A review of pneumocystis pneumonia

Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 5-9

  Lee, Stephanie A ^a  

^a CHRISTIANA CARE HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

HIV; Pneumocystis pneumonia; Side effects; Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ATOVAQUONE; CD4 ANTIGEN; CLINDAMYCIN; CORTICOSTEROID; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CREATININE; DAPSONE; DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; FOLINIC ACID; PENTAMIDINE; PREDNISONE; PRIMAQUINE; PYRIMETHAMINE; TRIMETREXATE;

ANEMIA; ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG TOLERANCE; FEVER; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE 1; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOTENSION; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; INFECTION PREVENTION; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; LIVER TOXICITY; META ANALYSIS; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEPHROTOXICITY; NEUTROPENIA; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PNEUMOCYSTIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI; PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA; RASH; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN ALLERGY; STEROID THERAPY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THROMBOCYTOPENIA;

EID: 31144472119     PISSN: 08971900     EISSN: 15311937     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0897190005284099     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Jain MK, Skiest DJ, Cloud JW, Jain CL, Burns D, Berggren RE. Changes in mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus infection: comparative analysis of inpatient deaths in 1995 and in 1999-2000. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:1030-1038.
2. Chagas C. Nova tripanosomiaze humana. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1909;1:159-218.
3. Edman JC, Kovacs JA, Masur H, Santi DV, Elwood HJ, Sogin ML. Ribosomal RNA sequence shows Pneumocystis carinii to be a member of the fungi. Nature. 1988;334:519-5222.
4. Stringer SL, Stringer JR, Blaser MA, Walzer PD, Cushion MT. Pneumocystis carinii: sequence from ribosomal RNA implies a close relationship with fungi. Exp Parasitol. 1989;68:450-461.
5. Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, Wakefield AE. A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:891-896.
6. Walzer PD, Perl DP, Krogstad DJ, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:83-93.
7. Pifer LL, Hughes WT, Stagno S, Woods D. Pneumocystis carinii infection: evidence for high prevalence in normal and immunosuppressed children. Pediatrics. 1978;61:35-41.
8. Wakefield AE, Pixley FJ, Banerji S, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii with DNA amplification. Lancet. 1990;336:451-453.
9. Keely SP, Stringer JR. Sequences of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. Hominis strains associated with recurrent pneumonia vary at multiple loci. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:2745-2747.
10. Keely SP, Stringer JR, Baughman RP, Linke MJ, Walzer PD, Smulian AG. Genetic variation among Pneumocystis carinii hominis isolates in recurrent pneumoncystosis. J Infect Dis. 1995;172:595-598.
11. Manoloff ES, Francioli P, Taffe P, van Melle G, Bille J, Hauser PM. Risk for Pneumocystis carinii transmission among patients with pneumonia: a molecular epidemiology study. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:132-134.
12. Phair J, Munoz A, Detels R, et al. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:161-165.
13. Kovacs JA, Gill VJ, Meshnick S, Masur H. New insights into transmission, diagnosis, and drug treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. JAMA. 2001;286:2450-2460.
14. Willocks L, Burns S, Cossar R, Brettle R. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a population of HIV-positive drug users, with particular reference to sputum and fluorescent antibody techniques. J Infect. 1993;26:257-264.
15. Kroe DM, Kirsch CM, Jensen WA. Diagnostic strategies for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect. 1997;12:70-78.
16. Jules-Elysee KM, Stover DE, Zaman MB, Bernard EM, White DA. Aerosolized pentamidine: effect on diagnosis and presentation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:750-757.
17. Benson CA, Kaplan JE, Masur H, Pau A, Holmes KK. Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:8131-8235.
18. Wharton JA, Coleman DL, Wofsy CB, et al. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole or pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:37-44.
19. Bozzette SA, Finkelstein DM, Spector SA, et al. A randomized trial of three antipneumocystis agents in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:693-699.
20. Sattler FR, Cowan R, Nielsen DM, Ruskin J. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with pentamidine for treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:280-287.
21. Safrin S, Finkelstein DM, Feinberg J, et al. Comparison of three regimens for treatment of mild to moderate Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:792-802.
22. Kovacs JA, Hiemenz JW, Macher AM, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:663-671.
23. Gordon FM, Simon GL, Wofsy CB, Mills J. Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:495-499.
24. Leoung GS, Stanford JF, Giordano MF, et al. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) dose escalation versus direct rechallenge for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with previous adverse reaction to TMP-SMX. J Infect Dis. 2001;184:992-997.
25. Gluckstein D, Ruskin J. Rapid oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX): use in prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS who were previously intolerant too TMP-SMX. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:849-853.
26. Edman JC, Edman U, Cao M, et al. Isolation and expression of the Pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86:8625-8629.
27. Lane BR, Ast JC, Hossler PA, et al. Dihydropteroate synthase polymorphisms in Pneumocystis carinii. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:482-485.
28. Kazanjian P, Armstrong W, Hossler PA, et al. Pneumocystis carinii mutations are associated with duration of sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis exposure in AIDS patients. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:551-557.
29. Smego RA, Nagar S, Maloba B, Mirjana P. A meta-analysis of salvage therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1529-1533.
30. Noskin GA, Murphy RL, Black JR, Phair JP. Salvage therapy with clindamycin/primaquine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;14:183-188.
31. Medina I, Mills J, Leoung G, et al. Oral therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:776-782.
32. Mills J, Leong G, Medina I, et al. Dapsone treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988;32:1057-1060.
33. Rosenberg DM, McCarthy W, Slavinsky J, et al. Atovaquone suspension for treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 2001;26:211-214.
34. Sattler FR, Frame P, Davis R, et al. Trimetrexate with leucovorin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for moderate to severe episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS: a prospective, controlled multicenter investigation of the AIDS clinical trials group protocol 029/031. J Infect Dis. 1994;170:165-172.
35. Montanter JSG, Lawson LM, Levitt N, Belzberg A, Schecter MT, Ruedy J. Corticosteroids prevent early deterioration in patients with moderately severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:14-20.
36. Gagnon S, Boota AM, Fischl MA, Baier H, Kirksey OW, La Voie L. Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1444-1450.
37. Bozzette SA, Sattler FR, Chiu J, et al. A controlled trial of early adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1451-1457.
38. Masur H, Meier P, McCutchan JA, et al. Special report: consensus statement on the use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1500-1504.
39. Shelburne SA, Hamill RJ, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: emergence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Medicine. 2002;81:213-227.
40. French MA, Lenzo N, John M, et al. Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2000;1:107-115.
41. Barry SM, Lipman MC, Deery AR, et al. Immune reconstitution pneumonitis following Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected subjects. HIV Med. 2002;3:207-211.
42. Koval CE, Gigliotti F, Nevins D, Demeter LM. Immune reconstitution syndrome after successful treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a man with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:491-493.