Fan noise: A challenge to CAA

International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 471-480

  Envia, Edmane ^a   Wilson, Alexander G ^b   Huff, Dennis L ^a  

^a NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b ROLLS ROYCE PLC   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Broadband noise; Computational aeroacoustics; Fan noise; Multiple pure tones; Rotor stator interaction noise; Self noise

Indexed keywords

BROADBAND NOISE; COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS (CAA); FAN NOISE; MULTIPLE PURE TONES; ROTOR-STATOR INTERACTION NOISE; SELF-NOISE;

ACOUSTIC NOISE; BENCHMARKING; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE REFLECTION; FANS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PROBLEM SOLVING; ROTORS;

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS;

EID: 3142670059     PISSN: 10618562     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10618560410001673489     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Adamczyk, J.J., Celestina, M.L., Beach, T.A. and Barnett, M. (1990) "Simulation of three-dimensional viscous flow within a multistage turbine", ASME Journal of Turbomachinery 112, 370-376.
2. Ali, A.A., Atassi, H.M. and Atassi, O.V. (2001) "Derivation and implementation of inflow/outflow conditions for aeroacoustic problems with swirling flows", AIAA Paper 2001-2173, 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.
3. Atassi, H.M. (1997) "Aeroacoustics of nonuniform flows", AIAA Paper 97-0378, 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada.
4. Berge, D., Madec, A. and Cailleau, J.M. (1998) "CFD methods for fan aeroacoustic design at Snecma", AIAA Paper 98-2251, 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France.
5. Breard, C., Sayma, A., Imregun, M., Wilson, A.G. and Tester, B.J. (2001) "A CFD-based non-linear model for the prediction of tone noise in lined ducts", AIAA Paper 2001-2176, 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.
6. Brooks, T.F. and Marcolini, M.A. (1983) "Scaling of airfoil noise using measured flow parameters", AIAA Journal, 207-212.
7. Brooks, T.F., Pope, D.S. and Marcolini, M.A. (1989) "Airfoil self-noise and prediction", NASA RP-1218.
8. Clark, L.R., Farassat, F., Gerhold, C.H., Thomas, R.H. and Dougherty, R.P. (1997) "Inlet shape effects on the far-field sound of a model fan", AIAA Paper 97-1589, 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
9. Cooper, A.J. and Peake, N. (2001) "Wave propagation in a slowly-varying duct with mean vortical swirling flow", AIAA Paper 2001-2124, 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.
10. Dahl, M.D. (2000) "Third Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) Workshop on Benchmark Problems", (editor), NASA/CP-2000-209790.
11. Delfs, J.W. (2001) "An overlapped grid technique for high resolution CAA schemes for complex geometries", AIAA Paper 2001-2199, 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.
12. Devenport, W.J. and Glegg, S.A.L. (2001) "Modeling the two-point space-time correlation of turbulence in a fan wake flow", AIAA Paper 2001-2241, 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.
13. Devenport, W.J. and Spitz, N. (2003) "Predicting Nodes of the Unsteady Vorticity Field near the Trailing Edge of a Blade", NASA/CR-2003-212099.
14. Dougherty, R.P. (1996) "Nacelle acoustic design by ray tracing in three dimensions", AIAA Paper 96-1773, 2nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, State College, Pennsylvania.
15. Dougherty, R.P. (1997) "A wave-splitting technique for nacelle acoustic propagation", AIAA Paper 97-1652, 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
16. Dougherty, R.P. (1999) "A Parabolic approximation for flow effects on sound propagation in nonuniform, softwall ducts", AIAA Paper 99-1822, AIAA Space Technology Conference & Expositions, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
17. Dunn, M.H., Tweed, J. and Farassat, F. (1996) "The prediction of ducted fan engine noise via a boundary integral equation method", AIAA Paper 96-1770, 2nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, State College, Pennsylvania.
18. Elhadidi, B. and Atassi, H.M. (2002) "High frequency sound radiation from an annular cascade in swirling flows", AIAA Paper 2002-2560, 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Breckenridge, Colorado.
19. Envia, E. (2002) "Application of a Linearized Euler Analysis to Fan Noise Prediction", presented at Fan-Gust Workshop, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, U.K. (web address: http://www.isvr.soton.ac.uk/FDAG/fangust/).
20. Eversman, W. (1998) "Aft fan duct acoustic radiation", Journal of Sound and Vibration 213, 235-257.
21. Eversman, W. and Danda, R.L. (1993) "Ducted fan acoustic radiation including the effect of non-uniform mean flow and acoustic treatment", AIAA Paper 93-4424, 15th AIAA, Aeroacoustics Conference, Long Beach, California.
22. Freund, J.B., Lele, S.K. and Moin, P. (1998) "Direct simulation of a Mach 1.92 jet and its sound field", AIAA Paper 98-2291, 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France.
23. Ganz, U.W., Joppa, P.D., Patten, T.J. and Scharpf, D.F. (1998) "Boeing 18-Inch Fan Rig Broadband Noise Test", NASA/CR-1998-208704.
24. Gerolymos, G.A., Michon, G.J. and Neubauer, J. (2002) "Analysis and application of chorochronic periodicity in turbomachinery rotor/stator interaction computations", Journal of Propulsion and Power 18, 1139-1152.
25. Giles, M.B. (1988) "Calculation of unsteady wake rotor interaction", AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power 4(4), 356-362.
26. Glegg, S.A.L. (1996) "Broadband self noise from a ducted fan", AIAA Paper 97-1612, 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
27. Glegg, S.A.L. and Walker, N. (1999) "Fan noise from blades moving through boundary layer turbulence", AIAA Paper 99-1888, 5th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Bellevue, Washington.
28. Glegg, S.A.L. and Devenport, W.J. (2001) "Rotor/stator interaction noise from blade wakes", AIAA Paper 2001-2150, 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.
29. Gliebe, P., Mani, R., Shin, H., Mitchell, B., Ashford, G., Salamah, S. and Connell, S. (2000) "Aeroacoustic Prediction Codes", NASA/CR-2000-210244.
30. Goldstein, M.E. (1976) Aeroacoustics (McGraw-Hill, Inc.).
31. Goodrich, J.W. (1997) "High accuracy finite difference algorithms for computational aeroacoustics", AIAA Paper 97-1584, 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
32. de Gouville, B., Roger, M. and Cailleau J.M. (1998) "Prediction of fan broadband noise", AIAA Paper 98-2317, AIAA Paper 98-2317, 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France.
33. Groeneweg, J.F., Softin, T.G., Rice, E.J. and Gliebe, P.R. (1991) "Turbomachinery Noise", In: Hubbard, H.H., eds, Aeroacoustics of Flight Vehicles: Theory and Practice, Volume 1: Noise Sources NASA Reference Publication 1258, Vol. 1.
34. Hall, E.J. (1997) "Aerodynamic modeling of multistage compressor flowfields Part 1: analysis of rotor/stator/rotor aerodynamic interaction", ASME paper 97-GT-344.
35. Hanson, D.B. (1997) "Acoustic reflection and transmission of rotors and stators including mode and frequency scattering", AIAA Paper 97-1610, 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
36. Hanson, D.B. (2001) "Broadband noise of fans - with unsteady coupling theory to account for rotor and stator reflection/transmission effects", NASA/CR-2001-211136.
37. Hanson, D.B. and Horan, K.P. (1998) "Turbulence/cascade interaction spectra of inflow, cascade response and noise", AIAA Paper 98-2319, 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France.
38. Hardin, J.C., Ristorcelli, J.R. and Tam, C.W.K. (1995) "ICASE/LaRC workshop on benchmark problems in computational aeroacoustics", (editors), NASA CP-3300.
39. Heidelberg, L.J., Hall, D.G., Bridges, J.E. and Nallasamy, M. (1996) "A unique ducted fan test bed for active noise control and aeroacoustics research", AIAA Paper 96-1740, 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
40. Hixon, R. and Turkel, E. (1998) "High-accuracy compact MacCormack-type schemes for computational aeroacoustics", AIAA Paper 98-0365, 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada.
41. Huff, D.L. (1998) "Fan noise prediction: status and needs", AIAA Paper 98-0177, 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada.
42. Joppa, P.D. (1999) "Experimental investigations of acoustic characteristics of broadband noise sources with the Boeing 18-inch fan rig", AIAA Paper 99-1887, AIAA Space Technology Conference & Exposition, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
43. Joseph, P. and Parry, A. (2001) "Rotor/wall boundary layer interaction broadband noise in turbofan engines", AIAA Paper 2001-2244, 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.
44. Kempton, A.J. (1983) "Ray theory and mode-theory predictions of intake-liner performance: a comparison with engine measurements", AIAA Paper 83-0711, AIAA 8th Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
45. Kempton, A.J. and Smith, M.G. (1981) "Ray-theory predictions of the sound radiated from realistic engine intakes", AIAA Paper 81-1982, AIAA 7th Aeroacoustics Conference, Palo Alto, California.
46. Kousen, K.A. (1995) "Eigenmode analysis of ducted flows wich radially dependent axial and swirl components", AIAA Paper 95-160-CP, 1st AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Munich, Germany.
47. Launder, B.E. and Sandham, N.D. (2002) Closure Strategies for Turbulent and Transitional Flows (Cambridge University Press).
48. Lele, S.K. (1997) "Computational aeroacoustics: a review", AIAA Paper 97-0018, 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada.
49. Li, X.D., Schemel, C., Michel, U. and Thiele, F. (2002) "On the azimuthal mode propagation in axisymmetric duct flows", AIAA Paper 2002-2521, 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Breckenridge, Colorado.
50. Lumley, J.L. (1967) "The Structure of Inhomogeneous Turbulence", In: Yaglom, A.M. and Tatarski, V.I., eds, Atmospheric Turbulence and Wave Propagation (Nauka, Moscow).
51. Mani, R. (1971) "Noise due to interaction of inlet turbulence with isolated stators and rotors", Journal of Sound and Vibration 17, 251-260.
52. Mani, R., Gliebe, P.R. and Ho, P.Y. (1997) "Fan Broadband Noise Model Development", NASA/CR-198457.
53. Montgomery, M.D. and Verdon, J.M. (1997) "A 3D Linearized Unsteady Euler Analysis for Turbomachinery Blade Rows", NASA/CR-4770.
54. Morfey, C.L. and Fisher, M.J. (1970) "Shock-wave radiation from a supersonic ducted rotor", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 74, 579-585.
55. Morfey, C.L. (1971) "Tone radiation from an isolated subsonic rotor", Journal of Acoustical Society of America 5, 1690-1692.
56. Morin, B.L. (1999) "Broadband fan noise prediction system for gas turbine engines", AIAA Paper 99-1889, 5th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Bellevue, Washington.
57. Mugridge, D.B. (1973) "Broadband Noise Generation by Airfoils and Axial Flow Fans", AIAA Paper 73-1018.
58. Nallasamy, M., Envia, E., Thorp, S.A. and Shabbir, A. (2002) "Fan noise source diagnostic test-computation of rotor wake turbulence noise", AIAA Paper 2002-2489, 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Breckenridge, Colorado.
59. Özyörük, Y. and Long, L.N. (1999) "Time-domain calculation of sound propagation in lined ducts with sheared flows", AIAA Paper 99-1817, 5th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Bellevue, Washington.
60. Özyörük, Y., Ahuja, V. and Long, L.N. (2001) "Time domain simulation of radiation from ducted fans with liners", AIAA Paper 2001-2171, 7th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.
61. Özyörük, Y., Alpman, E., Ahuja, V. and Long, L.N. (2002) "A frequency domain numerical method for noise radiation from ducted fans", AIAA Paper 2002-2587, 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Breckenridge, Colorado.
62. Parrett, A.V. and Eversman, W. (1986) "Wave envelop and finite element approximation for turbofan noise radiation in flight", AIAA Journal 24, 753-760.
63. Podboy, G.G., Krupar, M.J., Helland, S.M. and Hughes, C.E. (2002) "Steady and unsteady flow field measurements within a NASA 22 inch fan model", AIAA Paper 2002-1033, 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada.
64. Rice, E.J. (1978) "Multimodal far-field acoustic radiation pattern using mode cutoff ratios", AIAA Journal 16(9), 906-911.
65. Rice, E.J. (1999) "Broadband noise radiation models for aircraft engines", AIAA Paper 99-1953, 33rd AIAA Themophysics Conference, Norfolk, Virginia.
66. Rienstra, S.W. (1998) "Sound transmission in slowly varying circular and annular lined ducts with flow", AIAA Paper 98-2311, 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France.
67. Rienstra, S.W. and Eversman, W. (1999) "A numerical comparison between multiple-scales and FEM solution for sound propagation in lined flow ducts", AIAA Paper 99-1821, AIAA Space Technology Conference & Expositions, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
68. Rumsey, C.L., Biedren, R.T., Farassat, F. and Spence, P.L. (1998) "Ducted-fan engine acoustic predictions using a Navier-Stokes code", Journal of Sound and Vibration 213(4), 643-664.
69. Savkar, S.D. and Edelfelt, I.H. (1975) "Radiation of Cylindrical Duct Acoustic Modes with Flow Mismatch", NASA CR-132613.
70. Scharpf, D.L. (1998) "Noise prediction for rotor/inlet-probe wake interactions", AIAA Paper 98-2322, 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Toulouse, France.
71. Sharland, I.J. (1964) "Sources of noise in axial flow fans", Journal of Sound and Vibration 1(3), 302-322.
72. Shieh, C.M. and Morris, P.J. (1999) "Parallel numerical simulation of subsonic cavity noise", AIAA Paper 99-1981, 5th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Bellevue, Washington.
73. Silkowski, P.D. and Hall, K.C. (1997) "A coupled mode analysis of unsteady multistage flows in turbomachinery", presented at the 42nd ASME International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress & Exposition, Orlando, Florida.
74. Smith, S.N. (1972) Discrete Frequency Sound Generation in Axial Flow Turbomachines R&M 3709 (British Aeronautical Research Council, London, England).
75. Smith, M.J.T. (1989) Aircraft Noise (Cambridge University Press).
76. Sofrin, T.G. and Cicon, D.E. (1987a) "Ducted fan noise propagation in non-uniform flow-Part I: test background and simplified model", AIAA Paper 87-2701, 11th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference, Sunnyvale, California.
77. Sofrin, T.G. and Cicon, D.E. (1987b) "Ducted fan noise propagation in nonuniform flow - Part II: wave equation solution", AIAA Paper 87-2702, 11th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference, Sunnyvale, California.
78. Spence, P.L. (1997) "Ducted fan noise prediction using wave envelop analysis and the Kirchhoff formula", AIAA Paper 97-1651, 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
79. Tam, C.K.W. (1995) "Computational aeroacoustics: issues and methods", AIAA Journal 33(10), 1788-1796.
80. Tam, C.K.W. and Hardin, J.C. (1997) "Second Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) Workshop on Benchmark Problems", (editors), NASA CP-3352.
81. Topol, D.A. (1997) "Development and evaluation of a coupled fan noise design system", AIAA Paper 97-1617, 3rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Atlanta, Georgia.
82. Ventres, C.S., Theobald, M.A. and Mark, W.D. (1982) "Turbofan Noise Generation", NASA CR-167952, Volumes 1 and 2.
83. Verdon, J.M. (2001) "Linearized Unsteady Aerodynamic Analysis of the Acoustic Response of Wake/Blade-Row Interaction", NASA/CR-2001-210713.
84. Wang, M. and Moin, P. (2000) "Computation of trailing-edge flow and noise using large-eddy simulation", AIAA Journal 38, 2201-2209.
85. Wells, V.L. and Renaut, R.A. (1997) "Computing aerodynamically generated noise", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 29, 161-199.
86. Whitehead, D.S. (1972) "Vibration and Sound Generation in a Cascade of Flat Plates in Subsonic Flows", R&M 3685 (Aeronautical Research Council, London, England).
87. Wilson, A.G. (2001) "A method for deriving tone noise information from CFD calculations on the aeroengine fan stage", presented at the NATO RTO-AVT Symposium on Computational Aero- and Hydro-Acoustics, Manchester, U.K.
88. Woodward, R.P., Hughes C.H., Jeracki, R.J. and Miller, C.J. (2002) "Fan noise source diagnostic test-far-field acoustic results", AIAA Paper 2002-2427, 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Breckenridge, Colorado.