation: The effects of discussion networks on participation in a public forum. Communication Research,26(6), 743-774.
48. McLeod, J. M., Zubric, J., Kwak, N., Powell, M., Zhang, W., Deshpande, S., et al. (2000, August). Cognitive structure as a mediator/moderator of communication influence. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Phoenix.
49. Neuman, W. R. (1976). Patterns of recall among television news viewers. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40, 115-123.
50. Neuman, W. R., Just, M. R., & Crigler, A. N. (1992). Common knowledge:News and the construction of political meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Payne, G. A., Severn, J. H., & Dozier, D. M. (1988). Uses and gratifications: Motives as indicators of magazine readership. Journalism Quarterly, 65, 909-913, 959.
52. Perse, E. M. (1990). Audience selectivity and involvement in the newer media environment. Communication Research, 17(5), 675-697.
53. Perse, E. M., & Courtright, J. A. (1993). Normative images of communication media: Mass and interpersonal channels in the new media environment. Human Communication Research, 19, 485-503.
54. Reeve, J. (1997). Understanding motivation and emotion (2nd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
55. Robinson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2000). Using is believing: The influence of reliance on the credibility of online political information among politically interested Internet users. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(4), 865-879.
56. Robinson, J. P., & Levy, M. (1986). The main source: Learning from television news. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
57. Rubin, A. M. (1981). A multivariate analysis of "60 Minutes" viewing motivations. Journalism Quarterly, 58, 529-534.
58. Rubin, A. M. (1983). Television uses and gratifications: The connections of viewing patterns and motivations. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 27, 37-51.
59. Rubin, A. M., & Perse, E. M. (1987). Audience activity and television news gratifications. Communication Research, 14, 58-84.
60. Scheufele, D. A. (2002). Examining differential gains from mass media and their implications for participatory behavior. Communication Research, 29(1), 46-65.
61. Schmeck, R. R., & Grove, E. (1979). Academic achievement and individual differences in learning processes. Applied Psychological Measurement, 3, 43-49.
62. Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1-66.
63. Swanson, D. L. (1979). Political communication research and the uses and gratifications model:A critique. Communication Research, 6(1), 37-53.
64. Vincent, R. C., & Basil, M. D. (1997). College students' news gratifications, media use, and current events knowledge. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41(3), 380-392.
65. Wenner, L. A. (1982). Gratifications sought and obtained in program discrepancy: A study of network evening news programs and "60 Minutes." Communication Research, 9, 539-560.
66. Wenner, L. A. (1985). The nature of news gratifications. In K. E. Rosengren, L. A. Wenner, & P. Palmgreen (Eds.), Media gratifications research: Current perspectives (pp. 171-193). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.