The thorny path of civil society in Uzbekistan

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 297-317

  Ilkhamov, Alisher ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIL SOCIETY; STATE-LOCAL RELATIONS;

ASIA; EURASIA; UZBEKISTAN; WEST ASIA;

EID: 31144468095     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: 14653354     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02634930500310378     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. This research does not cover religious organisations and movements or the media although it recognises them as important sub-sectors of civil society. Our attention is concentrated mostly around the non-profit sector and civic activities. As the main source of data the author used his own observations during his work as Executive Director of the Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation - Uzbekistan between December 2001 and March 2004.
2. Business Women's Association of the Republic of Uzbekistan (BWA), 'Tadbirkor Ayol', 2003.
3. http://www.usembassy.uz/home/index.aspx? 400
4. Pravda.Ru, 1 December 2003, http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2003/12/01/ 51582.html
5. http://www.ebrd.com/new/speeches/lemierre/am03open.htm.
6. IRINNesws.org, 7 April, 2004 http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=40459& SelectRegion=Central_Asia&SelectCountry=UZBEKISTAN.
7. For detailed analysis of this document see the ICNL report at: http://www.icnl.org/car/LibUZ.htm.
8. The author of this article, former Executive Director of the representative office of the Open Society Institute in Uzbekistan, was invited to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in December 2003 and told that the Foundation has no chance of passing through registration.
9. Analysis of this amendment was commissioned by the representative office of the Open Society Institute in Uzbekistan. For their safety we cannot disclose their names.
10. Source: Email-list Report of the Initiative Group of Independent Human Rights Activists of Uzbekistan (IGNPU), 13 April 2004.
11. Source: The Monitoring Report of the Human Rights Group (Initiative Group of Independent Human Rights Activists headed by Surat Ikramov); 13 April 2004.
12. The origins of the blasts and possible involvement of the national security forces have been questioned by a number of observers, including the author. See, for example: Alisher Ilkhamov, 'Mystery surrounds Tashkent explosions', Middle East Report Online, 15 April 2004, http://www.merip.org/mero/mero041504.html
13. The survey was conducted by the Research Agency 'Tahlil' at the NGO forum organised jointly by the Eurasia Foundation, Open Society Institute and other international organisations.
14. Dušan Ondrusek, ed, and associates, A Reader for Non-profit Organisations (Bratislava: Open Society Foundation, and Partners for Democratic Change - Slovakia, 2003), pp 90-91.
15. Lester M. Salamon, ed, The State of Nonprofit America (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2002), p 31.
16. Lester M. Salamon, Helmut K. Anheier, Regina List, Stefan Toepler, S. Wojciech Sokolowski and Associates, Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector (Baltimore, MD, The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, 1999), p 24.
17. M. Holt Ruffin, 'Introduction', in M. Holt Ruffin and Daniel Waugh, eds, Civil Society in Central Asia (Seattle, WA: Center for Civil Society International; The Central Asia - Caucasus Institute at Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, John Hopkins University; in association with University of Washington Press, 1999), p 12.
18. Morgan Y. Liu, 'Detours from Utopia on the Silk Road: Ethical dilemmas of neoliberal triumphalism', CESR Central Eurasian Studies Review, Vol 2, No 2, Spring 2003, http://cess.fas.harvard.edu/cesr/html/ CESR_02_2.html
19. M. Holt Ruffin, 'Introduction', in M. Holt Ruffin and Daniel Waugh, eds Civil Society in Central Asia 17, p 12.
20. Nations in Transit, 2003, Uzbekistan, p 638, http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/nitransit/2003/uzbekistan2003.pdf.
21. Daniel John Stevens, 'Conceptual travels along the Silk Road: On civil society aid in Uzbekistan', PhD dissertation, University of London, 2004, p 189, 192.
22. By a legally groundless decision of the court the activity of the spin-off NGO of Internews was suspended for 6 months. Source: http://www.freeuz.org, 26 October 2004.
23. Probably the most eloquent articulation of this point is made by Ernest Gellner who argues that economic decentralisation (i.e. the market) is essential for the civil society formation. See: E. Gellner, Conditions of Liberty. Civil Society and its Rivals (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994).
24. Ferghana.ru, 5 November 2004, http://news.ferghana.ru/ detail.php?id=2442002442.52,827,443912;
25. Press-release of the Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan, 'Ezgullik', No 30, November 2004.
26. Eric W. Sievers, The Post-Soviet Decline of Central Asia: Sustainable Development and Comprehensive capital (London: Routledge - Curzon, 2002), p 98.
27. Robert Putnam, 'Bowling alone: America's declining social capital', Journal of Democracy, Vol 6, No 1, 1995, pp 65-87.
28. Stuart Hall, David Held, Don Hubert and Kenneth Thompson, Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995), p 57.
29. Source: Briefings at EU and European parliament offices attended by the author in October 2004.
30. See on this matter: Stevens, op cit, Ref 21, p 190.
31. Own rough calculations of the author.
32. Jay Cooper, 'The real work: Sustaining NGO growth in Central Asia', in Ruffin and Waugh, op cit, Ref 17, p 226.
33. Stevens, op cit, Ref 21, p 104.
34. Karimov often reiterates that Uzbekistan is an following evolutionary way to democracy referring to the example of the West where the process of democratisation has taken two hundred years. See for instance: tribune-uz.info, 26 December 2004, http://www.tribune-uz.info/news/?id = 2712.
35. Alfred Schutz, The Phenomenology of the Social World (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1967);
36. Peter Berger and Thomas Luckman, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1966).
37. Jürgen Habermas, 'Civil society and the political public sphere', in Craig Calhoun et al., eds, Contemporary Sociological Theory (Oxford: Blackwell, 2002), pp 358-376.
38. Ibid, p. 358-359.
39. Pierre Bourdieu, 'Structures, habitus, practices', Contemporary Sociological Theory, pp 276-288.
40. Greta Lynn Uehling, 'The Crimean Tatars in Uzbekistan: Speaking with the dead and living homeland', Central Asian Survey, Vol 20, No 3, 2001, pp 391-404.
41. Richard Elovich, 'Self-empowerment: From collective understanding to action', Harm Reduction News, Vol 5, Spring 2004, p 4.
42. Habermas, op cit, Ref 35, p 366.
43. Gordon Marshall, Dictionary of Sociology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp 317-318.
44. It included Counterpart International, ICNL and Aid to Artisans.
45. Mark Granovetter, 'The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited', Sociological Theory, Vol 1, 1983, pp 203-204.
46. Adam Michnik, 'The new evolutionism', Survey, Summer-Autumn 1976, p 274.
47. Sources: Weekly Report of Events in the Mass Media of CIS States, Issue No 48, 9-15 December 2002, Center for Journalism in Extreme Situations, posted at: http://www.cjes.ru/bulletin/files/dang/2002/ dang_cis_en_48.doc
48. Progressive Movement, American History Online, http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1061.html
49. Jay Cooper, 'The real work: Sustaining NGO growth in Central Asia', in Ruffin and Waugh, op cit, Ref 17, pp 226-227.