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0025825996
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Prospective randomized trial of povidone-iodine, alcohol, and chlorhexidine for prevention of infection associated with central venous and arterial catheters
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Maki DG, Ringer M, Alvarado CJ. Prospective randomized trial of povidone-iodine, alcohol, and chlorhexidine for prevention of infection associated with central venous and arterial catheters. Lancet. 1991;338:339-343. Level 2 Evidence: Large study of 668 catheter placements in which disinfection of the site before insertion and site care every other day thereafter was randomized to either 10% povidoneiodine, 70% alcohol, or 2% aqueous chlorhexidine. Outcomes demonstrated statistically fewer local and systemic infections with us of chlorhexidine.
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Lancet
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Maki, D.G.1
Ringer, M.2
Alvarado, C.J.3
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0034450710
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Prospective randomized trial of 10% povidone-iodine versus 0.5% tincture of chlorhexidine as cutaneous antisepsis for prevention of central venous catheter infection
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Humar A, Ostromecki A, Direnfeld J, et al. Prospective randomized trial of 10% povidone-iodine versus 0.5% tincture of chlorhexidine as cutaneous antisepsis for prevention of central venous catheter infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:1001-1007. Level 2 Evidence: A multicenter prospective, randomized, controlled trial, with 0.5% tincture of chlorhexidine vs 10% povidone-iodine in 374 catheterizations. There was no significant improvement in infections with this lower dose of chlorhexidine.
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Clin Infect Dis
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Humar, A.1
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Direnfeld, J.3
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Very low doses of warfarin can prevent thrombosis in central venous catheters: A randomized prospective trial
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Bern MM, Lokich JJ, Wallach SR, et al. Very low doses of warfarin can prevent thrombosis in central venous catheters: a randomized prospective trial. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:423-428. Level 2 Evidence: One hundred twenty-one patients entered the study, and 82 patients completed the study. Prospective randomization of patients to 1 mg warfarin daily or not demonstrated statistically lower thrombosis rates with use of warfarin.
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Ann Intern Med
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Bern, M.M.1
Lokich, J.J.2
Wallach, S.R.3
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Modification of patient positioning for subclavian catheter insertion
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Abstract 66
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Wilson S, Sparks W, Williams V, Grant J. Modification of patient positioning for subclavian catheter insertion [Abstract]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1990;14(suppl 1):S17. Abstract 66. Level 3 Evidence.
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Wilson, S.1
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Williams, V.3
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Anatomic relationships of the right subclavian vein: A radiologic study pertinent to percutaneous subclavian venous catheterization
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Land RE. Anatomic relationships of the right subclavian vein: a radiologic study pertinent to percutaneous subclavian venous catheterization. Arch Surg. 1971;102:178-180. Level 5 Evidence.
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Land, R.E.1
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6
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0015319302
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The relationship of the left subclavian vein to the clavicle: Practical considerations pertinent to the percutaneous catheterization of the subclavian vein
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Land RR. The relationship of the left subclavian vein to the clavicle: practical considerations pertinent to the percutaneous catheterization of the subclavian vein. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1972;63:564-568. Level 5 Evidence.
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Land, R.R.1
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7
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0024533101
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Cannulation of inferior vena cava for long term central venous access
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Curtas S, Bonaventura M, Meguid MM. Cannulation of inferior vena cava for long term central venous access. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1989;168:121-124. Level 5 Evidence.
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Surg Gynecol Obstet
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Curtas, S.1
Bonaventura, M.2
Meguid, M.M.3
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8
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0017844553
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Direct right atrial catheterization for total parenteral nutrition
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Oram-Smith JC, Mullen JL, Harken AH, Fitts WT Jr. Direct right atrial catheterization for total parenteral nutrition. Surgery. 1978;83:274-276. Level 5 Evidence.
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Surgery
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Oram-Smith, J.C.1
Mullen, J.L.2
Harken, A.H.3
Fitts Jr., W.T.4
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9
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0023158684
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Translumbar inferior vena cava Hickman catheter placement for total parenteral nutrition
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Denny DF, Dorfman GS, Greenwood LH, Horowitz NR, Morse SS. Translumbar inferior vena cava Hickman catheter placement for total parenteral nutrition. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148:621-622. Level 5 Evidence.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol
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, pp. 621-622
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Denny, D.F.1
Dorfman, G.S.2
Greenwood, L.H.3
Horowitz, N.R.4
Morse, S.S.5
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10
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0026526703
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Percutaneous translumbar and transhepatic inferior vena caval catheters for prolonged vascular access in children
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Azizkhan RG, Taylor LA, Jaques PF, Mauro MA, Lacey SR. Percutaneous translumbar and transhepatic inferior vena caval catheters for prolonged vascular access in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1992;27:165-169. Level 5 Evidence.
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Azizkhan, R.G.1
Taylor, L.A.2
Jaques, P.F.3
Mauro, M.A.4
Lacey, S.R.5
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