Changing the way we view the contribution of motor impairments to physical disability after stroke

Science-Based Rehabilitation

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 87-106

  Ada, Louise ^a   Canning, Colleen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 30844451262     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-5564-4.50008-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (55)

1. Ada L, O'Dwyer N Do associated reactions in the upper limb after stroke contribute to contracture formation?. Clinical Rehabilitation 2001, 15:186-194.
2. Ada L, O'Dwyer NJ, Green J, et al. The nature of loss of strength and dexterity in the upper limb following stroke. Human Movement Sciences 1996, 15:671-687.
3. Ada L, Vattanasilp W, O'Dwyer N, et al. Does spasticity contribute to walking dysfunction following stroke?. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1998, 64:628-635.
4. Ada L, Canning C, Dwyer T Effect of muscle length on strength and dexterity after stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation 2000, 14:55-61.
5. Ada L, Canning C, Low S-L Muscle length has a selective effect on strength after stroke. Brain 2003, 126:724-731.
6. Ada L, Goddard E, McCully J et al 2004 30 minutes of positioning reduces the development of shoulder external rotation contracture after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in press.
7. Badics E, Wittmann A, Rupp M, et al. Systematic muscle building exercises in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Neurorehabilitation 2002, 17:211-214.
8. Berger W, Horstmann G, Dietz V Tension development and muscle activation in the leg during gait in spastic hemiparesis: independence of muscle hypertonia and exaggerated stretch reflexes. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1984, 47(9):1029-1033.
9. Bernstein NA On dexterity and its development. Physical Culture and Sport Press, Moscow (in Russian); cited in Latash LP, Latash M K 1994 A new book by Bernstein: 'On dexterity and its development'. Journal of Motor Behavior 1991, 26:56-62.
10. Bobath B Adult hemiplegia evaluation and treatment 1990, Butterworth-Heinemann, London. 3rd edn.
11. Bütefisch C, Hummelsheim H, Denzler P, et al. Repetitive training of isolated movements improves the outcome of motor rehabilitation of the centrally paretic hand. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1995, 130:59-68.
12. Canning CG, Ada L, O'Dwyer N Slowness to develop force contributes to weakness after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1999, 80:66-70.
13. Canning CG, Ada L, O'Dwyer NJ Abnormal muscle activation characteristics associated with loss of dexterity after stroke. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2000, 176:45-56.
14. Canning C, Ada L, Adams R, et al. Loss of strength contributes more to disability after stroke than loss of dexterity. Clinical Rehabilitation 2004, 18:300-308.
15. Carr JH, Shepherd RB A motor relearning programme for stroke 1982, Heinemann Medical, London.
16. Carr JH, Shepherd RB A motor relearning programme for stroke 1987, Heinemann Medical, Oxford. 2nd edn.
17. Carr JH, Shepherd RB Neurological rehabilitation: optimizing motor performance 1998, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
18. Carr JH, Shepherd RB Stroke rehabilitation: guidelines for exercise and training to optimize motor skill 2003, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
19. Chae J, Bethoux F, Bohine T, et al. Neuromuscular stimulation for upper extremity motor and functional recovery in acute hemiplegia. Stroke 1998, 29:975-979.
20. Cornall C Self-propelling wheelchairs: the effect on spasticity in hemiplegic patients. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 1991, 7:13-21.
21. Dietz V, Quintern J, Berger W Electrophysiological studies of gait in spasticity and rigidity. Brain 1981, 104:431-449.
22. Doumit M A 2001 Mechanisms of chronic weakness following stroke. Honours thesis, University of Sydney.
23. Dvir Z, Penturin E Measurement of spasticity and associated reactions in stroke patients before and after training. Clinical Rehabilitation 1993, 7:15-21.
24. Engardt M, Knutsson E, Jonsson M, et al. Dynamic muscle strength training in stroke patients: effects on knee extension torque, electromyographic activity and motor function. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1995, 76:419-425.
25. Feys H, De Weerdt WJ, Selz BE, et al. Effect of a therapeutic intervention for the hemiplegic upper limb in the acute phase after stroke: a single-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial. Stroke 1998, 29:785-792.
26. Francisco G, Chae J, Chawla H, et al. Electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation for improving the arm function of acute stroke survivors: a randomised pilot study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1998, 79:570-575.
27. Hara Y, Akaboshi K, Masakado Y, et al. Physiologic decrease of single thenar motor units in the F-response in stroke patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000, 81:418-423.
28. Held JP, Pierrot-Deseilligny E Reeducation motrice des affections neurologiques 1969, 31-42. J B Bailliere, Paris.
29. Hummelsheim H, Amberger S, Mauritz KH The influence of EMG-initiated electrical muscle stimulation on motor recovery of the centrally paretic hand. European Journal of Neurology 1996, 3:245-254.
30. Ibrahim IK, Berger W, Trippel M, et al. Stretch-induced electromyographic activity and torque in spastic elbow muscles. Differential modulation of reflex activity in passive and active motor tasks. Brain 1993, 116:971-989.
31. Lance JW Symposium synopsis. Spasticity: disordered motor control 1980, 485-494. Symposia Specialists, Miami. R.G. Feldman, R.R. Young, W.P. Koella (Eds.).
32. Lance JW What is spasticity?. Lancet 1990, 335:606.
33. Landau WM Spasticity: the fable of a neurological demon and the emperor's new therapy [editorial]. Archives of Neurology 1974, 31:217-219.
34. Landau WM, Sahrmann SA Preservation of directly stimulated muscle strength in hemiplegia due to stroke. Archives of Neurology 2002, 59:1453-1457.
35. McComas AJ, Sica RE, Upton AR, et al. Functional changes in motoneurones of hemiparetic patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1973, 36:183-193.
36. McLellan DL Co-contraction and stretch reflexes in spasticity during treatment with baclofen. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1977, 40:30-38.
37. Neilson PD, McCaughey J Self-regulation of spasm and spasticity in cerebral palsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1982, 45:320-330.
38. Norton BJ, Sahrmann SA Reflex and voluntary electromyographic activity in patients with hemiparesis. Physical Therapy 1978, 58(8):951-955.
39. O'Dwyer NJ, Ada L, Neilson PD Spasticity and muscle contracture following stroke. Brain 1996, 119:1737-1749.
40. Patrick E 2002 Is the Tardieu scale better at differentiating the presence of contracture from spasticity than the Ashworth Scale? Honours thesis, University of Sydney.
41. Perry J Rehabilitation of spasticity. Spasticity: disordered motor control 1980, 87-100. Symposia Specialists, Miami. R.G. Feldman, R.R. Young, W.P. Koella (Eds.).
42. Sahrmann SA, Norton BJ The relationship of voluntary movement to spasticity in the upper motor neurone syndrome. Annals of Neurology 1977, 2:460-465.
43. Sharp SA, Brouwer BJ Isokinetic strength training of the hemiparetic knee: effects on function and spasticity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997, 78:1231-1236.
44. Smith GV, Silver KHC, Goldberg AP, et al. 'Task-oriented' exercise improves hamstring strength and spastic reflexes in chronic stroke patients. Stroke 1999, 30:2112-2118.
45. Stephenson R, Edwards S, Freeman J Associated reactions: their value in clinical practice?. Physiotherapy Research International 1998, 3:151-152.
46. Tardieu G, Shentoub S, Delarue R A la recherche d'une technique de mesure de la spasticite. Revue Neurologique 1954, 91(2):143-144.
47. Teixeira-Salmela LF, Olney SJ, Nadeau S, et al. Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1999, 80:1211-1218.
48. Van Leeuwen R, Inglis JT Mental practice and imagery: a potential role in stroke rehabilitation. Physical Therapy Reviews 1998, 3:47-54.
49. Vattanasilp W 1998 Factors contributing to muscle stiffness and function following stroke. PhD thesis, University of Sydney.
50. Vattanasilp W, Ada L Relation between clinical and laboratory measures of spasticity. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 1999, 45:135-139.
51. Vattanasilp W, Ada L, Crosbie J Contribution of thixotropy spasticity and contracture to ankle stiffness after stroke. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2000, 69:34-39.
52. Walshe FMR On certain tonic or postural reflexes in hemiplegia, with special reference to the so-called 'associated movements'. Brain 1923, 46:1-37.
53. Weiss A, Suzuki T, Bean J, et al. High intensity strength training improves strength and functional performance after stroke. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000, 79:369-376.
54. Williams PE Use of intermittent stretch in the prevention of serial sarcomere loss in immobilised muscle. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1990, 49:316-317.
55. Zülch KJ, Müller N Associated movements in man. Disturbances of nervous function: handbook of clinical neurology 1969, 1:404-426. North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam. P.J. Vinken, G.W. Bruyn (Eds.).