A distributed equivalent magnetic current based FDTD method for the calculation of E-fields induced by gradient coils

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

Volumn 169, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 323-327

  Liu, Feng ^a   Crozier, Stuart ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Eddy current; FDTD; Gradient coil; Human model; Low frequency electromagnetic wave; Total scattered Field

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETISM; FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD; MAGNETIC CIRCUITS; MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS; VECTORS;

GRADIENT COILS; HUMAN MODELS; LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC EAVES;

ELECTRIC COILS;

DIAGNOSTIC AGENT;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; HUMAN; IMAGE QUALITY; MAGNETISM; METHODOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; TIME;

ALGORITHMS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MAGNETICS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHANTOMS, IMAGING; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 3142569222     PISSN: 10907807     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.05.011     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Jin J.M. Electromagnetic design and analysis in magnetic resonance imaging. 1999;CRC, Boca Raton, FL. pp. 211-271.
2. Bowtell R., Bowley R.M. Analytic calculations of the E-fields induced by time-varying magnetic fields generated by cylindrical gradient coils. Magn. Reson. Med. 44:2000;782-790.
3. Schmitt F., Stehling K., Turner R. Echo-planar imaging theory, technique and application. 1998;Springer, Berlin.
4. Gandhi O.P., Chen X.B. Specific absorption rates and induced current densities for an anatomy-based model of the human for exposure to time-varying magnetic fields of MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 41:1999;816-823.
5. Liu F., Zhao H.W., Crozier S. On the induced electric field gradients in the human body for magnetic stimulation by gradient coils in MRI. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 50:2003;804-815.
6. Liu F., Xia L., Crozier S. Influence of magnetically-induced E-fields on cardiac electric activity during MRI: a modelling study. Magn. Reson. Med. 50:2003;1180-1188.
7. Collins C.M., Chronik B.A. Modeling human tissues in pulsed gradient fields. Proc. ISMRM. 2003;2440.
8. McKinnon G. Simplifying gradient coil modeling in FDTD calculations. Proc. ISMRM. 2003;2437.
9. McKinnon G. A quasi-static FDTD approximation reduces computation time. Proc. ISMRM. 2003;2438.
10. Liu F., Crozier S., Zhao H.W., Lawrence B. Finite-difference time-domain based studies of MRI pulsed field gradient-induced eddy currents inside the human body. Concept Magn. Reson. 15(B):2002;26-36.
11. Zhao H.W., Crozier S., Liu F. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for modeling the effect of switched gradients on the human body in MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 48:2002;1037-1042.
12. Taflove A. Computational Electrodynamics, The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. 1995;Artech House, Boston.
13. Cheng D.K. Field and Wave Electromagnetics. 1989;Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Reading, Mass.
14. Crozier S., Doddrell D. Gradient-coil design by simulated annealing. J. Magn. Reson. 103(A):1993;354-357.
15. Bencsik M., Bowtell R., Bowley R.M. Electric fields induced in a spherical volume conductor by temporally varying magnetic field gradients. Phys. Med. Biol. 47:2002;557-576.
16. Bencsik M., Bowtell R., Bowley R.M. Using the vector potential in evaluating the likelihood of peripheral nerve stimulation due to switched magnetic field gradients. Magn. Reson. Med. 50:2003;405-410.
17. Keltner J.R., Carlson J.W., Roos M.S., Wong S.T.S., Wong T.L., Budinger T.F. Electromagnetic fields of surface coil in vivo NMR at high frequencies. Magn. Reson. Med. 22:1991;467-480.
18. Liu F., Crozier S. Electromagnetic fields inside a lossy multilayered spherical head phantom excited by MRI coils: models and methods. Phys. Med. Biol. 49:2004;1835-1851.
19. Yao D.Z. High-resolution EEG mappings: a spherical harmonic spectra theory and simulation results. Clin. Neurophysiol. 111:2000;81-92.