Rethinking 'cattle cults' in early Egypt: Towards a prehistoric perspective on the Narmer Palette

Cambridge Archaeological Journal

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 91-104

  Wengrow, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 31044433302     PISSN: 09597743     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0959774301000051     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. Adams, B., 1998. Something very special down in the élite cemetery. Nekhen News 10, 3-4.
2. Allchin, F.R., 1963. Neolithic Cattle-keepers of South India: a Study of the Deccan Ashmounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. Asselberghs, H., 1961. Chaos en Beheersing: documenten uit aeneolithisch Egypte. (Documenta et Monumenta Orientis Antiqui 8.) Leiden (NY): E.J. Brill.
4. Ayrton, E.R. & W.L.S. Loat, 1911. Pre-dynastic Cemetery at El Mahasna. (Egypt Exploration Fund Memoirs 31.) London: Egypt Exploration Fund.
5. Baines, J., 1989. Communication and display: the integration of early Egyptian art and writing. Antiquity 63, 471-82.
6. Baines, J., 1995. Origins of Egyptian kingship, in Ancient Egyptian Kingship, eds. D.B. O'Connor & D.P. Silvermann. Leiden (NY): E.J. Brill, 95-148.
7. Baumgartel, E., 1955. The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8. Baumgartel, E., 1960. The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt, vol. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Berger, M.A., 1992. Predynastic animal-headed boats from Hierakonpolis and southern Egypt, in Friedman & Adams (eds.), 107-20.
10. Binford, L.R., 1962. Archaeology as anthropology. American Antiquity 28, 217-25.
11. Bourdieu, P., 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Translated by R. Nice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Brunton, G., 1937. Mostagedda and the Tasian Culture. British Museum Expeditions to Middle Egypt 1928, 1929. London: Quaritch.
13. Brunton, G., 1948. Matmar. British Museum Expeditions to Middle Egypt, 1929-31. London: Quaritch.
14. Brunton, G. & G. Caton-Thompson, 1928. The Badarian Civilization and Prehistoric Remains Near Badati. (British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 46.) London: Quaritch.
15. Burgess, E.M. & A.J. Arkell, 1958. The reconstruction of a Hathor bowl. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 44, 6-11.
16. Burton, J.W., 1978. Ghost Marriage and the cattle trade among the Atuot of the Southern Sudan. Africa 48(4), 398-405.
17. Burton, J.W., 1980. The village and the cattle camp: aspects of Atuot religion, in Explorations in African Systems of Thought, eds. I. Karp & C.S. Bird, Bloomington (IN): Indiana University Press, 268-97.
18. Butzer, K.W., 1976. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: a Study in Cultural Ecology. Chicago (IL): University of Chicago Press.
19. Caneva, I., 1991. Prehistoric hunters, herders and tradesmen in Central Sudan: data from the Geili region, in Davies (ed.), 6-15.
20. Cauvin, J., 1994. Naissance des divinités. Naissance de l'agriculture. La Révolution des Symboles au Néolithique. Paris: CNRS Éditions.
21. Celenko, T., 1996. Egypt in Africa. Indianapolis (IN): Indianapolis Museum of Art.
22. Červíček, P., 1974. Felsbilder des Nord-Etbai, Oberägyptens und Unternubiens. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH.
23. Chenal-Vélardé, L, 1997. Le boeuf domestique en Afrique du Nord, in Animals and People in the Holocene of North Africa, ed. A. Gautier. (Archaeozoologica IX/ 1.2.) Grenoble: Éditions La Pensée Sauvage.
24. Cialowicz, K.M., 1991. Les palettes égyptiennes aux motifs zoomorphes et sans décoration: étude de l'art pré dynastique. Krakow: Uniwersytet Jagiellonski.
25. Clark, J.D., 1971. A re-examination of the evidence for agricultural origins in the Nile Valley. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 37, 34-79.
26. Clifford, J. & G.E. Marcus, 1986. Writing Culture: the Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press.
27. Comaroff, J. & J. Comaroff, 1992. Ethnography and the Historical Imagination. Oxford: Westview Press.
28. Coote, J., 1992. 'Marvels of everyday vision': the anthropology of aesthetics and the cattle-keeping Nilotes, in Anthropology, Art, and Aesthetics, eds. J. Coote & A. Shelton. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
29. Davies, W.V. (ed.), 1991. Egypt and Africa: Nubia from Prehistory to Islam. London: British Museum Press in association with the Egypt Exploration Society.
30. Davies, W.V. & R. Friedman, 1998. The Narmer Palette: a forgotten member. Nekhen News 10, 22.
31. Davis, W., 1992. Masking the Blow: the Scene of Representation in Late Prehistoric Egyptian Art. Berkeley (LA): University of California Press.
32. Debono, F. & B. Mortensen, 1988. The Predynastic Cemetery at Heliopolis. Season March-September 1950. Mainz am Rhein: Philip von Zabem.
33. Deng, F.M., 1972. The Dinka of the Sudan. New York (NY): Holt, Reinhart & Winston.
34. Donadoni Roveri, A., 1990. Gebelein, in Beyond the Pyramids: Egyptian regional art from the Museu Egizio, Turin, ed. G. Robins. Atlanta (GA): Emory University Museum of Art and Archaeology; Musco Egizo di Torino.
35. El Hadidi, N., 1982. The Predynastic flora of tne Hierakonpolis region, in Hoffman (ecu), 102-15.
36. Emery, W.B., 1961. Archaic Egypt. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
37. Evans-Pritchard, E.E., 1940. The Nuer: a Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
38. Evans-Pritchard, E.E., 1962. Anthropology and history, in Essays in Social Anthropology, by E.E. Evans-Pritchard. London: Faber & Faber, 46-65.
39. Fairservis, W., 1989. Cattle and archaic Egypt. The Review of Archaeology 10, 5-9.
40. Finkenstaedt, E., 1980. Regional painting style in prehistoric Egypt. Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 107, 116-20.
41. Firth, C.M. & J.E. Quibell, 1935. The Step Pyramid. Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale.
42. Fischer, H.G., 1962. The cult and nome of the Goddess Bat. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 1, 7-23.
43. Frankfort, H., 1948a. Kingship and the Gods. Chicago (IL): University of Chicago Press.
44. Frankfort, H., 1948b. Ancient Egyptian Religion: an Interpretation. New York (NY): Columbia University Press.
45. Frankfort, H., 1951. The Birth of Civilization in the Near East. Bloomington (IN): Indiana University Press.
46. Frazer, J.G., 1890. The Golden Bough: a Study in Comparative Religion. London: Macmillan.
47. Friedman, R. & B. Adams (eds.), 1992. The Followers of Horns: Studies Dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman. (Egyptian Studies Association Publication 2; Oxbow Monograph 20.) Oxford: Oxbow.
48. Gabra, S., 1930. Fouilles de Service des Antiquités à Deir Tasa. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte 30, 147-58.
49. Gautier, A., 1987. Prehistoric men and cattle in North Africa: a dearth of data and a surfeit of models, in Arid North Africa: Essays in Honor of Fred Wendorf, ed. A.E. Close. Dallas (TX): Southern Methodist University Press, 163-87.
50. Gell, A., 1998. Art and Agency: an Anthropological Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
51. Geus, F., 1991. Burial customs in the Upper Main Nile: an overview, in Davies (ed.), 57-73.
52. Goff, B.L., 1963. Symbols of Prehistoric Mesopotamia. New Haven (NJ): Yale University Press.
53. Goldwasser, O., 1995. From Icon to Metaphor: Studies in the Semiotics of the Hieroglyphs. (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 142.) Fribourg, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, University Press.
54. Gould, R.A. (ed.), 1978. Explorations in Ethnoarchaeology. Albuquerque (NM): University of New Mexico Press.
55. Gould, R.A. (ed.), 1980. Living Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
56. Groenewegen Frankfort, H.A., 1951. Arrest and Movement: an Essay on Space and Time in the Representational Art of the Ancient Near East. London: Faber & Faber.
57. Haaland, R., 198-7. Socio-economic Differentiation in the Neolithic Sudan. (BAR International Series 350, Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 20.) Oxford: BAR.
58. Haaland, R., 1992. Fish, pots and grain: early and mid-Holocene adaptations in the Central Sudan. African Archaeological Review 10, 43-64.
59. Haaland, R., 1993. Aqualithic sites of the Middle Nile. Azania 28, 47-86.
60. Hahn, E., 1896. Die Haustiere und ihre Beziehungen zur Wirtschaft des Menschen. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
61. Hall, E.S., 1986. The Pharaoh Smites his Enemies: a Comparative Study. (Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 44.) Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag.
62. Hassan, F., 1988. The Predynastic of Egypt. Journal of World Prehistory 2, 136-85.
63. Hassan, F., 1992. The mythogenesis of power in the early Egyptian state, in Friedman & Adams (eds.), 307-22.
64. Hendrickx, S., 1998. Peaux d'animaux comme symboles pré dynastiques. À propos de quelques représentations sur le vase White Cross-lined. Chronique d'Égypte 53, 203-30.
65. Hendrickx, S. & B. Midant-Reynes, 1988. Preliminary report on the Predynastic living site Maghara 2 (Upper Egypt). Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 19, 5-16.
66. Herskovits, M.J., 1926. The cattle complex in East Africa. American Anthropologist 28, 230-72, 361-88, 494-528, 633-64.
67. Hodder, I., 1982. The Present Past: an Introduction to Anthropology for Archaeologists. London: Batsford.
68. Hodder, I., 1986. Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
69. Hodder, I., 1990. The Domestication of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell.
70. Hodder, I. (ed.), 1996. On the Surface: Çatalhöyük 1993-95. (McDonald Institute Monograph; British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph 22.) Cambridge & London: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research & British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.
71. Hoffman, M., 1972. Occupational features at Kom el-Ahmar: test excavations at locality 14. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 9, 35-66.
72. Hoffman, M. (ed.), 1982. The Predynastic of Hierakonpolis - an Interim Report. (Egyptian Studies Association 1.) Oxford: Alden Press.
73. Hornung, E., 1982 [1971]. Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: the One and the Many (translated by J. Baines). London: Routledge &. Kegan Paul.
74. Ingold, T., 1994. From trust to domination: an alternative history of human-animal relations, in Manning & Serpell (eds.), 1-22.
75. Iversen, E. & Y. Shibata, 1975. Canon and Proportions in Egyptian Art. 2nd edition. Warminster: Aris & Phillips.
76. Jones, S., 1974. Men of Influence in Nuristan: a Study of Social Control and Dispute Settlement in Waigal Valley, Afghanistan. London: Seminar Press.
77. Kaiser, W., 1964. Einige Bemerkungen zur ägyptischen Frühzeit III. Die Reichseinigung. Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache 91, 86-125.
78. Kantor, H., 1944. The final phase of Predynastic culture. Gerzean or Semainean. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 3, 110-36.
79. Karageorghis, V., 1991. The Coroplastic Art of Ancient Cyprus. Nicosia: A.G. Leventis Foundation.
80. Kemp, B.J., 1989. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. London: Routledge.
81. Kramer, C. (ed.), 1979. Ethnoarchaeology: Implications of Ethnography for Archaeology. New York (NY); Columbia University Press.
82. Kramer, C., 1982. Village Ethnoarchaeology: Rural Iran in Archaeological Perspective. New York (NY): Academic Press.
83. Krzyzaniak, L., 1991. Early farming in the Middle Nile Basin: recent discoveries at Kadero (Central Sudan). Antiquity 65, 515-32.
84. Landström, B., 1970. Ships of the Pharaohs: 4000 Years of Egyptian Shipbuilding. London: Allen & Unwin.
85. Layard, J., 1942. Stone Men of Malekula: Vao. London: Chatto & Windus.
86. Lecointe, Y., 1987. Le site néolithique d'El Ghaba: deux années d'activité (1985-86). Archéologie du Nil Moyen 2, 69-87.
87. Lienhardt, G., 1961. Divinity and Experience: the Religion of the Dinka. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
88. Lythgoe, A.M. & D. Dunham, 1965. The Predynastic Cemetery N7000, Naga-ed-Dêr, part IV. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press.
89. Mair, L., 1985. The cattle complex. Correspondence to Man 20(4), 743.
90. Majer, J., 1992. The eastern desert and Egyptian prehistory, in Friedman & Adams (eds.), 227-34.
91. Mallowan, M.E.L. & J.C. Rose, 1935. Excavations at Tell Arpachiyah, 1933. Iraq 2, 1-178.
92. Manning, A. & J. Serpell (eds.), 1994. Animals and Human Society. London: Routledge.
93. Mellaart, J., 1967. Çatal Hüyük: a Neolithic Town in Eastern Anatolia. London: Thames & Hudson.
94. Mellink, M.J. & J. Filip, 1974. Frühe Stufen der Kunst. (Propyläen Kunstgeschichte 13.) Berlin: Propyläen.
95. Midant-Reynes, B., 1992. Préhistoire de l'Egypte: Des Premiers Hommes aux Premiers Pharaons. Paris: Armand Colin.
96. Midant-Reynes, B., N. Bunchez, E. Crebézy & T. Janin, 1996. The predynastic site of Adaima: settlement and cemetery, in Aspects of Early Egypt, ed. A.J. Spencer. London: British Museum, 93-7.
97. Millet, N.B., 1990. The Narmer Macehead and related objects. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 27, 53-9.
98. Mond, R. & O.H. Myers, 1937. Cemeteries of Armant I (two volumes). London: Egypt Exploration Society.
99. Morgan, L.H., 1877. Ancient Society: Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery, through Barbarism to Civilization. London: Macmillan.
100. Morris, D., 1985. The Art of Ancient Cyprus: with a Check-list of the Author's Collection. Oxford: Phaidon (in association with Cape.)
101. Murray, M.A., 1956. Burial customs and beliefs in the hereafter in Predynastic Egypt. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 42, 86-96.
102. Needler, W., 1984. Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in the Brooklyn Museum. New York (NY): The Brooklyn Museum.
103. Okely, J. & H. Callaway, 1992. Anthropology and Autobiography. (ASA Monograph 29.) London: Routledge.
104. Paddaya, K., 1973. Investigations into the Neolithic Culture of the Shorapur Doab, South India. Leiden (NY): E.J. Brill.
105. Payne, J.C., 1993. Catalogue of the Predynastic Egyptian Collection in the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
106. Petrie, W.M.F., 1901. Diospolis Parva: the Cemeteries of Abadiyeh and Hu 1898-9. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.
107. Petrie, W.M.F., 1920. Prehistoric Egypt. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt & Bernard Quaritch.
108. Petrie, W.M.F., 1921. Corpus of Prehistoric Pottery and Palettes. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt; Constable; Bernard Quaritch.
109. Petrie, W.M.F., 1953. Ceremonial Slate Palettes and Corpus of Predynastic Pottery. London: Egyptian Research Account.
110. Petrie, W.M.F. & J.E. Quibell, 1896. Naqada and Ballas 1895. (British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account 1.) London: Bernard Quaritch.
111. Petrie, W.M.F., G.A. Wainwright & E. Mackay, 1912. The Labyrinth, Gerzeh, and Mazghuneh. London: School of Archaeology in Egypt & Bernard Quaritch.
112. Quibell, J.E., 1898. Slate palette from Hieraconpolis. Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache 36, 81-6.
113. Quibell, J.E., 1904-5. Archaic Objects. (Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire.) Cairo: Impr. de l'Institut Français d'Archaéologie Orientale.
114. Randall-MacIver, D. & A.C. Mace, 1902. El Amrah and Abydos 1899-1901. (Egypt Exploration Fund Memoirs 23.) London: Egypt Exploration Fund.
115. Reinold, J., 1987. Les fouilles pré- et proto-historiques de la Section Française de la Direction des Antiquités du Soudan: les campagnes 1984-85 et 1985-86. Archeologie du Nil Moyen 2, 17-60.
116. Reinold, J., 1991. Néolithique Soudanais: Les Coutumes Funéraires, in Davies (ed.), 16-29.
117. Reisner, G.A., 1910. Archaeological Survey of Nubia: Report for 1907-1908. Cairo: Ministry of Finance, Survey Department.
118. Resch, W.F.E., 1967. Die Felsbilder Nubiens. Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt.
119. Rice, M., 1998. The Power of the Bull. London: Routledge.
120. Robertson Smith, W., 1889. Lectures on the Religion of the Semites. Edinburgh: Black.
121. Robins, G., 1994. Proportion and Style in Ancient Egyptian Art. London: Thames & Hudson.
122. Scamuzzi, E., 1965. Egyptian Art in the Egyptian Museum of Turin. New York (NY): Harry N. Abrams Inc.
123. Scharff, A., 1926. Die archäologischen Ergebnisse des vorgeschichtlichen Gräberfeldes von Abusir el-Meleq. Leipzig: Hinrichs.
124. Scharff, A., 1929. Die Altertümer der Vor- und Frühzeit. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Mitteilungen aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung V. Berlin: Karl Curtis.
125. Schmidt, P.W., 1940. Der Ursprung der Gottesidee VII: die Afrikanischen Hirtenvölker - Hamiten und Hamitoiden. Münster: Aschendorff.
126. Schwabe, C., 1994. Animals in the ancient world, in Manning & Serpell (eds.), 36-58.
127. Seligman, C.G., 1914. Some Aspects of the Hamitic Problem in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
128. Seligman, C.G., 1932. Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan. London: Routledge.
129. Seligman, C.G., 1934. Egypt and Negro Africa: a Study in Divine Kingship. London: Routledge.
130. Sethe, K., 1930. Urgeschichte und älteste Religion der Ägypter. (Abhandlung für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 18(4).) Leipzig: Deutsche morgenländische Gesellschaft.
131. Sherratt, A., 1997. Troy, Maikop, Altyn Depe: Early Bronze Age urbanism and its periphery, in Economy and Society in Prehistoric Europe: Changing Perspectives, ed. A. Sherratt. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
132. Smith, H.S., 1991. The development of the 'A-Group' culture in Northern Lower Nubia, in Davies (ed.), 92-111.
133. Smith, H.S., 1992. The making of Egypt: a review of the influence of Susa and Sumer on Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th millennium BC, in Friedman & Adams, 235-46.
134. Strathern, A., 1971. The Rope of Moka: Big Men and Ceremonial Exchange in Mount Hagen, New Guinea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
135. Tapper, R., 1979. Pasture and Politics: Economics, Conflict, and Ritual among Shahsevan Nomads of Northwestern Iran. London: Academic Press.
136. Todd, I.A., 1978. Çatal Hüyük in Perspective. Menlo Park: Cummings.
137. Trigger, B., 1983. The rise of Egyptian Civilization, in Ancient Egypt: a Social History, by B.G. Trigger et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-70.
138. Ucko, P.J., 1969. Ethnography and archaeological interpretation of funerary remains. World Archaeology 1(2), 262-80.
139. Ucko, P.J. & H.W.M. Hodges, 1963. Some Predynastic Egyptian figurines: problems of authenticity. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 26, 205-22.
140. von Oppenheim, M.F., 1943. Tell Halaf. Erster Band: die prähistorischen Funde. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
141. Walker, A.R., 1986. The Toda of South India: a New Look. Delhi: Hindustan Publishing Corporation.
142. Watkins, T., 1996. The origins of the household in north Mesopotamia, in Houses and Households in Ancient Mesopotamia, ed. K.R. Veenhof. (Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul 78.) Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul.
143. Wendorf, F., & R. Schild, 1998, Nabta Playa and its role in northeastern African prehistory. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 17(2), 97-123.
144. Wengrow, D., 1998. 'The changing face of clay': continuity and change in the transition from village to urban life in the Near East. Antiquity 72, 783-95.
145. Wengrow, D., 1999. The intellectual adventure of Henri Frankfort: a missing chapter in the history of archaeological thought. American Journal of Archaeology 103, 597-613.
146. Wetterstrom, W., 1993. Foraging and farming in Egypt: the transition from hunting and gathering to horticulture in the Nile Valley, in The Archaeology of Africa: Food, Metals and Towns, eds. T. Shaw et al. (One World Archaeology Series 20.) London: Routledge, 165-226.
147. Wilkinson, T.A.H., 1999. Early Dynastic Egypt. London: Routledge.
148. Williams, B., 1986. The A-group Royal Cemetery at Qustul: Cemetery L. Excavations between Abu Simbel and the Sudan frontier 1. Chicago (IL): Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
149. Williams, B., 1988. Decorated Pottery and the Art of Naqada III: a Documentary Essay. (Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 45.) Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag.
150. Winter, E., 1994. Wer steht hinter Narmer?, in Zwischen den beiden Ewigkeiten. Festschrift Gertrud Thausing, eds. M. Bietak, J. Holaubek, H. Mukarovsky & H. Satzinger. Vienna: Eigenverlag des Institutes für Ägyptologie der Universität Wien, 279-90.