Quiet-time mid-latitude trough: Influence of convection, field-aligned currents and proton precipitation

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 23, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 3277-3288

  Nilsson, Hans ^a   Sergienko, T I ^a   Ebihara, Y ^b   Yamauchi, M ^a  

^a SWEDISH INSTITUTE OF SPACE PHYSICS   (Sweden)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF POLAR RESEARCH   (Japan)

Author keywords

Ionosphere (Auroral ionosphere; Electric fields and currents); Magnetospheric physics (Magnetosphere ionosphre interactions)

Indexed keywords

MAGNETOSPHERE;

EID: 30844462324     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: 14320576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-23-3277-2005     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Banks, P. M. and Yasuhara, F.: Electric fields and conductivity in the night time E-region; A new magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere coupling effect, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 1047-1050, 1978.
2. Blanc, M. and Caudal, G.: The spatial distribution of magnetospheric electric fields at ionospheric altitudes: a review. 2. Theories, Ann. Geophys., 3, 27-42, 1985.
3. Block, L. P. and Fälthammar, C.-G.: Effects of field-aligned currents on the structure of the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 4807-4812, 1968.
4. Brinton, H. C., Grebowsky, J. M., and Brace, L. H.: The high-latitude winter F region at 300 km: thermal plasma observations from AE-C, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 4767-4776, 1978.
5. Collis, P. N. and Häggström, I.: Plasma convection and auroral precipitation processes associated with the main ionospheric trough at high latitudes, J. Atm. Terr. Phys., 50, 389-404, 1988.
6. Crickmore, R. I., Jenkins, B., and Bailey, G. J.: Variations in the altitude of the F2 peak associated with trough-formation processes, Ann. Geophys., 14, 628-636, 1996, SRef-ID: 1432-0576/ag/l996-14-628.
7. Davidson, G. T.: Expected spatial distribution of low energy protons precipitated in the auroral zones, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 1061-,1965.
8. Doe, R. F., Vickrey, J. F., and Mendillo, M.: Electrodynamic model for the formation of auroral ionospheric cavities, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9683-9696, 1995.
9. Figueiredo, S., Karlsson, T., and Marklund, G. T.: Investigation of subauroral ion drifts and related field-aligned currents and ionospheric Pedersen conductivity distribution, Ann. Geophys., 22, 923-934, 2004, SRef-ID: 1432-0576/ag/2004-22-923.
10. Folkestad, K., Hagfors, T., and Westerlund, S.: EISCAT: an updated description of technical characteristics and operational capabilities, Radio Sci., 18, 867-879, 1983.
11. Foster, J. C. and Vo, H. B.: Average characteristics and activity dependence of the subauroral polarization stream, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2002JA009409, 2002.
12. Fujii, R., Hoffman, R. A., and Sugiura, M.: Spatial relationships between region 2 field-aligned currents and electron and ion precipitation in the evening sector, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18 939-18 947, 1990.
13. Fukunishi, H.: Dynamic relationship between proton and electron auroral substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 553-574, 1975.
14. Galand, M. and Richmond, A. D.: Ionospheric electrical conductances produced by auroral proton precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 117-125, 2001.
15. Galand, M., Lummerzheim, D., Stephan, A. W., Bush, B. C., and Chakrabarti, S.: Electron and proton aurora observed sprectroscopically in the far ultraviolet, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.129/2001JA000235, 2002.
16. Hardy, D. A., Gussenhoven, M. S., and Brautigam, D.: A statistical model of auroral ion precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 370-392, 1989.
17. Hedin, A. E.: Extension of the MSIS thermosphere model into the middle and lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1159-1172, 1991.
18. Hedin, M., Häggström, I., Pellinen-Wannberg, A., Andersson, L., Brändström, U., Gustavsson, B., Steen, Å., Westman, A., Wannberg, G., van Eyken, T., Aso, T., Cattell, C., Carlson, C. W., and Klumpar, D.: 3-D extent of the main ionospheric trough - a case study, Adv. Pol. Up. Atm. Res., 14, 157-162, 2000.
19. Jones, D. G., Walker, I. K., and Kersley, L.: Structure of the polward wall of the trough and the inclination of the geomagnetic field above the EISCAT radar, Ann. Geophys., 15, 740-746, 1997, SRef-ED: 1432-0576/ ag/l997-15-740.
20. Karlsson, T. Marklund, G. T., Blomberg, L. G., and Mälkki, A.: Subauroral electric fields observed by the Freja satellite: A statistical study, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 4327-4341, 1998.
21. Karlsson, T. and Marklund, G. T.: Simulations of small-scale auroral current closure in the return current region, in Physics of Plasmas, MIT Center for Theoretical Geo/Cosmo Plasma Physics, 1998.
22. Karpachev, A. T.: The Dependence of the Main Ionospheric Trough Shape on Longitude, Altitude, Season, Local Time, and Solar and Magnetic Activity, Geomag. Aeronomy, 43, 239-251, 2003.
23. 2 ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1046-1055, 1974.
24. Kozelov, B. V.: Influence of the dipolar magnetic field on transport of proton-H atom fluxes in the atmosphere, Ann. Geophys., 11, 697-704, 1993.
25. Kozelov, B. V. and Kozelova, T. V.: Charge loss of proton flux as an additional source of plasma in F2 region, Adv. Space Res., 16, (1)159-(1)162, 1995.
26. Lyatsky, V. B. and Mal'tsev, P.: Origin of the Mid-Latitude Trough and of the Polar Void in the Ionospheric Density Distribution, Geomag. Aeronomy, 21, 127-128, 1981.
27. Newell, P, T., Meng, C.-I., and Lyons, K. M.: Suppression of discrete aurora by sunlight, Nature, 381, 766-767, 1996.
28. Opgenoorth, H. J., Bromage, B., Fontaine, D., La Hoz, C., Huuskonen, A., Kohl, H., Løvhaug, U.-P., Wannberg, G., Gustafsoon, G., Murphree, J. S., Eliasson, L., Marklund, G., Potemra, T. A., Kirkwood, S., Nielsen, E., and Wahlund, J.-E.: Coordinated observations with EISCAT and the Viking satellite: The decay of a westward travelling surge, Ann. Geophys., 7, 479-500, 1989.
29. Rees, M. H.: Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1989.
30. Rich, F. J.: Users guide for the topside ionospheric plasma monitor (SSIES, SSIES-2 and SSIES-3) on spacecraft Defens Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), 1: Technical Desciption, Tech. rep., Air Force Phillips Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, 1994.
31. Robinson, R. M., Vondrak, R. R., and Potemra, T. A.: Electrodynamic properties of the evening sector ionosphere within the region 2 field-aligned current sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 731-741, 1982.
32. Rodger, A. S., Moffett, R. J., and Quegan, S.: The role of ion drift in the formation of ionisation troughs in the mid- and high-latitude ionosphere - A review, J. Atm. Terr. Phys., 54, 1-30, 1992.
33. Schunk, R. W. and Nagy, A. F.: Ionospheres: Physics, plasma physics, and chemistry, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
34. Schunk, R. W., Raitt, W. J., and Banks, P. M.: Effect of electric fields on the daytime high-latitude E and F-regions, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3121-3130, 1975.
35. Senior, C.: Solar and particle contributions to auroral height-integrated conductivities from EISCAT data: a statistical study, Ann. Geophys., 9, 449-460, 1991.
36. Senior, C. and Blanc, M.: On the control of magnetospheric convection by the spatial distribution of ionospheric conductivities, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 261-284, 1984.
37. Senior, C., Sharber, J. R., de la Beaujardiere, O., Heelis, R. A., Evans, D. S., Winningham, J. D., Sugiura, M., and Hoegy, W. R.: E and F region study of the evening sector auroral oval: a Chatanika / Dynamics Explorer 2/NOAA 6 comparison, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2477-2494, 1987.
38. Spiro, R. W., Heelis, R. A., and Hanson, W. B.: Ion convection and the formation of the mid-latitude ionization trough, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5255-4264, 1978.
39. Turunen, T.: GEN System - a new experimental philosophy for EISCAT radars, J. Atm. Terr. Phys., 48, 1986.
40. Vickrey, J. R, Vondrak, R. R., and Matthews, S. J.: Energy deposition by precipitating particles and joule dissipation in the auroral ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5184-5196, 1982.
41. Werner, S. and Prölss, G. W.: The position of the ionospheric trough as a function of local time and magnetic activity, Adv. Space Res., 20, 1717-1722, 1997.
42. Yamauchi, M., Lundin, R., Eliasson, L., Ohtani, S., and Clemmons, J. H.: Relationship between large-, meso- and small-scale field-aligned currents and their current carriers, in Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena, (Eds.) Moen, J., Egeland, A., and Lockwood, M., 173-188, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1998.