Pathways and mechanisms of phloem loading

Vascular Transport in Plants

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 45-67

  Turgeon, Robert ^a   Ayre, Brian G ^b  

^a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 30544432370     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012088457-5/50005-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (82)

1. B.G. Ayre, F. Keller and R. Turgeon (2003) Symplastic continuity between companion cells and the translocation stream: Long-distance transport is controlled by retention and retrieval mechanisms in the. Plant Physiol 131 1518-1528.
2. M. Bachmann, P. Matile and F. Keller (1994) Metabolism of the raffinose family oligosac-charides in leaves of Ajuga reptans L: Cold acclimation, translocation, and sink to source transition: Discovery of chain elongation enzyme. Plant Physiol 105 1335-1345.
3. L. Barker, C. Kühn, A. Weise, A. Schulz, C. Gebhardt, B. Hirner, H. Hellmann, W. Schulze, J.M. Ward and W.B. Frommer (2000) SUT2, a putative sucrose sensor in sieve elements. Plant Cell 12 1153-1164.
4. D.U. Beebe and R.F. Evert (1992) Photoassimilate pathways and phloem loading in the leaf of Moricandia arvensis L. Dc. Brassicaceae. Int J Plant Sci 153 61-77.
5. D.U. Beebe and W.A. Russin (1999) Plasmodesmata in the phloem-loading pathway. A.J.E. van Bel, W.J.P. van Kesteren (Eds) Plasmodesmata: Structure, Function, Role in Cell Communication Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag 261-293.
6. D.U. Beebe and R. Turgeon (1992) Localization of galactinol, raffinose, and stachyose synthesis in Cucurbita pepo leaves. Planta 188 354-361.
7. H.-D. Behnke and R.D. Sjolund (1990) Sieve Elements: Comparative Structure, Induction and Development. Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag
8. C.E.J. Botha, R.H.M. Cross, A.J.E. van Bel and C.I. Peter (2000) Phloem loading in the sucrose-export-defective (SXD-1) mutant maize is limited by callose deposition at plasmodesmata in bundle sheath-vascular parenchyma interface. Protoplasma 214 65-72.
9. L. Bürkle, J.M. Hibberd, W.P. Quick, C. Kühn, B. Hirner and W.B. Frommer (1998) The H+-sucrose cotransporter NtSUT1 is essential for sugar export from tobacco leaves. Plant Physiol 118 59-68.
10. N.-H. Cheng, C.-L. Su, S.A. Carter and R.S. Nelson (2000) Vascular invasion routes and systemic accumulation patterns of tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J 23 349-362.
11. R. Deeken, D. Geiger, J. Fromm, O. Koroleva, P. Ache, R. Langenfeld-Heyser, N. Sauer, S.T. May and R. Hedrich (2002) Loss of the AKT2/3 potassium channel affects sugar loading into the phloem of Arabidopsis. Planta 216 334-344.
12. C.D. Dickinson, T. Altabella and M.J. Chrispeels (1991) Slow-growth phenotype of trans-genic tomato expressing apoplastic invertase. Plant Physiol 95 420-425.
13. X.S. Ding, M.H. Shintaku, S.A. Arnold and R.S. Nelson (1995) Accumulation of mild and severe strains of tobacco mosaic virus in minor veins of tobacco. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 8 32-40.
14. M.G. Erwee, P.B. Goodwin and A.J.E. van Bel (1985) Cell-cell communication in the leaves of Commelina cyanea and other plants. Plant Cell Environ 8 173-178.
15. R.F. Evert, W.A. Russin and C.E.J. Botha (1996) Distribution and frequency of plasmodesmata in relation to photoassimilate pathways and phloem loading in the barley leaf. Planta 198 572-579.
16. D.G. Fisher (1986) Ultrastructure, plasmodesmatal frequency, and solute concentration in green areas of variegated Coleus blumei Benth. leaves. Planta 169 141-152.
17. D.G. Fisher (1988) Movement of Lucifer yellow in leaves of Coleus blumei Benth. Plant Cell Environ 11 639-644.
18. L.L. Flora and M.A. Madore (1993) Stachyose and mannitol transport in olive (Olea europaea L.). Planta 189 484-490.
19. L.L. Flora and M.A. Madore (1996) Significance of minor-vein anatomy to carbohydrate transport. Planta 198 171-178.
20. Y. Gamalei (1989) Structure and function of leaf minor veins in trees and herbs. Trees 3 96-110.
21. Y. Gamalei (1991) Phloem loading and its development related to plant evolution from trees to herbs. Trees 5 50-64.
22. Y. Gamalei, A.J.E. van Bel, M.V Pakhomova and A.V. Sjutkina (1994) Effects of temperature on the conformation of the endoplasmic reticulum and on starch accumulation in leaves with the symplastic minor-vein configuration. Planta 194 443-453.
23. R.T. Giaquinta (1983) Phloem loading of sucrose. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 34 347-387.
24. F.L. Goggin, R. Medville and R. Turgeon (2001) Phloem loading in the tulip tree. Mechanisms and evolutionary implications. Plant Physiol 125 891-899.
25. C. Girousse, J.L. Bonnemain, S. Delrot and R. Bournoville (1991) Sugar and amino acid composition of phloem sap of Medicago sativa: A comparative study of two collecting methods. Plant Physiol Biochem 29 41-48.
26. J.R. Gottwald, P.J. Krysan, J.C. Young, R.F. Evert and M.R. Sussman (2000) Genetic evidence for the in planta role of phloem-specific plasma membrane sucrose transporters. PNAS 97 13979-13984.
27. M.A. Grusak, D.U. Beebe and R. Turgeon (1996) Phloem loading. E. Zamski, A.A. Schaffer (Eds) Photoassimilate Distribution in Plants and Crops. Source-Sink Relationships New York: Marcel Dekker 209-227.
28. B.E.S. Gunning and J.S. Pate (1969) Transfer cells, plant cells with wall ingrowths, specialized in relation to short distance transport of solutes: Their occurrence, structure, and development. Protoplasma 68 107-133.
29. E. Haritatos, B.G. Ayre and R. Turgeon (2000) Identification of phloem involved in assimilate loading in leaves by the activity of the galactinol synthase promoter. Plant Physiol 123 929-937.
30. E. Haritatos, F. Keller and R. Turgeon (1996) Raffinose oligosaccharide concentrations measured in individual cell and tissue types in Cucumis melo L. leaves: Implications for phloem loading. Planta 198 614-622.
31. E. Haritatos, R. Medville and R. Turgeon (2000) Minor vein structure and sugar transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 211 105-111.
32. U. Holthaus and K. Schmitz (1991) Distribution and immunolocalization of stachyose synthase in Cucumis melo L. Planta 185 479-486.
33. O. Kandier (1967) Biosynthesis of poly-and oligosaccharides during photosynthesis in green plants. A. San Pietro, F.A. Greer, T.J. Army (Eds) Harvesting the Sun: Photosynthesis in Plant Life New York: Academic Press 131-152.
34. R. Kempers, A.J.K. Van, J. Achterberg and A.J.E. van Bel (1996) Exclusion limit of plas-modesmata between sieve element and companion cells in stem phloem of Vicia faba is at least 10 kDa. J Exp Bot 47 1298.
35. R. Kempers and A.J.E. van Bel (1997) Symplasmic connections between sieve element and companion cell in the stem phloem of Vicia faba L. have a molecular exclusion limit of at least 10 kDa. Planta 201 195-201.
36. C. Knop, R. Stadler, R. Sauer and G. Lohaus (2004) AmSUT1, a sucrose transporter in collection and transport phloem of the putative symplastic phloem loader Alonsoa meridionalis. Plant Physiol 134 204-214.
37. E. Komor (2000) Source physiology and assimilate transport: The interaction of sucrose metabolism, starch storage and phloem export in source leaves and the effects on sugar status in the phloem. Aust J Plant Physiol 27 497-505.
38. C. Kühn, V.R. Franceschi, A. Schulz, R. Lemoine and W.B. Frommer (1997) Macromolecular trafficking indicated by localization and turnover of sucrose transporters in enucleate sieve elements. Science 275 1298-1300.
39. C. Kühn, W.P. Quick, A. Schulz, J.W. Riesmeier, U. Sonnewald and W.B. Frommer (1996) Companion cell-specific inhibition of the potato sucrose transporter SUT1. Plant Cell Environ 19 1115-1123.
40. A.J. Lansing and V.R. Franceschi (2000) The paraveinal mesophyll: A specialized path for intermediary transfer of assimilates in legume leaves. Aust J Plant Physiol 27 757-767.
41. R.C. Leegood (1996) Primary photosynthate production: Physiology and metabolism. E. Zamski, A.A. Schaffer (Eds) Photoassimilate Distribution in Plants and Crops. Source-Sink Relationships New York: Marcel Dekker 21-41.
42. S. Lalonde, M. Tegeder, M. Throne-Hoist, W.R. Frommer and J.W. Patrick (2003) Phloem loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids. Plant Cell Environ 26 37-56.
43. G. Lohaus, K. Pennewiss, B Sattelmacher, M. Hussmann and K.H. Muehling (2001) Is the infiltration-centrifugation technique appropriate for the isolation of apoplastic fluid? A critical evaluation with different plant species. Physiol Plant 111 457-465.
44. G. Lohaus, H. Winter, B. Riens and H.W. Heldt (1995) Further studies of the phloem loading process in leaves of barley and spinach. The comparison of metabolite concentrations in the apoplastic compartment with those in the cytosolic compartment and in the sieve tubes. Botanica Acta 108 270-275.
45. W.E. Loomis (1955) Resistance of plants to herbicides. M.G. Sevag, R.D. Reid, O.E. Reynolds (Eds) Origin of Resistance to Toxic Agents New York: Academic Press 99-121.
46. M.A. Madore, J.W. Oross and W.J. Lucas (1986) Symplastic transport in Ipomoea tricolor leaves. Demonstration of functional symplastic connections from the mesophyll to minor veins by a novel dye-trace. Plant Physiol 82 432-442.
47. M.M. McCauley and R.F. Evert (1989) Minor veins of the potato Solanum tuberosum L.: Leaf ultrastructure and plasmodesmatal frequency. Botanical Gazette 150 351-368.
48. E. Münch (1930) Die Stoffbewegungen in der pflanze. Jena, Germany: Gustav Fischer
49. N. Noiraud, L. Maurousset and R. Lemoine (2001) Identification of a mannitol transporter, AgMaT1, in celery phloem. Plant Cell 13 695-705.
50. N. Noiraud, L. Maurousset and R. Lemoine (2001) Transport of polyols in higher plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 39 717-728.
51. K.J. Oparka, D.A.M. Prior and K.M. Wright (1995) Symplastic communication between primary and developing lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 46 187-197.
52. K.J. Oparka and A.J.E. van Bel (1992) Pathways of phloem loading and unloading: A plea for uniform terminology. C.J. Pollock, J.F. Farrar, A.J. Gordon (Eds) Carbon Partitioning Between Organisms Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers 249-254.
53. G. Orlich, M. Hofbrueckl and A. Schulz (1998) A symplasmic flow of sucrose contributes to phloem loading in Ricinus cotyledons. Planta 206 108-116.
54. W.F. Pickard (2003) The role of cytoplasmic streaming in symplastic transport. Plant Cell Environ 26 1-15.
55. M. Ramsperger-Gleixner, D. Geiger, R. Hedrich and N. Sauer (2004) Differential expression of sucrose transporter and polyol transporter genes during maturation of common plantain companion cells. Plant Physiol 134 147-160.
56. A. Reinders, W. Schulze, C. Kühn, L. Barker, A. Schulz, J.M. Ward and W.B. Frommer (2002) Protein-protein interactions between sucrose transporters of different affinities colocalized in the same enucleate sieve element. Plant Cell 14 1567-1577.
57. W.A. Russin and R.F. Evert (1985) Studies on the leaf of Populus deltoides (Salicaceae). Quantitative aspects and solute concentrations of the sieve-tube members. Am J Bot 72 487-500.
58. W.A. Russin, R.F. Evert, P.J. Vanderveer, T.D. Sharkey and S.P. Briggs (1996) Modification of a specific class of plasmodesmata and loss of sucrose export ability in the sucrose export defective maize mutant. Plant Cell 8 645-658.
59. S.A. Sovonick, D.R. Geiger and R.J. Fellows (1974) Evidence for active phloem loading in the minor veins of sugar beet. Plant Physiol 54 886-891.
60. N. Sprenger and F. Keller (2000) Allocation of raffinose family oligosaccharides to transport and storage pools in Ajuga reptans: The roles of two distinct galactinol synthases. Plant J 21 249-258.
61. R. Stadler, J. Brandner, A. Schulz, M. Gahrtz and N. Sauer (1995) Phloem loading by the PmSUC2 sucrose carrier from Plantago major occurs into companion cells. Plant Cell 7 1545-1554.
62. R. Stadler and N. Sauer (1996) The Arabidopsis thaliana AtSUC2 gene is specifically expressed in companion cells. Botan Acta 109 299-306.
63. M.V. Thompson and N.M. Holbrook (2003) Scaling phloem transport: Water potential equilibrium and osmoregulatory flow. Plant Cell Environ 26 1561-1577.
64. M.R. Thorpe and P.E.H. Minchin (1996) Mechanisms of long-and short-distance transport from sources to sinks. E. Zamski, A.A. Schaffer (Eds) Photoassimilate Distribution in Plants and Crops. Source-Sink Relationships New York: Marcel Dekker 261-282.
65. E. Truernit and N. Sauer (1995) The promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUC2 sucrose-H+ symporter gene directs expression of ß-glucuronidase to the phloem: Evidence for phloem loading and unloading by SUC2. Planta 196 564-570.
66. R. Turgeon (1991) Symplastic phloem loading and the sink-source transition in leaves: A model. J.-L. Bonnemain, S. Delrot, J. Dainty, W.J. Lucas (Eds) Recent Advances in Phloem Transport and Assimilate Compartmentation Nantes, France: Ouest Editions 18-22.
67. R. Turgeon (1996) Phloem loading and plasmodesmata. Trends Plant Sci 1 418-423.
68. R. Turgeon (2000) Plasmodesmata and solute exchange in the phloem. Aust J Plant Physiol 27 521-529.
69. R. Turgeon, D.U. Beebe and E. Gowan (1993) The intermediary cell: Minor-vein anatomy and raffinose oligosaccharide synthesis in the Scrophulariaceae. Planta 191 446-456.
70. R. Turgeon and E. Gowan (1990) Phloem loading in Coleus blumei in the absence of carrier-mediated uptake of export sugar from the apoplast. Plant Physiol 94 1244-1249.
71. R. Turgeon and P.K. Hepler (1989) Symplastic continuity between mesophyll and companion cells in minor veins of mature Cucurbita pepo L. leaves. Planta 179 24-31.
72. R. Turgeon and R. Medville (1998) The absence of phloem loading in willow leaves. PNAS 95 12055-12060.
73. R. Turgeon, J.A. Webb and R.F. Evert (1975) Ultrastructure of minor veins in Cucurbita pepo leaves. Protoplasma 83 217-231.
74. A.J.E. van Bel, Y.V. Gamalei, A. Ammerlaan and L.P.M. Bik (1992) Dissimilar phloem loading in leaves with symplasmic or apoplasmic minor-vein configurations. Planta 186 518-525.
75. A.J.E. van Bel and R. Kempers (1991) Symplastic isolation of the sieve element-companion cell complex in the phloem of Ricinus communis and Salix alba stems. Planta 183 69-76.
76. A.J.E. van Bel and K.J. Oparka (1995) On the validity of plasmodesmograms. Botan Acta 108 174-182.
77. M.W. Vaughn, G.N. Harrington and D.R. Bush (2002) Sucrose-mediated transcriptional regulation of sucrose symporter activity in the phloem. PNAS 99 10876-10880.
78. G.M. Volk, R. Turgeon and D.U. Beebe (1996) Secondary plasmodesmata formation in the minor-vein phloem of Cucumis melo L. and Cucurbita pepo L. Planta 199 425-432.
79. A. Von Schaewen, M. Stitt, R. Schmidt, U. Sonnewald and L. Willmitzer (1990) Expression of a yeast-derived invertase in the cell wall of tobacco and Arabidopsis plants leads to accumulation of carbohydrate and inhibition of photosynthesis and strongly influences growth and phenotype of transgenic tobacco plants. EMBO J 9 3033-3044.
80. N. Wang and P.S. Nobel (1998) Phloem transport of fructans in the crassulacean acid metabolism species Agave deserti. Plant Physiol 116 709-714.
81. A. Weise, L. Barker, C. Kühn, S. Lalonde, H. Buschmann, W.B. Frommer and J.M. Ward (2000) A new subfamily of sucrose transporters, SUT4, with low affinity/high capacity localized in enucleate sieve elements of plants. Plant Cell 12 1345-1355.
82. L.E. Wimmers and R. Turgeon (1991) Transfer cells and solute uptake in minor veins of Pisum sativum leaves. Planta 186 2-12.