Comparative assessment of EIA systems in MENA countries: Challenges and prospects

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 553-593

  El Fadl, Karma ^a   El Fadel, Mutasem ^a  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

Author keywords

Environmental impact assessment; Middle East and North Africa countries

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; DECISION THEORY; ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; PUBLIC POLICY;

ECOCENTRIC CONCERNS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA);

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING;

COMPARATIVE STUDY; DECISION MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; FUTURE PROSPECT;

AFRICA; ASIA; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST; NORTH AFRICA;

EID: 3142563284     PISSN: 01959255     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2004.01.004     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Abdel-Gelil I., Abul-Azm A.G. Harmonization of EIA: An Egyptian perspective. Expert group meeting on the development of harmonized environmental impact assessment in the ESCWA region and thematic round table on regional preparations for the 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on sustainable development. Beirut, 9-13 April:2001
2. Ahmad Y.J., Sammy G.K. Guidelines to environmental impact assessment in developing countries. 1985;Hodder and Stoughton, London
3. Ahmad B., Wood C. A comparative evaluation of the EIA systems in Egypt, Turkey and Tunisia. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 22:2002;213-234
4. Al-Ghazi T. Environmental management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: an overview of environmental impact assessment procedures. Expert Group Meeting on the Development of Harmonized Environmental Impact Assessment in the ESCWA Region and Thematic Round Table on Regional Preparations for the 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development, Beirut, 9-13 April:2001
5. Al-Gunied H. Application of environmental impact assessment in the Republic of Yemen. 2001;Environmental Protection Council, Sana'a
6. Al-Khoshman M. EIA in Jordan. Lee N., George C. Environmental assessment in developing and transitional countries. 2000;Wiley, Chichester
7. Al-Marri A. Environmental impact assessment in Qatar. Expert group meeting on the development of harmonized environmental impact assessment in the ESCWA region and thematic round table on regional preparations for the 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on sustainable development. Beirut, 9-13 April:2002
8. Al-Naimi W. United Arab Emirates practices in implementing environmental impact assessment. Expert group meeting on the development of harmonized environmental impact assessment in the ESCWA region and thematic round table on regional preparations for the 2002 Johannesburg world summit on sustainable development, Beirut, 9-13 April:2001
9. Andreou A.G., Jones C.E. Development of the EIA process in Cyprus. Impact Assess. Proj. Apprais. 19(3):2001;223-233
10. Annandale D. Developing and evaluating environmental impact assessment systems for small developing countries. Impact Assess. Proj. Apprais. 19(3):2001;187-193
11. Anonymous Assessment of Palestinian EIA policy. Expert group meeting on the development of harmonized environmental impact assessment in the ESCWA region and thematic round table on regional preparations for the 2002 Johannesburg world summit on sustainable development, Beirut, 9-13 April:2001
12. Barker A., Wood C. An evaluation of EIA system performance in eight EU countries. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 19:1999;387-404
13. Bojorquez-Tapia L.A., Garcia O. An approach for evaluating EIAs-deficiencies of EIA in Mexico. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 18(3):1998;217-240
14. Boulos S. EIA policies: the Iraqi experience (Arabic). Expert group meeting on the development of harmonized environmental impact assessment in the ESCWA region and thematic round table on regional preparations for the 2002 Johannesburg world summit on sustainable development, Beirut, 9-13 April:2001
15. Bond A.J., Wathern P. Environmental impact assessment in the European Union. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 1:1999;223-247 Blackwell, Oxford
16. Briffett C. Environmental impact assessment in East Asia. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 1:1999;143-167 Blackwell, Oxford
17. Brito E., Verocai I. Environmental impact assessment in South and Central America. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 2:1999;183-202 Blackwell, Oxford
18. Canter L.W. Environmental impact assessment. 2nd ed. 1996;McGraw-Hill, New York
19. Clark B.D. Capacity building. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 2:1999;35-54 Blackwell, Oxford
20. Clark R., Richards D. Environmental impact assessment in North America. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 2:1999;203-222 Blackwell, Oxford
21. CITET (Tunis International Center for Environmental Technologies) Working together to strengthen the environment: strengthening EIA systems in the Mediterranean region. 2003;CITET, Tunis
22. Daini P. Reviewing 1990s SEA/EIA in the Aosta Valley (Italy) by a set oriented perspective. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 22(1):2002;37-77
23. DGEA (Directorate General of Environmental Affairs) Guidelines for obtaining environmental permits. 2001;Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Environment, Muscat, Oman
24. El-Fadl K. Environmental impact assessment: a comparative evaluation in MENA countries. MS Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 2003.
25. El-Fadel M., Zeinati M., Jamali D. Framework for environmental impact assessment in Lebanon. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 20:2000;579-604
26. El-O'k F. Syrian country paper. Expert group meeting on the development of a harmonized regional EIA for ESCWA member states, Beirut, April 9-13:2001
27. Environmental Affairs, no date. Environmental Assessment Procedure. Ministry of Housing, Municipalities and Environment, Manama.
28. Environment Protection and Safety Section Technical guideline number 4: Guidelines for preparation of environmental impact statement for new industrial premises. 1999;Environment Department, Dubai
29. Environment Protection and Safety Section Technical guideline number 53: Environmental impact assessment procedures. 1999;Environment Department, Dubai
30. EPA (Environment Protection Authority) Environmental planning and impact assessment department. 1999;Environment Protection Authority, Kuwait
31. ESCWA (Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) A study on the evaluation of environmental impact assessment in selected ESCWA countries. 2001;United Nations, New York
32. European Commission. Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land Use Planning in Lebanon [Online]. Available: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/ environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=SEARCH.CREATEPAGE and s_ref=LIFE00%20TCY/INT/021 and area=3 and yr=2000 and n_proj_id=1797 and CFID=42415 and CFTOKEN=20370841 [June 16, 2003], 2003.
33. Federal Law No. (24) for 1999 for the Protection and Development of the Environment in the United Arab Emirates, UAE Official gazette, Issue No. 340, Year 28, October 1999.
34. Feiltelson E. Some spatial aspects of environmental impact statements in Israel. Geoforum. 27(4):1996;527-537
35. Fuller K. Quality and quality control in environmental impact assessment. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 2:1999;55-82 Blackwell, Oxford
36. Glasson J., Salvador N.N.B. EIA in Brazil: a procedure-practice gap. A comparative study with reference to the European Union, and especially the UK. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 20:2000;191-225
37. Gonclaves M.E. Implementation of EIA directives in Portugal - how changes in civic culture are challenging political and administrative practice. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 22(3):2002;249-269
38. Haklay M., Feitelson E., Doytsher Y. The potential of a GIS-based scoping system: an Israeli proposal and case study. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 18(5):1998;439-459
39. IAIA (International Association for Impact Assessment). Background and Purpose of IAIA [online]. Available: http://www.iaia.org (June 10, 2003), 2003a.
40. IAIA (International Association for Impact Assessment). IAIA Newsletter July 2003b [online]. Available: http://www.iaia.org (March 8, 2004).
41. Israeli Environmental Bulletin. Environmental Impact Assessment in Israel [online]. Available: http://www.snunit.k12.il/www_teva_law/law_english.html [June 12th, 2003], 1998.
42. Kakonge J.O. Environmental impact assessment in Africa. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 1:1999;168-182 Blackwell, Oxford
43. Kayyal R., Hatem-Moussallem M., Nasreddine R. Environmental impact assessment system in Lebanon: an evaluation of the need for harmonizing the EIA policies in the ESCWA member states. Expert group meeting on the development of a harmonized regional EIA for ESCWA member states, Beirut, April 9-13:2001
44. Lee N., George C. Environmental Assessment in Developing and Transitional Countries. 2001;137-148 John Wiley and Sons, Chichester
45. Ministerial Order (9/90). Organization of Environmental Impact Assessment for Engineering and Industrial Projects, Kuwait.
46. Ministry of Environment. Environmental Legislation and Enforcement [online]. Available: http://www.english.sviva.gov.il [June 12th, 2003]; 1999a.
47. Ministry of Environment. Environmental Planning [online]. Available: http://www.english.sviva.gov.il [June 12th, 2003]; 1999b.
48. Ministry of Environment, no date. EIA Applications in Turkey with Legal Framework, Administrative and Technical Structure [online]. Available: http://www.citet.nat.tn/pdfs/eia-applications-in-turkey.pdf [June 11th, 2003].
49. National Information Center (NIC). Annex 1: National Environmental Impact Assessment for Jordan [online]. Available: http://www.environment.gov.jo/ agenda21/english/annex1.pdf [May 6, 2003], 1999.
50. Ortolano L. Controls on project proponents and environmental impact assessment effectiveness. Environ. Prof. 15:1993;352-363
51. Ortolano L., Jenkins B., Abracosa R. Speculations on when and why EIA is effective. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 7:1987;285-292
52. Palestinian National Authority Palestinian environmental assessment policy. 2000;Ministry of Environmental Affairs, Ramallah
53. Petts J. Environmental impact assessment - overview of purpose and practice. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 1:1999;3-11 Blackwell, Oxford
54. Petts J. Environmental impact assessment versus other environmental management decision tools. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 2:1999;1-9 Blackwell, Oxford
55. Petts J. Introduction to environmental impact assessment in practice: fulfilled potential or wasted opportunity? Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 2:1999;33-59 Blackwell, Oxford
56. Risse N., Crowley M., Vincke P., Waaub J.P. Implementing the European SEA directive: the member states' margin of discretion. Environ. Impact. Asses. Rev. 23(4):2003;453-470
57. Rzseszot U.A. Environmental impact assessment in Central and Eastern Europe. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 2:1999;123-142 Blackwell, Oxford
58. Wende W. Evaluation of the effectiveness and quality of environmental impact assessment in the Federal Republic of Germany. Impact Assess. Proj. Apprais. 20(2):2002;93-99
59. Wood 1999 Comparative evaluation of environmental impact assessment systems. Petts J. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. vol. 2:1999;10-34 Blackwell, Oxford
60. World Bank Forging a partnership for environmental action: An environmental strategy toward sustainable development in the Middle East and North Africa. 1994;Author, Washington, DC
61. World Bank. Middle East and North Africa Region Environment Strategy Update (Draft) [online]. Available: www.lnweb18.worldbank.org/mna/mena.nsf/ f34b224d37365b3f852567ee0068bd93/46bcc40bfb210a3a85256949006decce?OpenDocument [November15th, 2002]; 2001a.
62. World Bank.Environment Matters 2001 [online].Available:www.lnweb18. worldbank.org/mna/mena.nsf/f34b224d37365b3f852567ee0068bd93/ 46bcc40bfb210a3a85256949006decce?OpenDocument [August 20th, 2002]; 2001b.
63. World Bank Health sector support project in Djibouti: Environmental management plan (provisional version). 2002;Author, Washington, DC
64. World Bank. Islamic Republic of Iran-Environmental Management Support Program. Report Number PID11476 [online]. Available: http://www.wds.worldbank. org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/09/27/000094946_0209260416106/ Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf [May22, 2003]; 2003.