Cardiac sarcoidosis

Heart

Volumn 92, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 282-288

  Doughan, Abdul R ^a   Williams, Byron R ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

15 (4 IODOPHENYL) 3 METHYLPENTADECANOIC ACID I 123; AMIODARONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GADOLINIUM PENTETATE; GALLIUM 67; METHOTREXATE; PREDNISONE; THALLIUM 201;

CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPLETE HEART BLOCK; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG USE; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART BLOCK; HEART DISEASE; HEART MUSCLE BIOPSY; HEART SARCOIDOSIS; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LUNG DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SARCOIDOSIS; SCINTIGRAPHY; TREATMENT INDICATION;

CARDIOLOGY; CARDIOMYOPATHIES; HUMANS; PROGNOSIS; SARCOIDOSIS;

EID: 31144453669     PISSN: 13556037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2005.080481     Document Type: Review

References (20)

1. Rybicki BA, Major M, Popovich J Jr, et al. Racial differences in sarcoidosis incidence: a 5-year study in a health maintenance organization. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:234-41. A report of racial differences in the incidence of sarcoidosis confirming the higher incidence of sarcoidosis in African Americans compared with whiles.
2. Silverman KJ, Hutchins GM, Bulkley BH. Cardiac sarcoid: a clinicopathologic study of 84 unselected patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Circulation 1978;58:1204-11. Landmark retrospective study looking at the incidence of ante-mortem clinical manifestations and post-mortem evidence of myocardial lesions in necropsied patients with sarcoidosis.
3. Schoppet M, Pankuweit S, Maisch B. Cardiac sarcoidosis: cytokine patterns in the course of the disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127:1207-10. This study describes the changes in cytokine expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells over a time of course or 12 months in a patient with cardiac sarcoidosis.
4. Roberts WC, McAllister HA Jr, Ferrans VJ. Sarcoidosis of the heart. A clinicopathologic study of 35 necropsy patients (group 1) and review of 78 previously described necropsy patients (group 11). Am J Med 1977;63:86-108. An excellent retrospective clinicopathologic study of 113 necropsy patients with cardiac sarcoidosis detailing prevalence, clinical manifestations, pathologic features, and prognosis.
5. Ferrans VJ, Hibbs RG, Black WC, et al. Myocardial degeneration in cardiac sarcoidosis: histochemical and electron microscopic studies. Am Heart J 1965;69:159-72. A unique study looking at the histochemical and electron microscopic features of myocardial degeneration in cardiac sarcoidosis.
6. Sekiguchi M, Numao Y, Imai M, et al. Clinical and histopathological profile of sarcoidosis of the heart and acute idiopathic myocarditis. Concepts through a study employing endomyocardial biopsy. I. Sarcoidosis. Jpn Circ J 1980;44:249-63. An early post-mortem study of hearts with confirmed sarcoidosis looking at the likelihood of diagnosing sarcoidosis on the basis of endomyocardial biopsy.
7. Hiraga H, Yuwai K, Hiroe M, et al. Guideline for diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis: study report on diffuse pulmonary diseases from the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. Tokyo: Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1993:23-24. These are the only guidelines available to date for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. They have been applied in multiple studies as gold standard; however, their significance has never been prospectively validated.
8. Burstow DJ, Tajik AJ, Bailey KR, et al. Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in systemic sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:478-82. This study suggests that two dimensional echocardiography is not sensitive enough to detect mild or small localised abnormalities, which may occur in the early stages of cardiac sarcoidosis.
9. Fields CL, Ossorio MA, Roy TM, et al. Thallium-201 scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of myocardial sarcoidosis. South Med J 1990;83:339-42. This clinical study illustrates the reversibility by dipyridamole of thallium-201 myocardial scan defects in patients with sarcoidosis and the resolution of these defects after steroid treatment.
10. Okayama K, Kurata C, Tawarahara K, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 and gallium-67 in cardiac sarcoidosis. Chest 1995;107:330-4. This study demonstrates that lack of gallium-67 uptake in the region with thallium-201 defect may indicate the lesion or myocardial involvement with sarcoidosis without active inflammation and predict a poor response to corticosteroid treatment.
11. Okumura W, Iwasaki T, Toyama T, et al. Usefulness of fasting 18F-FDG PET in identification of cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med 2004;45:1989-98. A direct comparison of the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET, technerium-99m, and gallium-67 SPECT in detecting lesions of cardiac sarcoidosis. This study showed that the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET was significantly higher than technetium-99m and gallium-67.
12. Le Guludec D, Menad F, Faraggi M, et al. Myocardial sarcoidosis. Clinical value of technetium-99m sestamibi tomoscintigraphy. Chest 1994;106:1675-82. This study supports the clinical usefulness of technetium-99m in patients with sarcoidosis for the detection of myocardial involvement. Technetium-99m results in larger abnormalities than rest thallium-201 and provides an objective means of assessment for the follow up of patients under treatment.
13. Kinney EL, Jackson GL, Reeves WC, et al. Thallium-scan myocardial defects and echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with sarcoidosis without clinical cardiac dysfunction. An analysis of 44 patients. Am J Med 1980;68:497-503. This study illustrates the low sensitivity of thallium-201 in detecting myocardial lesions in cardiac asymptomatic patients with systemic sarcoidosis.
14. Smedema JP, Snoep G, van Kroonenburgh MP, et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1083-90. This is the most recent and largest study analysing the accuracy of gadolinium enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.
15. Yazaki Y, Isobe M, Hiroe M, et al. Prognostic determinants of long-term survival in Japanese patients with cardiac sarcoidosis treated with prednisone. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:1006-10. This study determined the significant predictors of mortality in Japanese patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in improving clinical outcome.
16. Winters SL, Cohen M, Greenberg S, et al. Sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with sarcoidosis: assessment of the underlying cardiac anatomy and the prospective utility of programmed ventricular stimulation, drug therapy and an implantable antitachycardia device. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:937-43. This report represents the largest descriptive series of consecutive patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with sarcoidosis. Spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia was not prevented with corticosteroid administration.
17. Furushima H, Chinushi M, Sugiura H, et al. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia associated with cardiac sarcoidosis: its mechanisms and outcome. Clin Cardiol 2004;27:217-22. This is the first case series that demonstrates that ventricular tachycardia with cardiac sarcoidosis has different inducibility between the active and inactive phases in an electrophysiologic study. This makes corticosteroids ineffective for preventing ventricular arrhythmias.
18. Paz HL, McCormick DJ, Kutalek SP, et al. The automated implantable cardiac defibrillator. Prophylaxis in cardiac sarcoidosis. Chest 1994;106:1603-7. This review outlines the potential merits of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators as primary prevention in asymptomatic patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and as a bridge therapy until heart transplantation is considered.
19. Valentine HA, Tazelaar HD, Macoviak J, et al. Cardiac sarcoidosis: response to steroids and transplantation. J Heart Transplant 1987;6:244-50. A report of two cases of end stage cardiac sarcoidosis suggesting that heart transplantation may be performed without increased risk of recurrence of myocardial sarcoid lesions.
20. Oni AA, Hershberger RE, Norman DJ, et al. Recurrence of sarcoidosis in a cardiac allograft: control with augmented corticosteroids. J Heart Lung Transplant 1992;11:367-9. While earlier studies report that sarcoidosis does not recur in cardiac allografts, this case report describes the first patient in whom cardiac sarcoidosis recurred in the allograft six months after heart transplantation.