Resiliency or change? The contemporary Canada-US border

Geopolitics

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 767-790

  Nicol, Heather ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WEST GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BORDER REGION; GEOPOLITICS;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 30944439647     PISSN: 14650045     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14650040500318597     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. See David Newman and Anssi Passi, 'Fences and Neighbours in the Postmodern World: Boundary Narratives in Political Geography', Progress in Human Geography 22/2 (1998) pp.186-207
2. Geróid Ó Tuathail, Andrew Herod and Susan Roberts (eds), An Unruly World: Globalization, Governance and Geography (London: Routledge 1998);
3. and Geróid Ó Tuathail, 'De-territorialized Threats and Global Dangers: Geopolitics and Risk Society', Geopolitics 1/3 (1998) pp.17-31.
4. While this is now a commonly held position, Benjamin Barber's 1995 text, Jihad versus McWorld (New York: Times Warner 1995) was a benchmark study establishing the simultaneously divisive and integrative effects of globalisation.
5. See Yue-man Yeung, 'The Promise and Peril of Globalization', Progress in Human Geography 22/4 (1998) pp.475-7.
6. Ibid.
7. See Walter Mattli, The Logic of Regional Integration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999).
8. Malcolm Anderson, The Political Science of Frontiers' Borders and Border Regions in Europe and North America, ed. by Paul Ganster, Alan Sweedler, James Scott and Wolf Dieter Eberwein (San Diego: San Diego State University Press 1997), p.29.
9. Ibid.
10. See Victor Konrad, 'Borderlines and Borderlands in the Geography of North American Relations', in Stephen J. Randall and Herman Konrad (eds), NAFTA in Transition (Calgary: University of Calgary Press 1995), pp.172-92.
11. Mathew Coleman, 'Debordering or Rebordering? The US-Mexico Border Post-September 11', paper presented to Meeting at the Borders, Atlanta, GA, 24-26 May 2002.
12. Ibid.
13. See Simon Dalby, 'Globalization and Global Apartheid, Boundaries and Knowledge in Postmodern Times', Geopolitics 3/2 (1998) pp.132-50
14. Stanley D. Brunn et al., 'The Geopolitics of Life and Living: Where Boundaries Still Matter', in Heather N. Nicol and Ian Townsend Gault (eds), Holding the Line (Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press 2005);
15. see Newman and Passi, 'Fences and Neighbours' (note 1);
16. Pertti Joenniemi and Jevgenia Viktorova, Regional Dimensions of Security in Border Areas of Northern and Eastern Europe (Tartu: Peipsi CTC 2001);
17. James Scott, 'Dutch-German Euroregions: A Model for Transboundary Cooperation', in Paul Ganster, Alan Swedler, James Scott and Wolf Dieter Eberwein (eds), Borders and Border Regions in Europe and North America (San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Press 1997).
18. See, for example, Paul Ganster, 'On the Road to Interdependence? The United-States-Mexico Border Region', in Ganster et al. (note 11),
19. or Paul Ganster, Integration and Exclusion in a New Security Context (New York: Routledge 2003).
20. Roger Gibbins, 'Meaning and Significance of the Canadian-American Border', in Ganster et al (note 11).
21. See David Newman, in Nicol and Gault From the International to the Local in the Study and Representation of Boundaries: Theoretical and Methodological Comments (note 11);
22. and Newman and Passi, 'Fences and Neighbours' (note 1).
23. Gibbens (note 13) p.315.
24. James Anderson made these comments in his keynote talk at the 'Communicating Borders' symposium in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, September 2002.
25. Peter Andreas, 'A Tale of Two Borders: The U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico Lines after 9-11', in Peter Andreas and Thomas J. Biersteker (eds), The Rebordering of North America: Integration and Exclusion in a New Security Context (New York: Routledge 2003).
26. Ibid.
27. See Victor Konrad and Heather Nicol, 'Boundaries and Corridors: Rethinking the Canada-United States Borderlands in the Post 9/11 Era', paper presented to the CNS-ACSUS Colloquium 'Convergence and Divergence', Harbour Centre Campus, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada, 29-30 October 2004.
28. See Athanasios Hristoulas, 'Trading Places: Canada, Mexico and North American Security', in Andreas and Biersteker (note 17);
29. or Andreas (note 17).
30. See Newman and Passi, 'Fences and Neighbours' (note 1).
31. See Desmond Dinan, Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner 1999).
32. Government of Canada. Managing Relations in Light of the New Security Environment, .
33. Randall and Konrad (note 8) p.5
34. Ibid.
35. See James Gerber and William A. Kerr, 'Trade as an Agency of Social policy: NAFTA's Schizophrenic Role in Agriculture', in Randall and Konrad (note 8).
36. See Konrad and Nicol (note 19).
37. Canadian Association of Importers and Exporters, 'Moving Goods Across Borders in the NAFTA Territory', Logistics Quarterly 6/4 (2000), p.1.
38. Ibid.
39. See Government of Canada: The Joint Border Agreement - the Canada-US Accord on Our Shared Border, 1995, and Government of Canada, Canada-US Smart Border Declaration: Action Plan for Creating a Secure and Smart Border, December 2001, .
40. Ibid.
41. See Konrad and Nicol (note 19).
42. Weintraub (note 27).
43. See Andreas (note 17),
44. Konrad and Nicol (note 19).
45. Mattli (note 5).
46. Ibid.
47. University of Pittsburgh, International Business Center. 'NAFTA Fosters Successful Trade Partnership Between Nations', 1997, .
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. See comments made by US Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter in Mattli (note 5) p.185.
51. See Heather Nicol, 'Canada, the US and Cuba: Helms Burton and Its Aftermath', Martello Paper 21 (Kingston: Queens University Center for International Relations 1989).
52. Timothy Luke and Geróid Ó Tuathail, 'Global Flomations, Local Fundamentalisms and Fast Geopolitics: America in an Accelerating World Order', in Ó Tuathail, Herod and Roberts (note 1).
53. Manuel Castells, The Informational City: Information Technology, Economic Restructuring and the Urban Regional Process (Oxford: Blackwells 1989).
54. Many studies have confirmed this observation, but for a geopolitical assessment see Nicol (note 42).
55. Government of Canada, 'Our Shared Border: Facilitating the Movement of Goods and People in a Security Environment', The Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce, Interim Report, Chair: The Honourable E. Leo Kolber, Deputy Chair: The Honourable David Tkachuk, 2002 .
56. Weintraub (note 27).
57. Daniel Franczis, National Dreams: Myth, Memory and Canadian History (Vancouver, BC: Arsenal Pulp Press 1997).
58. Ibid., p.54.
59. Andrew Cohen, 'Canada's Foreign Policy: The Outlook for the Second Mulroney Mandate', in J.L. Granetstein (ed.), Towards a New World, Readings in the History of Canadian Foreign Policy (Toronto, ON: Copp Clark Pittman 1992), p.282.
60. Mattli (note 5).
61. Tom Keating, 'Thinking Globally, Acting Regionally: Assessing Canada's Response to Regionalism', in Donald Barry and Ronald C. Keith (eds), Regionalism, Multilateralism and the Politics of Global Trade (Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press 1999), p.216.
62. For a general discussion of Canada's commitment to multilateralism see Nicol (note 42).
63. John Britton, Canada and the Global Economy (Montreal, QC: McGill Queen's Press 1996), p.3.
64. Keating (note 52) p.216.
65. Recently, former Prime Minister Jean Chretien modified the metaphor - noting that Mexico was also a 'mouse', and that now the two mice could 'wake each other' when the elephant rolled.
66. Cohen (note 50).
67. Randall and Konrad (note 7).
68. Mattli (note 5) p.184.
69. Ibid.
70. Michael Hart and Bill Dymond, 'Common Border and Shared Destinies: Canada, the United States and Deepening Integration', .
71. Again see Government of Canada, Shared Border (note 27).
72. Ibid.
73. Government of Canada. Transport Canada, 'New Initiatives to Enhance Airport Security', October 11, 2001, .
74. Ibid.
75. Government of Canada. Transport Canada (note 63).
76. Canada-US Smart Border Declaration: Action Plan for Creating a Secure and Smart Border, .
77. Seattle-Post Intelligencer Washington Bureau, 6 December 2001.
78. Managing Relations in Light of the New Security Environment, .
79. Ibid.
80. Konrad (note 8) p.181.
81. Anderson (note 6) p.29.
82. Ibid.
83. Didier Bigo, 'Security, Borders and the State', in Ganster et al. (note 6).