Introduction: Civil society in Central Asia and the Caucasus

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 209-224

  Babajanian, Babken ^a   Freizer, Sabine ^a   Stevens, Daniel ^b  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

^b Westminster International University   (Uzbekistan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIL SOCIETY; STATE-LOCAL RELATIONS;

ASIA; CENTRAL ASIA; EURASIA;

EID: 31144478935     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: 14653354     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02634930500310287     Document Type: Editorial

References (60)

1. Central Asia Survey covers those territories and predominantly Muslim Irano-Turkic populations from western China to western Anatolia that share a common historical, ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage and in some cases communist experience. These are the republics of former Soviet Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Crimea, and the Muslim Ibero-Caucasian and Turkic peoples of the North Caucasus, Middle Volga and Urals whose territories are included in the Russian Federation. Also covered are Chinese Xinjiang, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Armenia and Georgia. Herewith in this edition we will nevertheless be concentrating on the seven countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus.
2. Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds, Conflict, Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
3. Neil MacFarlane, Western Engagement in the Caucasus and Central Asia (London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1999) pp 65-67;
4. Fiona Adamson, 'International democracy assistance in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan: Building civil society from the outside?', in Sarah Mendelson and John Glenn, eds, The Power and Limits of NGOs (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002);
5. Erica Weinthal and Pauline Jones Luong, 'Environmental NGOs in Kazakhstan: Democratic goals and nondemocratic outcomes', in Sarah Mendelson and John Glenn, eds, The Power and Limits of NGOs (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).
6. World Bank, The Europe and Central Asia CDD Strategy: Scaling Up Community-Driven Development in Europe and Central Asia (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000);
7. World Bank, Up-Scaling CDD: Strategy for Central Asia (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001);
8. World Bank, The Context for Community Driven Development in Central Asia: Local Institutions and Social Capital in Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002);
9. Stan Peabody, Kathleen Kuehnast and Sheetal Rana, Critical Issues for Scaling Up Community Driven Development in Central Asia (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003).
10. For example civil society is left unmentioned in Robert Ebel and Rajan Menon, eds, Energy and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000);
11. Gary Bertsch et al., eds, Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia (New York: Routledge, 2000);
12. Olga Oliker and Thomas Szayna, eds, Faultlines of Conflict: In Central Asia and the South Caucasus (Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2003);
13. Farian Sabahi and Daniel Warner, eds, The OSCE and the Multiple Challenges of Transition: The Caucasus and Central Asia (Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, 2004).
14. The first comprehensive book on the subject was undoubtedly Holt Ruffin and Daniel Waugh, eds, Civil Society in Central Asia (London: Center for Civil Society International; The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute at Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, John Hopkins University, in association with University of Washington Press, 1999).
15. Marlies Glasius, David Lewis and Hakan Seckinelgin, eds, Exploring Civil Society: Political and Cultural Contexts (Oxford: Routledge, 2004).
16. Sabine Freizer, 'Central Asian fragmented civil society: Communal and neoliberal forms in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan', in Marlies Glasius, David Lewis and Hakan Seckinelgin, eds, Exploring Civil Society: Political and Cultural Contexts (London: Routledge, 2004), pp 130-141.
17. Adam Michnik, 'The Rebirth of Civil Society', Public lecture presented at the LSE on 20 October, 1999.
18. See generally John Keane, Civil Society: Old Images, New Visions (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998);
19. Adam Seligman, 'Civil society as idea and ideal', in S. Chambers and W. Kymlicka, eds, Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992);
20. Andrew Arato and Jean Cohen, Civil Society and Political Theory (Boston, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992).
21. Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner, Yun-han Chu and Hung-mao Tien, eds, Consolidating the Third Wave Democracies (Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1997), p xxxi.
22. John Keane, Civil Society and the State (London: Verso, 1988), p 36.
23. Ernest Gellner, 'The importance of being modular', in John Hall, ed, Civil Society: Theory, History, Comparison (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995), p 42.
24. This is what helps differentiate neo-liberal civil society from what others have preferred to call liberal civil society. For while liberal perspectives on civil society are primarily concerned with increasing the accountability and responsiveness of state institutions, neo-liberal ones want to minimise the role of the state in political and economic spheres. See Glasius et al., op cit, Ref 7, p 6.
25. Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds, The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2nd edn (Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1996).
26. Leslie Salamon and Helmut Anheier, 'Social origins of civil society: explaining in the not for profit sector cross nationally', Voluntas, Vol 9, No 3, 1996, 213-248.
27. Chris Hann, 'In the church of civil society', in Glasius, op cit, Ref 7, pp 44-49;
28. Jude Howell and Jenny Pearce, Civil Society and Development: A Critical Exploration (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2002), pp 199-203;
29. Shirin Akiner, 'Prospects for civil society in Tajikistan', in A. Sajoo, ed, Civil Society in the Muslim World: Contemporary Perspectives (London: I.B. Tauris, 2002), pp 149-193;
30. Olivier Roy, 'Soviet Legacies and Western aid imperatives in the New Central Asia', in A. Sajoo, ed, Civil Society in the Muslim World: Contemporary Perspectives (London: I.B. Tauris, 2002), pp 123-148.
31. Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrot, eds Conflict Cleavage and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus
32. Such as the Popular Front in Azerbaijan; the Round Table in Georgia; Erk and Birlik in Uzbekistan, and Rastokhez, which became closely united with the Democratic Party in Tajikistan.
33. This is Alisher Ilkhamov's argument in this volume. In addition, see Vladimir Shlapentokh, Public and Private Life of the Soviet People Changing Values in Post-Stalin Russia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p 10;
34. Touraj Atabaki, 'The impediments to the development of civil societies', in Touraj Atabaki and John O'Kane, eds, Post Soviet Central Asia (London: Tauris, 1998), p 41;
35. Patricia Carley, 'The legacy of the Soviet political system and the prospects for developing civil society in Central Asia', in Vladimir Tismaneanu, ed, Political Culture and Civil Society in Russia and the New States of Eurasia (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1995);
36. Steven Fish, 'Russia's fourth transition', in Larry Diamond and Michael Plattner, eds, The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2nd edn (Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp 264-267;
37. Roger Kangas, 'State building and civil society in Central Asia', in Vladimir Tismaneanu, ed, Political Culture and Civil Society in Russia and the New States of Eurasia (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1995), p 274;
38. Richard Rose, 'Post-communism and the problem of trust', in Larry Diamond and Michael Plattner, eds, The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2nd edn (Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp 253-255.
39. See generally Mustapha Kamel al-Sayyid, 'The concept of civil society in the Arab World', in Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995);
40. Abdou Filali-Ansary, 'State, society and creed: Reflections on the Maghreb', in Civil Society in the Muslim World: Contemporary Perspectives (London: I.B. Tauris, 2002);
41. Hasan Hanafi, 'Alternative conceptions of civil society: A reflective Islamic approach', in C. Hann and E. Dunn, eds, Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002);
42. Masoud Kamali, Revolutionary Iran: Civil Society and State in the Modernization Process (Ashgate: Aldershot, 1998);
43. Muhammad Khatami, Islam, Dialogue and Civil Society (Canberra: Center for Arab and Islamic Studies, Austalian National University, 2000);
44. A. Sajoo, ed, Civil Society in the Muslim World: Contemporary Perspectives (London: I.B. Tauris, 2002).
45. Chris Hann and Elizabeth Dunn, eds, Civil Society: Challenging Western Models (London: Routledge, 1996), pp 14, 22.
46. Ibid.
47. Ashutosh Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002), p 46.
48. Paul Dekker and Andries van den Broek, 'Civil society in comparative perspective: Involvement in voluntary associations in North America and Western Europe', Voluntas, Vol 9, No 1, 1998, p 13.
49. Alison Van Rooy, ed, Civil Society and the Aid Industry (London: Earthscan, 2000).
50. On mahallas, in addition to the chapters herewith and texts referenced, see Marianne Kamp, 'Between women and the state: Mahalla committees and social welfare in Uzbekistan', in Pauline Jones Luong, ed, The Transformation of Central Asia: States and Societies from Soviet Rule to Independence (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004).
51. David Gzirishvili, Final Report on Situation Analysis of CBOs in Georgia (Tbilisi: Georgia, 2003).
52. 'Box 1.5. Al Quaeda', in Marlies Glasius, Mary Kaldor and Helmut Anheier, eds, Global Civil Society 2002 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp 24-26.
53. Deniz Kandiyoti, 'Post Soviet institutional design and rural livelihoods in Uzbekistan', mimeo, London, 2004, p 6.
54. This largely coincides with the publication of: Helmut Anheier, Marlies Glasius and Mary Kaldor, eds, Global Civil Society 2001 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
55. Other publications include: Louis Kriesberg, 'Social movements and global transformation', in Jackie Smith, Charles Chatfield and Ron Pagnucco, eds, Transnational Social Movements and Global Politics (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1997);
56. Alejandro Colas, International Civil Society (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002);
57. John Clark, ed, Globalizing Civic Engagement: Civil Society and Transnational Action (London: Earthscan, 2003);
58. Mary Kaldor, Global Civil Society: An Answer to War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003);
59. Helmut Anheier, Marlies Glasius and Mary Kaldor, eds, Global Civil Society 2004/5 (London: Sage, 2005).
60. Helmut Anheier, Marlies Glasius and Mary Kaldor, eds, Global Civil Society 2004/5 (London: Sage, 2005), p v.