Formulating a general statistical model for Betula spp. invasion of lowland heath ecosystems

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 1031-1041

  Manning, P ^a,b,c   Putwain, P D ^b   Webb, N R ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Conservation management; Disturbance; Heathland; Safe site limitation; Seed limitation; State transition; Tree seedling recruitment

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL INVASION; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DISTURBANCE; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; HEATHLAND;

BETULA;

EID: 31344460605     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: 13652664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01088.x     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Anonymous (2001) S-Plus 6 for Windows User's Guide. Insightful, Seattle, WA.
2. Atkinson, M.D. (1992) Biological flora of the British Isles. Betula pendula Roth (B. verrucosa Ehrh.) and B. pubescens Ehrh. Journal of Ecology, 80, 837-870.
3. Bokdam, J. & Gleichman, J.M. (2000) Effects of grazing by free-ranging cattle on vegetation dynamics in a continental north-west European heathland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 415-431.
4. Briske, D.D., Fuhlendorf, S.D. & Smeins, F.E. (2003) Vegetation dynamics on rangelands: a critique of the current paradigms. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 601-614.
5. Bullock, J.M. & Webb, N.R. (1995) Responses to severe fires in heathland mosaics in southern England. Biological Conservation, 73, 207-214.
6. Chapman, S.B. (1967) Nutrient budgets for a dry heath ecosystem in the south of England. Journal of Ecology, 55, 677-689.
7. Chapman, S.B., Rose, R.J. & Basanta, M. (1989) Phosphorus adsorption by soils from heathlands in southern England in relation to successional change. Journal of Applied Ecology, 26, 673-680.
8. Chapman, S.B., Rose, R.J. & Clarke, R.T. (1989) A model of the phosphorus dynamics of Calluna heathland. Journal of Ecology, 77, 35-48.
9. Crawley, M.J. (2002) Statistical Computing: An Introduction to Data Analysis Using S+. Wiley, Chichester, UK.
10. Gong, W.K. & Gimingham, C.H. (1984) Birch regeneration in heath vegetation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 85B, 73-81.
11. Harrison, C.M. (1976) Heathland management in Surrey, England. Biological Conservation, 10, 21-220.
12. Hester, A.J., Miles, J. & Gimingham, C.H. (1991a) Succession from heather moorland to birch woodland. I. Experimental alteration of specific environmental conditions in the field. Journal of Ecology, 79, 303-315.
13. Hester, A.J., Miles, J. & Gimingham, C.H. (1991b) Succession from heather moorland to birch woodland. II. Growth and competition between Vaccinium myrtillus, Deschampsia flexuosa and Agrostis capillaris. Journal of Ecology, 79, 317-328.
14. Jones, C.G., Lawton, J.H. & Shachak, M. (1997) Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology. 78, 1946-1957.
15. Manning, P. (2002) Determinants of Betula spp. invasion of lowland heath. PhD Thesis. University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
16. Manning, P., Putwain, P.D. & Webb, N.R. (2004) Identifying and modelling the determinants of woody plant invasion of lowland heath. Journal of Ecology, 92, 868-881.
17. Marrs, R.H. (1986) The role of catastrophic death of Calluna in heathland dynamics. Vegetatio, 66, 109-115.
18. Miles, J. (1974) Experimental establishment of new species from seed in callunetum in north-east Scotland. Journal of Ecology, 62, 675-687.
19. Mitchell, R.J., Marrs, R.H., Le Duc, M.G. & Auld, M.H.D. (1997) A study of succession on lowland heaths in Dorset, southern England: changes in vegetation and soil chemical properties. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 1426-1444.
20. Mitchell, R.J., Marrs, R.H., Le Duc, M.G. & Auld, M.H.D. (1999) A study of the restoration of heathland on successional sites: changes in vegetation and soil chemical properties. Journal of Applied Ecology, 36, 770-783.
21. Petraitis, P.S. & Latham, R.E. (1999) The importance of scale in testing the origins of alternative community states. Ecology, 80, 429-442.
22. Pickess, B.P., Burgess, N.D. & Evans, C. (1992) The management of lowland heath from 1966 to 1989 at Arne nature reserve, Dorset, UK. Proceedings of The Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 114, 227-232.
23. Pole, D.H., Daniel, T.C., Sharpley, A.N., Moore, P.A., Edwards, D.R. & Nichols, D.J. (1996) Relating extractable soil phosphorus to phosphorus losses in runoff. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60, 855-859.
24. Rodwell, J.S. (1992) British Plant Communities. Volume 2. Mires and Heaths. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
25. Rose, R.J., Webb, N.R., Clarke, R.T. & Traynor, C.H. (1999) Changes on the heathlands in Dorset, England, between 1987 and 1996. Biological Conservation, 93, 117-125.
26. Rossi, R.E., Mualla, D.J., Jarne, A.G. & Franz, E.H. (1992) Geostatistical tools for modelling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence. Ecological Monographs, 62, 277-314.
27. Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J.A., Folke, C. & Walker, B. (2001) Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature, 413, 591-596.
28. Suding, K.N., Gross, K.L. & Houseman, G.R. (2004) Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 46-53.
29. Thompson, K., Bakker, J.P. & Bekker, R.M. (1997) The Soil Seedbanks of North West Europe: Methodology, Density and Longevity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
30. Watt, A.S. (1947) Pattern and process in the plant community. Journal of Ecology, 35, 1-22.
31. Wilson, J.B. & Agnew, A.D.Q. (1992) Positive-feedback switches in plant communities. Advances in Ecological Research, 23, 263-336.