Belarus between East and West

Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 487-511

  Allison, Roy ^a   White, Stephen ^b   Light, Margot ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EUROPEAN UNION; FOREIGN POLICY; SECURITY THREAT;

BELARUS; EASTERN EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE;

EID: 30844454184     PISSN: 13523279     EISSN: 17439116     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13523270500363411     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. The importance of these origins is emphasized in Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003).
2. See Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p.159.
3. Condoleezza Rice, interview with CNN, 20 April 2005, . (accessed 30 Sept. 2005).
4. For a wider context, see, for example, Elena A. Korosteleva, Colin W. Lawson and Rosalind J. Marsh (eds.), Contemporary Belarus: Between Democracy and Dictatorship (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003);
5. Stephen White, Elena Korosteleva and John Lowenhardt (eds.), Postcommunist Belarus (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005).
6. The position of the regime itself is set out comprehensively in G.A. Vasilevich and Ya.S. Yaskevich (eds.), Osnovy ideologii belorusskogo gosudarstva (Minsk: RIVSh, 2004);
7. and S.N. Knyazev and S.V. Reshetnikov (eds.), Osnovy ideologii belorusskogo gosudarstva (Minsk: Akademiya upravleniya pri Prezidente Respubliki Belarus', 2004).
8. A.G. Lukashenko,'Vneshnyaya politika Respubliki Belarus' v novom mire', speech delivered at a meeting with heads of the foreign embassies of the Republic of Belarus, 22 July 2004, Vestnik Ministerstva zamezhnykh sprau Respubliki Belarus, 2004, No.3 (30), p.45.
9. EU Enlargement Commissioner Günter Verheugen, in a meeting with a Belarusian delegation, 25 May 2004, Charter-97 website, Minsk, 26 May 2004, BBC Monitoring Online, (accessed 30 Sept. 2005) (hereinafter BBC), BBC Mon KVU 260504 ik/ms.
10. Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 14 April 2004, BBC Mon KVU 140404 gk/ir/ms/vk.
11. Address to heads of Belarusian diplomatic missions, Belapan news agency, Minsk, 22 July 2004, BBC Mon KVU 220704 ch/vk.
12. Lukashenko, 'Vneshnyaya politika', p.43.
13. Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 14 April 2004, BBC KVU 140404 gj/ir/ms/vk.
14. Statement by Belarusian Security Council State Secretary, Henadz Nyavyvlas, Charter-97 website, Minsk, 6 Oct. 2004, BBC Mon KVU 061004 ik/ ms. A brief account is available in Stephen White and Elena Korosteleva-Polglase, 'The Parliamentary Election and Referendum in Belarus, October 2004', Electoral Studies, forthcoming.
15. Lukashenko, 'Vneshnyaya politika', pp.45-6.
16. Belarusian foreign ministry spokesman Ruslan Yesin, Belapan news agency, Minsk, 8 July 2004, BBC Mon KVU 080704 ch/vk.
17. Lukashenko, 'Vneshnyaya politika', p.45.
18. Belarusian Television, Minsk, 6 July 2004, BBC Mon alert KVU 060704 ch/ vk.
19. Lieutenant-General Alyaksandr Pawlowski, Belapan news agency, Minsk, 25 March 2004, BBC Mon KVU 250304 mvm/ms.
20. Statement on Belarusian Television, Minsk, 6 July 2004, BBC Mon alert KVU 060704 ch/vk.
21. Clelia Rontoyanni, 'The Union of Belarus and Russia: The Role of NATO and the EU', in Graeme Herd and Jennifer Moroney (eds.), Security Dynamics in the Former Soviet Bloc (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003), pp.118-20.
22. State of nation address, Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 14 April 2004, BBC Mon KVU 140404 gk/ir/ms/vk; News conference, Belarusian Television, Minsk, 13 Oct. 2004, BBC Mon KVU 131004 mvm/vk.
23. Belapan news agency, Minsk, 13 Oct. 2004, BBC Mon alert KVU 131004 bk/vk.
24. NTV Mir TV service, Moscow, 5 April 2005, BBC Mon FSI FsuPol sku/gy1.
25. Deputy Chief of the Belarusian armed forces General Staff Major-General Tsikhanowski, Belapan news agency, Minsk, 15 April 2004, Belarusian Television, Minsk, 22 July 2004, BBC Mon KVU 220704 vm/ms.
26. Report of meeting between Lukashenko and Nikolai Bordyuzha, general secretary of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, Nezavisimaya gazeta, 18 May 2004, p.4.
27. Statement to Belarusian diplomatic corps, Belarusian Television, Minsk, 22 July 2004, BBC Mon KVU 220704 vs/ms. This argument was previously presented by Foreign Minister Martynaw: See interview in Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 10 July 2004, p.4.
28. Belapan news agency, Minsk, 30 August 2004, BBC Mon KVU 300804 pd/ms.
29. Statement in the Belarusian Security Council, Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 21 Jan. 2005, BBC Mon KVU 210105 mvm/ms.
30. Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 14 April 2004, BBC KVU 140404 gk/ir/ms/vk;
31. Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 20 July 2004, BBC Mon KVU 200704 ch/kiev office.
32. Belapan news agency, Minsk, 8 Oct. 2004, BBC Mon KVU 081004 mvm/ms. It may be relevant to note that Belarus has a particular interest in the fortunes of the CIS, since that organization's headquarters are located in Minsk.
33. Jamestown Foundation, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Vol.2, Issue 123, 24 June 2005.
34. Interviews in Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 10 July 2004, p.4;
35. Nezavisimaya gazeta, 18 May 2004, p.4.
36. Belapan news agency, Minsk, 1 April 2005, BBC Mon KVU 010405 pd/vk.
37. For background, see Rontoyanni, 'Union of Belarus and Russia', pp.120-28.
38. Report on RTR Russia TV, Moscow, 22 April 2005, BBC Mon Alert DS1 FsuPol lfl/ws.
39. Interview of Lukashenko on Belarusian Television, Minsk, 25 June 2004, BBC Mon KVU 250604/ig;
40. state of the nation address, Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 14 April 2004, BBC Mon KVU 140404 gk/ir/ms/vk.
41. At a meeting with diplomats, Itar-Tass news agency, Moscow, 22 July 2004, BBC Mon KVU 220704/ig.
42. State of the nation address, Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 14 April 2004, BBC Mon KVU 140404 gk/ir/ms.vk.
43. See text of statement on the EAEC in BBC Summary of World Broadcasts: Former Soviet Union, 11 Oct. 2000, SU/3968 A/1-2;
44. full agreement signed on 10 Oct. 2004, at (accessed 30 Sept. 2005).
45. Presentation by Lukashenko on 18 June 2004, . (accessed 30 Sept. 2005).
46. Voennaya doktrina Respubliki Belarus', at , p.2.
47. Osnovy ideologii belorusskogo gosudarstva, p.446.
48. Speech on 17 Oct. 2004, (accessed 30 Sept. 2005).
49. Report of Security Council meeting, Nationwide TV, Minsk, 28 Sept. 2004, BBC Mon Alert KVU 280904 mvm/vk.
50. See also meeting of Lukashenko with heads of delegations representing CIS law-enforcement bodies, Belarusian Radio, Minsk, 21 April 2005, BBC Mon KVU 210405 ov/vk.
51. V.V. Grigor'ev, Belarus Ambassador to the Russian Federation, 'Foreign political and economic priorities of the Republic of Belarus in the context of the construction of a union state', speech delivered at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 22 May 2003, , accessed 9 Aug. 2005.
52. Lukashenko, 'Vneshnyaya politika', p.42.
53. Ibid., p.43.
54. Ibid.
55. Belarus Today, 15-21 March 2005, pp.1, 7.
56. Lukashenko, 'Vneshnyaya politika', p.46.
57. Ibid., p.41.
58. We refer here to the European Commission's recent decision to grant a 138,000 Euro contract to Deutsche Welle to broadcast via radio and internet to Belarus: See (accessed 30 Sept. 2005).