'A better class of boy' the big brother movement, youth migration and citizenship of empire

Australian Historical Studies

Volumn 33, Issue 120, 2002, Pages 267-285

  Sherington, Geoffrey ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 3142625783     PISSN: 1031461X     EISSN: 19405049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10314610208596219     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Keith Williams, "A Way out of our Troubles": The Politics of Empire Settlement, 1920-1922' in Emigrants and Empire: British Settlement in the Dominions Between the Wars, ed. Stephen Constantine (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990), 22-44
2. Dane Kennedy, 'Empire Migration in Post-War Reconstruction, 1919-1921', Albion 20, no. 3 (1988): 403-20
3. Michael Roe, Australia, Britain and Migration: A Study of Desperate Hopes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995)
4. See also Kosmas Tsokhas, 'People or Money? Empire Settlement and British Emigration to Australia 1919-34', Immigration and Minorities 9 (1990): 1-20
5. Kent Fedorowich, 'The Assisted Emigration of British Servicemen to the Dominions 1914-1922' in Emigrants and Empire, ed. Stephen Constantine (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990), 45-71
6. Geoffrey Sherington and Chris Jeffery, Fairbridge: Empire and Child Migration (London: Wobum Press, 1998)
7. Brian L. Blakeley, The Society for the Oversea Settlement of British Women and the Problem of Empire Settlement, 1917-1936', Albion 20, no. 3 (1988): 421-44
8. Janice Gothard, "The Healthy, Wholesome British Domestic Girl": Single Female Migration and the Empire Settlement Act, 1922-1930' in Emigrants and Empire, ed. Stephen Constantine, 72-95
9. Geoffrey Sherington, 'British Youth and Empire Settlement: The Dreadnought Boys in New South Wales', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 82, no. 1 (June 1996): 1-22
10. C. Christo, The South Australian Boy Migration Scheme, 1913-1929 (BA Hons thesis. University of Adelaide, 1974)
11. Peter Selten, 'Youth Movements as Agencies of Cultural Transmission: The Emergence of Youth Movements at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century' in Education and Cultural Transmission, Paedagogica Historica, ed. Johan Sturm, Jeroen Deker, Richard Aldrich and Frank Simon, International Journal of the History of Education, Supplementary Series, II, (1996): 265-82
12. Michael Rosenthal, The Character Factory: Baden-Powell and the Origins of the Boy Scout Movement (London: Collins, 1986)
13. J. H. Springhall, Youth, Empire and Society (London: Croom Helm, 1977). It has been estimated that about 40 per cent of boys growing up in Britain from 1910 to 1930 were involved in youth movements but the proportion was in favour of the middle class
14. See Paul Wilkinson, 'English Youth Movements 1908-1939', Journal of Contemporary History (1968): 3-23
15. Migration Reports, TC 214, Scout Association Archives. London. See also Allan Warren, 'Citizens of Empire: Baden Powell, Scouts and Guides and an Imperial Ideal' in Imperialism and Popular Culture, ed. John Mackenzie (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986)
16. Allan Warren, 'Popular Manliness: Baden Powell, Scouting and the Development of Manly Character' in Manliness and Morality: Middle-Class Masculinity in Britain and America, ed. J.A. Mangan and James Walvin (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987)
17. John Mackenzie, Propaganda and Empire (Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1984)
18. Patrick Dunae, Gentlemen Emigrants: From the British Public Schools to the Canadian Frontier (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1981)
19. R.L. Schnell, 'The Right Class of Boys; Youth Training Schemes and Assisted Emigration to Canada under the Empire Settlement Act, 1922-39', History of Education 23, no. 4 (1995): 73-90
20. The Big Brother Movement, Bringing Together British Boys and Australians, 3. There are a number of versions of this pamphlet in the Mitchell Library and the former Royal Commonwealth Society Library (now transferred from London to the University of Cambridge). For the background to Linton's campaign, see G. H. Romans, 'The Trek of Youth, History of the Big Brother Movement, Inspiring Success of "Utopian" Ideas', New Australian 1, no. 1 (February 1928): 11-12 and 1, no. 2 ( April 1928): 9-10
21. See Jean Floud, 'Educational Experience of the Adult Population' in Social Mobility in Britain, ed. David Glass (London: Routledge, Kegan and Paul, 1954), 104-5
22. Charles Loch Mowat, Britain between the Wars (London: Methuen, 1968), 467
23. John Stevenson, Social Conditions in Britain between the Wars (London: Penguin, 1977), 26-8
24. Geoffrey Sherington, 'Immigration Between the Wars' in The Australian People, ed. James Jupp (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1988)
25. see Jan Gothard, 'Single Female Emigration 1922-1930' in Emigrants and Empire, ed. Constantine, 72-96
26. For the various analyses and critiques of land settlement schemes in the 1920s, see Ian M. Drummond, Imperial Economic Policy 1917-1939 (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1972)
27. Gary Lewis, The Millions Farms Campaign NSW, 1919-25', Labour History, no. 47 (November 1984): 55-72
28. Drew Cottle, 'A Comprador Countryside Rural New South Wales 1919-1939' in Capital Essays, ed. Drew Cottle (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1984)
29. Marilyn Lake, The Limits of Hope: Soldier Settlement in Victoria, 1935-1938 (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1987)
30. see also Geoffrey Sherington, 'Assisted English Settlement' in The Australian People, ed. Jupp, 417-19
31. and Sherington, 'British Youth and Empire Settlement', 16-18
32. Mrinalini Sinha, Colonial Masculinity: The 'Manly Englishman' and the 'Effeminate Bengali' in the Late Nineteenth Century (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995). For a more ambitious post colonial interpretation of white masculinity in the context of Empire
33. see Ann Laura Stoller, Race and the Education of Desire (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1995)
34. See Paul B. Rich, Race and Empire in British Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 50-69
35. Leonie Foster, High Hopes: The Men and Motives of the Australian Round Table Movement (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1986), and John Poynter's forthcoming study of the Rhodes Trust in Australia. I am grateful to Professor Poynter for allowing me to see a draft copy of this history
36. Geoffrey Sherington and Mark Connellan, 'Socialisation, Imperialism and War: Ideology and Ethnicity in Australian Corporate Schools 1880-1918' in Benefits Bestowed: Education and British Imperialism, ed
37. See also Geoffrey Sherington, R.C. Petersen and Ian Brice, Learning to Lead: A History of Girls' and Boys' Corporate Secondary Schools in Australia (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1987)
38. Christine Heyward, Making a Man of Him: Parents and their Sons' Education at an English Public School, 1929-50 (London: Routledge, 1988)
39. Michelle Langfield, "To Restore British Migration": The Population Debates of the 1930s in Australia', Australian Journal of Politics and History 41, no. 3 ( December 1995): 408-19
40. John Gillis, 'Vanishing Youth: the Uncertain Place of the Young in a Global Age', Young I, no. 1 (1993): 3-18
41. Luisa Passerini, 'Youth as a Metaphor for Social Change: Fascist Italy and America in the 1950s' in A History of Young People, eds. Giovanni Levi and Jean-Claude Schmitt, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997), 281-340
42. See Terry Irving, David Maunders and Geoff Sherington, Youth in Australia (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1995)