메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 969-988

Why are the returns to schooling higher for women than for men?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EDUCATION; WOMENS EMPLOYMENT;

EID: 30944438029     PISSN: 0022166X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3368/jhr.xl.4.969     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (133)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 21144468706 scopus 로고
    • "The Demand for and Return to Education when Education Outcomes are Uncertain"
    • Altonji, Joseph G. 1993. "The Demand for and Return to Education when Education Outcomes are Uncertain." Journal of Labor Economics 11(1, part 1):48-83
    • (1993) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.11 , Issue.1 PART 1 , pp. 48-83
    • Altonji, J.G.1
  • 2
    • 0029541631 scopus 로고
    • "The Effects of High School Curriculum on Education and Labor Market Outcomes"
    • Altonji, Joseph G. 1995. "The Effects of High School Curriculum on Education and Labor Market Outcomes." Journal of Human Resources 30(3):409-38.
    • (1995) Journal of Human Resources , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 409-438
    • Altonji, J.G.1
  • 3
    • 77956739155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Race and Gender in the Labor Market"
    • ed. Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Altonji, Joseph G., and Rebecca M. Blank. 1999. "Race and Gender in the Labor Market." In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol 3 ed. Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, 3143-3259. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics , vol.3 , pp. 3143-3259
    • Altonji, J.G.1    Blank, R.M.2
  • 4
    • 84925930905 scopus 로고
    • "Gender, College Major, and Earnings"
    • Angle, John, and David A. Wissman. 1981. "Gender, College Major, and Earnings." Sociology of Education 54:25-33
    • (1981) Sociology of Education , vol.54 , pp. 25-33
    • Angle, J.1    Wissman, D.A.2
  • 7
    • 0001529077 scopus 로고
    • "Trends in Earnings Differentials by Gender"
    • Blau, Francine D., and Andrea H. Beller. 1988. "Trends in Earnings Differentials by Gender." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 41(4):513-29.
    • (1988) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 513-529
    • Blau, F.D.1    Beller, A.H.2
  • 8
    • 0008539194 scopus 로고
    • "Race and Gender Pay Differentials"
    • ed. David Lewin, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Peter D. Sherer, Madison, Wis.: Industrial Relations Research Association
    • Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn. 1992. "Race and Gender Pay Differentials." In Research Frontiers in Industrial Relations and Human Resources ed. David Lewin, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Peter D. Sherer, 381-415. Madison, Wis.: Industrial Relations Research Association
    • (1992) Research Frontiers in Industrial Relations and Human Resources , pp. 381-415
    • Blau, F.D.1    Kahn, L.M.2
  • 9
    • 0039176437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Swimming Upstream: Trends in the Gender Wage Differential in the 1980s"
    • Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn. 1997. "Swimming Upstream: Trends in the Gender Wage Differential in the 1980s." Journal of Labor Economics 15(1, part 1):1-42
    • (1997) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.15 , Issue.1 PART 1 , pp. 1-42
    • Blau, F.D.1    Kahn, L.M.2
  • 11
    • 0001544753 scopus 로고
    • "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates"
    • Blinder, Alan S. 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates." Journal of Human Resources 8(4):436-55.
    • (1973) Journal of Human Resources , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 436-455
    • Blinder, A.S.1
  • 12
    • 0040955214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Sex-Based Differences in School Content and the Male-Female Wage Gap"
    • Brown, Charles, and Mary Corcoran. 1997. "Sex-Based Differences in School Content and the Male-Female Wage Gap." Journal of Labor Economics 15(3, part 1):431-65.
    • (1997) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.15 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 431-465
    • Brown, C.1    Corcoran, M.2
  • 13
    • 77956818970 scopus 로고
    • "The Economic Analysis of Labor Market Discrimination: A Survey"
    • ed. Orley Ashenfelter and Richard Layard, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers
    • Cain, Glen G. 1986. "The Economic Analysis of Labor Market Discrimination: a Survey." In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol 1, ed. Orley Ashenfelter and Richard Layard, 693-785. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.
    • (1986) Handbook of Labor Economics , vol.1 , pp. 693-785
    • Cain, G.G.1
  • 14
    • 31344442775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings"
    • ed. Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, New York: Elsevier
    • Card, David. 1999. "The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings." In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3, ed. Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, 1801-63. New York: Elsevier.
    • (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics , vol.3 , pp. 1801-1863
    • Card, D.1
  • 15
    • 0003288507 scopus 로고
    • "The Earnings of Women and Ethnic Minorities, 1959-1979"
    • Carlson, Leonard A., and Caroline Swartz. 1988. "The Earnings of Women and Ethnic Minorities, 1959-1979." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 41(4):530-46.
    • (1988) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 530-546
    • Carlson, L.A.1    Swartz, C.2
  • 16
    • 84937307743 scopus 로고
    • "Do Delays in Marriage and Childbirth Affect Earnings?"
    • Chandler, Timothy D., Yoshinori Kamo, and James D. Werbel. 1994. "Do Delays in Marriage and Childbirth Affect Earnings?" Social Science Quarterly 75(4):838-53.
    • (1994) Social Science Quarterly , vol.75 , Issue.4 , pp. 838-853
    • Chandler, T.D.1    Kamo, Y.2    Werbel, J.D.3
  • 17
    • 84937311056 scopus 로고
    • "Gender Earnings Differentials in Total Pay, Base Pay, and Contingent Pay"
    • Chauvin, Keith W., and Ronald A. Ash. 1994. "Gender Earnings Differentials in Total Pay, Base Pay, and Contingent Pay." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 47(4):634-49.
    • (1994) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 634-649
    • Chauvin, K.W.1    Ash, R.A.2
  • 18
    • 1542768818 scopus 로고
    • "Sex Differences in Compensation"
    • Cohen, Malcolm S. 1971. "Sex Differences in Compensation." Journal of Human Resources 6(4):434-47.
    • (1971) Journal of Human Resources , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 434-447
    • Cohen, M.S.1
  • 19
    • 0001966202 scopus 로고
    • "Work History, Labor Force Attachment, and Earnings Differences between the Races and Sexes"
    • Corcoran, Mary, and Greg J. Duncan. 1979. "Work History, Labor Force Attachment, and Earnings Differences between the Races and Sexes." Journal of Human Resources 14(1):3-20.
    • (1979) Journal of Human Resources , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-20
    • Corcoran, M.1    Duncan, G.J.2
  • 20
    • 0000057252 scopus 로고
    • "On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials"
    • Cotton, Jeremiah. 1988. "On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials." Review of Economics and Statistics 70(2):236-43.
    • (1988) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 236-243
    • Cotton, J.1
  • 21
    • 0039562113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Gender Differences in the Effect of Education on the Slope of the Experience-Earnings Profiles"
    • Duncan, Kevin C. 1996. "Gender Differences in the Effect of Education on the Slope of the Experience-Earnings Profiles." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 55(4):457-71.
    • (1996) American Journal of Economics and Sociology , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 457-471
    • Duncan, K.C.1
  • 22
    • 84925900116 scopus 로고
    • "Sexual Inequalities and Socioeconomic Achievement in the U.S., 1962-1973"
    • Featherman, David L., and Robert M. Hauser. 1976. "Sexual Inequalities and Socioeconomic Achievement in the U.S., 1962-1973." American Sociological Review 41(3):462-83.
    • (1976) American Sociological Review , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 462-483
    • Featherman, D.L.1    Hauser, R.M.2
  • 23
    • 84977337014 scopus 로고
    • "Are Estimates of Sex Discrimination by Employers Robust? The Use of Never-Marrieds"
    • Fishback, Price C., and Joseph V. Terza. 1989. "Are Estimates of Sex Discrimination by Employers Robust? The Use of Never-Marrieds." Economic Inquiry 27(2):271-85.
    • (1989) Economic Inquiry , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-285
    • Fishback, P.C.1    Terza, J.V.2
  • 24
    • 0008539504 scopus 로고
    • "Women's Pay in Great Britain, Australia, and the United States: The Role of Laws, Regulations, and Human Capital"
    • ed. Robert T. Michael, Heidi I. Hartmann, and Brigid O'Farrell, Washington D.C.: National Academy Press
    • Gregory, Robert G., Roslyn Anstie, Anne Daly, and Vivian Ho. 1989. "Women's Pay in Great Britain, Australia, and the United States: the Role of Laws, Regulations, and Human Capital." In Pay Equity: Empirical Inquiries, ed. Robert T. Michael, Heidi I. Hartmann, and Brigid O'Farrell, 222-42. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press
    • (1989) Pay Equity: Empirical Inquiries , pp. 222-242
    • Gregory, R.G.1    Anstie, R.2    Daly, A.3    Ho, V.4
  • 25
    • 0001245440 scopus 로고
    • "Changes in College Skills and the Rise in the College Wage Premium"
    • Grogger, Jeff, and Eric Eide. 1995. "Changes in College Skills and the Rise in the College Wage Premium." Journal of Human Resources 30(2):280-310.
    • (1995) Journal of Human Resources , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 280-310
    • Grogger, J.1    Eide, E.2
  • 26
    • 0000595113 scopus 로고
    • "Sex-Related Wage Differentials and Women's Interrupted Labor Careers - The Chicken or the Egg"
    • Gronau, Reuben. 1988. "Sex-Related Wage Differentials and Women's Interrupted Labor Careers - the Chicken or the Egg." Journal of Labor Economics 6(3):277-301.
    • (1988) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-301
    • Gronau, R.1
  • 27
    • 0000205325 scopus 로고
    • "The Varied Economic Returns to Postsecondary Education"
    • Grubb, W. Norton. 1993. "The Varied Economic Returns to Postsecondary Education." Journal of Human Resources 28(2):365-82.
    • (1993) Journal of Human Resources , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 365-382
    • Grubb, W.N.1
  • 28
    • 0002725855 scopus 로고
    • "Male-Female Wage Differentials and Policy Responses"
    • Gunderson, Morley. 1989. "Male-Female Wage Differentials and Policy Responses." Journal of Economic Literature 27(1):46-72.
    • (1989) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-72
    • Gunderson, M.1
  • 29
    • 84925912150 scopus 로고
    • "The Relative Earnings of Blacks and Other Minorities"
    • Gwartney, James D., and James E. Long. 1978. "The Relative Earnings of Blacks and Other Minorities." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 31 (3):336-46.
    • (1978) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 336-346
    • Gwartney, J.D.1    Long, J.E.2
  • 30
    • 0001808997 scopus 로고
    • "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error with an Application to the Estimation of Labor Supply Functions"
    • ed. James P. Smith, Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press
    • Heckman, James J. 1980. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error with an Application to the Estimation of Labor Supply Functions." In Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation, ed. James P. Smith, 206-48. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
    • (1980) Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation , pp. 206-248
    • Heckman, J.J.1
  • 31
    • 0004096666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Fifty Years of Mincer Earnings Regressions"
    • Working Paper 9732, National Bureau of Economic Research
    • Heckman, James J., Lance J. Lochner, and Petra E. Todd. 2003. "Fifty Years of Mincer Earnings Regressions." Working Paper 9732, National Bureau of Economic Research
    • (2003)
    • Heckman, J.J.1    Lochner, L.J.2    Todd, P.E.3
  • 32
    • 84918415133 scopus 로고
    • "Empirical Evidence on the Functional Form of the Earnings-Schooling Relationship"
    • Heckman, James J., and Solomon Polachek. 1974. "Empirical Evidence on the Functional Form of the Earnings-Schooling Relationship." Journal of the American Statistical Association 69(346):350-54.
    • (1974) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.69 , Issue.346 , pp. 350-354
    • Heckman, J.J.1    Polachek, S.2
  • 33
    • 84934562391 scopus 로고
    • "Male-Female Differences in Hourly Wages: The Role of Human Capital, Working Conditions, and Housework"
    • Hersch, Joni. 1991. "Male-Female Differences in Hourly Wages: the Role of Human Capital, Working Conditions, and Housework." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44(4):746-59.
    • (1991) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 746-759
    • Hersch, J.1
  • 34
    • 0001500405 scopus 로고
    • "The Wage Effects of Marital Status and Children"
    • Hill, Martha S. 1979. "The Wage Effects of Marital Status and Children." Journal of Human Resources 14 (4):579-94.
    • (1979) Journal of Human Resources , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 579-594
    • Hill, M.S.1
  • 35
    • 25144491576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Bounding Estimates of Wage Discrimination"
    • Working paper No. 879, Department of Economics, University of Melbourne
    • Hirschberg, J.G., and D.J. Slottje. (2002) "Bounding Estimates of Wage Discrimination." Working paper No. 879, Department of Economics, University of Melbourne.
    • (2002)
    • Hirschberg, J.G.1    Slottje, D.J.2
  • 36
    • 0003559593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (second edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hsiao, Cheng. 2002. Analysis of Panel Data (second edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2002) Analysis of Panel Data
    • Hsiao, C.1
  • 37
    • 0000664885 scopus 로고
    • "On Decomposing the Wage Gap: A Critical Comment on Blinder's Method"
    • Jones, F. L. 1983. "On Decomposing the Wage Gap: a Critical Comment on Blinder's Method." Journal of Human Resources 18(1):126-30.
    • (1983) Journal of Human Resources , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 126-130
    • Jones, F.L.1
  • 38
    • 0002460090 scopus 로고
    • "Labor-Market Returns to Two- and Four-Year College"
    • Kane, Thomas J., and Cecilia E. Rouse. 1995. "Labor-Market Returns to Two- and Four-Year College." American Economic Review 85(3):600-14.
    • (1995) American Economic Review , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 600-614
    • Kane, T.J.1    Rouse, C.E.2
  • 39
    • 0000026979 scopus 로고
    • "Returns to College Education: An Investigation of Self-Selection Bias Based on the Project Talent Data"
    • Kenny, Lawrence W., Lung-Fei Lee, G. S. Maddala, and R. P. Trost. 1979. "Returns to College Education: an Investigation of Self-Selection Bias Based on the Project Talent Data. " International Economic Review 20(3):775-89.
    • (1979) International Economic Review , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 775-789
    • Kenny, L.W.1    Lee, L.-F.2    Maddala, G.S.3    Trost, R.P.4
  • 41
    • 84975934774 scopus 로고
    • "Economic Rationale for Sex Differences in Education"
    • Madden, Janice F. 1978. "Economic Rationale for Sex Differences in Education", Southern Economic Journal 44(4):778-97.
    • (1978) Southern Economic Journal , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 778-797
    • Madden, J.F.1
  • 42
    • 84934095368 scopus 로고
    • "The Persistence of Pay Differentials: The Economics of Sex Discrimination"
    • ed. Laurie Larwood, Ann H. Stromberg, and Barbara A. Gutek, Beverley Hills, Calif.: Sage
    • Madden, Janice F. 1985. "The Persistence of Pay Differentials: the Economics of Sex Discrimination." In Women and Work: an Annual Review, ed. Laurie Larwood, Ann H. Stromberg, and Barbara A. Gutek, 76-114. Beverley Hills, Calif.: Sage.
    • (1985) Women and Work: An Annual Review , pp. 76-114
    • Madden, J.F.1
  • 43
    • 0002370158 scopus 로고
    • "Family Investments in Human Capital: Earnings of Women"
    • Mincer, Jacob, and Solomon Polachek. 1974. "Family Investments in Human Capital: Earnings of Women." Journal of Political Economy 82(2, part 2):S76-S108.
    • (1974) Journal of Political Economy , vol.82 , Issue.2 PART 2
    • Mincer, J.1    Polachek, S.2
  • 44
    • 21844512469 scopus 로고
    • "The Growing Importance of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination"
    • Murnane, Richard J., John B. Willett, and Frank Levy. 1995. "The Growing Importance of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination." Review of Economics and Statistics 77(2):251-66.
    • (1995) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-266
    • Murnane, R.J.1    Willett, J.B.2    Levy, F.3
  • 45
    • 0000037483 scopus 로고
    • "Employers' Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination"
    • Neumark, David. 1988. "Employers' Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination." Journal of Human Resources 23(3):279-95.
    • (1988) Journal of Human Resources , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-295
    • Neumark, D.1
  • 46
    • 0001169470 scopus 로고
    • "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets"
    • Oaxaca, Ronald L. 1973. "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets." International Economic Review 14(3):693-709.
    • (1973) International Economic Review , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 693-709
    • Oaxaca, R.L.1
  • 47
    • 43949153258 scopus 로고
    • "On Discrimination and the Decomposition of Wage Differentials"
    • Oaxaca, Ronald L., and Michael R. Ransom. 1994. "On Discrimination and the Decomposition of Wage Differentials." Journal of Econometrics 61(1):5-21.
    • (1994) Journal of Econometrics , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-21
    • Oaxaca, R.L.1    Ransom, M.R.2
  • 48
    • 22644450277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Identification in Detailed Wage Decompositions"
    • Oaxaca, Ronald L., and Michael R. Ransom. 1999. "Identification in Detailed Wage Decompositions." Review of Economics and Statistics 81(1):154-57.
    • (1999) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-157
    • Oaxaca, R.L.1    Ransom, M.R.2
  • 49
    • 21144464597 scopus 로고
    • "Why the Gender Gap in Wages Narrowed in the 1980s"
    • O'Neill, June, and Solomon Polachek. 1993. "Why the Gender Gap in Wages Narrowed in the 1980s." Journal of Labor Economics 11(1):205-28.
    • (1993) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 205-228
    • O'Neill, J.1    Polachek, S.2
  • 50
    • 0001240302 scopus 로고
    • "Labor Market Discrimination Against Hispanic and Black Men"
    • Reimers, Cordelia W. 1983. "Labor Market Discrimination Against Hispanic and Black Men" Review of Economics and Statistics 65(4):570-79.
    • (1983) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 570-579
    • Reimers, C.W.1
  • 51
    • 0000286779 scopus 로고
    • "Sex Stratification in the Workplace: Male-Female Differences in Economic Returns to Occupation"
    • Roos, Patricia A. 1981. "Sex Stratification in the Workplace: Male-Female Differences in Economic Returns to Occupation." Social Science Research 10(3):195-223.
    • (1981) Social Science Research , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-223
    • Roos, P.A.1
  • 52
    • 0003987137 scopus 로고
    • "Nonlinear Earnings Functions, Age, and Experience: A Nondogmatic Reply and Some Additional Evidence"
    • Rosenzweig, Mark R. 1976. "Nonlinear Earnings Functions, Age, and Experience: A Nondogmatic Reply and Some Additional Evidence." Journal of Human Resources 11(1):23-27.
    • (1976) Journal of Human Resources , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-27
    • Rosenzweig, M.R.1
  • 53
    • 0001364794 scopus 로고
    • "The Economic Value of Academic and Vocational Training Acquired in High School"
    • ed. Michael E. Borus, Kalamazoo: W. R. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
    • Rumberger, Russell W. and Thomas N. Daymont. 1984. "The Economic Value of Academic and Vocational Training Acquired in High School." In Youth and the Labor Market, ed. Michael E. Borus, 157-91. Kalamazoo: W. R. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    • (1984) Youth and the Labor Market , pp. 157-191
    • Rumberger, R.W.1    Daymont, T.N.2
  • 54
    • 85055959066 scopus 로고
    • "Income Differences between Men and Career Women"
    • Suter, Larry E., and Herman P. Miller. 1973. "Income Differences between Men and Career Women." American Journal of Sociology 78(4):962-74.
    • (1973) American Journal of Sociology , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 962-974
    • Suter, L.E.1    Miller, H.P.2
  • 56
    • 0036221646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling for 28 Countries"
    • Trostel, Philip, Ian Walker, and Paul Woolley. 2002. "Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling for 28 Countries." Labour Economics 9(1):1-16.
    • (2002) Labour Economics , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Trostel, P.1    Walker, I.2    Woolley, P.3
  • 57
    • 0000496251 scopus 로고
    • "Changes in the Male/Female Wage Gap, 1976-1985"
    • Wellington, Alison J. 1993. "Changes in the Male/Female Wage Gap, 1976-1985." Journal of Human Resources 28(2):383-411.
    • (1993) Journal of Human Resources , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 383-411
    • Wellington, A.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.