메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 186-194

Corticotropin-releasing factor, stress, and depression

Author keywords

Affective disorders; Antidepressants; Depression; Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; Neuroendocrinology; Stress

Indexed keywords


EID: 3042986312     PISSN: 10738584     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107385849700300312     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (54)
  • 2
    • 0019782980 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin
    • Vale W, Speiss J, Rivier C, Rivier J. Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin. Science 1981;213:1394-1397.
    • (1981) Science , vol.213 , pp. 1394-1397
    • Vale, W.1    Speiss, J.2    Rivier, C.3    Rivier, J.4
  • 3
    • 0026332080 scopus 로고
    • Physiology and pharmacology of corticotropin-releasing factor
    • Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB. Physiology and pharmacology of corticotropin-releasing factor. Pharmacol Rev 1991;43:425-473.
    • (1991) Pharmacol Rev , vol.43 , pp. 425-473
    • Owens, M.J.1    Nemeroff, C.B.2
  • 4
    • 0020683637 scopus 로고
    • Organization of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive cells and fibers in the rat brain: An immunohistochemical study
    • Swanson LW, Sawchenko PE, Rivier J, et al. Organization of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive cells and fibers in the rat brain: an immunohistochemical study. Neuroendocrinology 1983;36:165-186.
    • (1983) Neuroendocrinology , vol.36 , pp. 165-186
    • Swanson, L.W.1    Sawchenko, P.E.2    Rivier, J.3
  • 6
    • 0027302611 scopus 로고
    • Local tetrodotoxin blocks chronic stress effects on corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin messenger ribonucleic acids in hypophysiotropic neurons
    • Sawchenko PE, Arias CA, Mortrud MT. Local tetrodotoxin blocks chronic stress effects on corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin messenger ribonucleic acids in hypophysiotropic neurons. J Neuroendocrinol 1993;5:341-348.
    • (1993) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.5 , pp. 341-348
    • Sawchenko, P.E.1    Arias, C.A.2    Mortrud, M.T.3
  • 7
    • 0027355095 scopus 로고
    • Central and feedback regulation of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
    • Chadwick DJ, Marsh J, Ackrill K, editors. London: Wiley
    • Plotsky PM, Thrivikraman KV, Meaney MJ. Central and feedback regulation of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor secretion. In: Chadwick DJ, Marsh J, Ackrill K, editors. Ciba Foundation symposium on corticotropin-releasing factor. London: Wiley 1993;59-84.
    • (1993) Ciba Foundation Symposium on Corticotropin-releasing Factor , pp. 59-84
    • Plotsky, P.M.1    Thrivikraman, K.V.2    Meaney, M.J.3
  • 8
    • 0002754162 scopus 로고
    • Limbic pathways and neurotransmitters as mediators of autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to stress
    • Brown MR, Koob GF, Rivier C, editors. New York: Dekker
    • Gray TS. Limbic pathways and neurotransmitters as mediators of autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to stress. In: Brown MR, Koob GF, Rivier C, editors. Stress: neurobiology and neuroendocrinology. New York: Dekker 1991;73-89.
    • (1991) Stress: Neurobiology and Neuroendocrinology , pp. 73-89
    • Gray, T.S.1
  • 9
    • 0027283930 scopus 로고
    • Chlordiazepoxide attenuates stress-induced accumulation of corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus
    • Imaki T, Vale W. Chlordiazepoxide attenuates stress-induced accumulation of corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res 1993;623:223-228.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.623 , pp. 223-228
    • Imaki, T.1    Vale, W.2
  • 10
    • 0029082054 scopus 로고
    • Ovulatory cycle influences the stimulatory effect of stress on the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the paraventricular nucleus of the female rat hypothalamus
    • Nappi RE, Rivest S. Ovulatory cycle influences the stimulatory effect of stress on the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the paraventricular nucleus of the female rat hypothalamus. Endocrinology 1995;136:4073-4083.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 4073-4083
    • Nappi, R.E.1    Rivest, S.2
  • 11
    • 0027716959 scopus 로고
    • The locus coeruleus as a site for integrating corticotropin-releasing factor and noradrenergic mediation of stress responses
    • Valentino RJ, Foote SL, Page ME. The locus coeruleus as a site for integrating corticotropin-releasing factor and noradrenergic mediation of stress responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 697:173-188.
    • (1993) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.697 , pp. 173-188
    • Valentino, R.J.1    Foote, S.L.2    Page, M.E.3
  • 12
    • 0028878225 scopus 로고
    • Previous stress alters corticotropin-releasing factor neurotransmission in the locus coeruleus
    • Curtis AL, Pavcovich LA, Grigoriadis DE, Valentino RJ. Previous stress alters corticotropin-releasing factor neurotransmission in the locus coeruleus. Neuroscience 1995;65:541-550.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.65 , pp. 541-550
    • Curtis, A.L.1    Pavcovich, L.A.2    Grigoriadis, D.E.3    Valentino, R.J.4
  • 13
    • 0027347344 scopus 로고
    • The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in behavioural responses to stress
    • Chadwick DJ, Marsh J, Ackrill K, editors. London: Wiley
    • Koob GF, Heinrichs SC, Pich EM, et al. The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in behavioural responses to stress. In: Chadwick DJ, Marsh J, Ackrill K, editors. Ciba Foundation symposium on corticotropin-releasing factor. London: Wiley 1993;277-295.
    • (1993) Ciba Foundation Symposium on Corticotropin-releasing Factor , pp. 277-295
    • Koob, G.F.1    Heinrichs, S.C.2    Pich, E.M.3
  • 14
    • 0028019217 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of depression and anxiety: Role of locus coeruleus and corticotropin-releasing factor
    • Weiss JM, Stout J, Aaron M, et al. Experimental studies of depression and anxiety: role of locus coeruleus and corticotropin-releasing factor. Brain Res Bull 1994;35:561-572.
    • (1994) Brain Res Bull , vol.35 , pp. 561-572
    • Weiss, J.M.1    Stout, J.2    Aaron, M.3
  • 15
    • 0030591466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of corticotropin-releasing hormone on electrophysiological activity of locus coeruleus neurons
    • Borosody MK, Weiss JM. Influence of corticotropin-releasing hormone on electrophysiological activity of locus coeruleus neurons. Brain Res 1996;724:149-168.
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.724 , pp. 149-168
    • Borosody, M.K.1    Weiss, J.M.2
  • 16
    • 0022930137 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in CRF-like immunoreactivity in discrete rat brain regions after acute and chronic stress
    • Chappell PB, Smith MA, Kilts CD, et al. Alterations in CRF-like immunoreactivity in discrete rat brain regions after acute and chronic stress. J Neurosci 1986;6:2908-2914.
    • (1986) J Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 2908-2914
    • Chappell, P.B.1    Smith, M.A.2    Kilts, C.D.3
  • 17
    • 0025037914 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing factor produces fear-enhancing and behavioral activating effects following infusion into the locus coeruleus
    • Butler PD, Weiss JM, Stout JC, et al. Corticotropin-releasing factor produces fear-enhancing and behavioral activating effects following infusion into the locus coeruleus. J Neurosci 1990;10:176-183.
    • (1990) J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 176-183
    • Butler, P.D.1    Weiss, J.M.2    Stout, J.C.3
  • 18
    • 0027732791 scopus 로고
    • The role of limbic and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor in behavioral responses to stress
    • Menzaghi F, Heinrichs SC, Pich EM, Weiss F, Koob GF. The role of limbic and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor in behavioral responses to stress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;697:142-154.
    • (1993) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.697 , pp. 142-154
    • Menzaghi, F.1    Heinrichs, S.C.2    Pich, E.M.3    Weiss, F.4    Koob, G.F.5
  • 19
    • 0028930744 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural activation produced by CRH but not alpha-helical CRH when microinfused into the central nucleus of the amygdala under stress-free conditions
    • Wiersma AD, Baaun AD, Bohus B, Koolhaas JM. Behavioural activation produced by CRH but not alpha-helical CRH when microinfused into the central nucleus of the amygdala under stress-free conditions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1995;20:423-432.
    • (1995) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.20 , pp. 423-432
    • Wiersma, A.D.1    Baaun, A.D.2    Bohus, B.3    Koolhaas, J.M.4
  • 20
    • 0027244465 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of stress-induced behavior by antagonism of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala in the rat
    • Swiergial AH, Takahashi LK, Kalin NH. Attenuation of stress-induced behavior by antagonism of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala in the rat. Brain Res 1993;623:229-234.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.623 , pp. 229-234
    • Swiergial, A.H.1    Takahashi, L.K.2    Kalin, N.H.3
  • 21
    • 0027375115 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone microinfusion in the central amygdala diminishes a cardiac parasympathetic outflow under stress-free conditions
    • Wiersma A, Bohus B, Koolhaas JM. Corticotropin-releasing hormone microinfusion in the central amygdala diminishes a cardiac parasympathetic outflow under stress-free conditions. Brain Res 1993;625:219-227.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.625 , pp. 219-227
    • Wiersma, A.1    Bohus, B.2    Koolhaas, J.M.3
  • 22
    • 0028128691 scopus 로고
    • Restraint stress increases corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA content in the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus
    • Kalin NH, Takahashi LK, Chen FL. Restraint stress increases corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA content in the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res 1994;656:182-186.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.656 , pp. 182-186
    • Kalin, N.H.1    Takahashi, L.K.2    Chen, F.L.3
  • 23
    • 0027384908 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that corticotropin-releasing factor within the extended amygdala mediates the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase produced by sound stress in the rat
    • Boadle-Biber MC, Singh VB, Corley KC, Phan TH, Dilts RP. Evidence that corticotropin-releasing factor within the extended amygdala mediates the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase produced by sound stress in the rat. Brain Res 1993;628:105-114.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.628 , pp. 105-114
    • Boadle-Biber, M.C.1    Singh, V.B.2    Corley, K.C.3    Phan, T.H.4    Dilts, R.P.5
  • 24
    • 0026597057 scopus 로고
    • Repeated stress enhances vasopressin synthesis in corticotropin releasing factor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus
    • de Goeij DCE, Jezova D, Tilders FJH. Repeated stress enhances vasopressin synthesis in corticotropin releasing factor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res 1992;577:165-168.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.577 , pp. 165-168
    • De Goeij, D.C.E.1    Jezova, D.2    Tilders, F.J.H.3
  • 25
    • 0026650440 scopus 로고
    • Central corticotropin-releasing hormone reduces cellular immunity
    • Strausbaugh H, Irwin M. Central corticotropin-releasing hormone reduces cellular immunity. Brain Behav Immun 1992;6:11-17.
    • (1992) Brain Behav Immun , vol.6 , pp. 11-17
    • Strausbaugh, H.1    Irwin, M.2
  • 26
    • 0027742648 scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced immune suppression
    • Irwin M. Stress-induced immune suppression. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;697:203-217.
    • (1993) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.697 , pp. 203-217
    • Irwin, M.1
  • 27
    • 0003379818 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and endocrine studies of CRH in primates
    • DeSouza EB, Nemeroff CB, editors. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Kalin NH. Behavioral and endocrine studies of CRH in primates. In: DeSouza EB, Nemeroff CB, editors. CRF: basic and chemical studies of a neuropeptide. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press 1990;275-289.
    • (1990) CRF: Basic and Chemical Studies of a Neuropeptide , pp. 275-289
    • Kalin, N.H.1
  • 28
    • 0028819695 scopus 로고
    • Urocortin, a mammalian neuropeptide related to fish urotensin I and to corticotropin-releasing factor
    • Vaughan J, Donaldson C, Bittencourt J, et al. Urocortin, a mammalian neuropeptide related to fish urotensin I and to corticotropin-releasing factor. Nature 1995;378:287-292.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 287-292
    • Vaughan, J.1    Donaldson, C.2    Bittencourt, J.3
  • 29
    • 0029085066 scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced activation of neuronal activity and corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus is modulated by glucocorticoids in rats
    • Imaki T, Wang XQ, Tamotsu S, et al. Stress-induced activation of neuronal activity and corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus is modulated by glucocorticoids in rats. J Clin Invest 1995;96:231-238.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 231-238
    • Imaki, T.1    Wang, X.Q.2    Tamotsu, S.3
  • 30
    • 0025275374 scopus 로고
    • Decreased sensitivity to glucocorticoid fast feedback in chronically stressed rats
    • Young EA, Akana S, Dullman MF. Decreased sensitivity to glucocorticoid fast feedback in chronically stressed rats. Neuroendocrinology 1990;51:536-542.
    • (1990) Neuroendocrinology , vol.51 , pp. 536-542
    • Young, E.A.1    Akana, S.2    Dullman, M.F.3
  • 31
    • 0023789030 scopus 로고
    • Multiple feedback regulatory loops upon rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion: Potential clinical implications
    • Calogero AE, Gallucci WT, Gold PW, Chrousos GP. Multiple feedback regulatory loops upon rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion: potential clinical implications. J Clin Invest 1988;82:767-774.
    • (1988) J Clin Invest , vol.82 , pp. 767-774
    • Calogero, A.E.1    Gallucci, W.T.2    Gold, P.W.3    Chrousos, G.P.4
  • 32
    • 0023090927 scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of brain and pituitary corticotropin-releasing factor receptors by corticosterone
    • Hauger RL, Millan MA, Catt KJ, Aguilera G. Differential regulation of brain and pituitary corticotropin-releasing factor receptors by corticosterone. Endocrinology 1987;120:1527-1533.
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.120 , pp. 1527-1533
    • Hauger, R.L.1    Millan, M.A.2    Catt, K.J.3    Aguilera, G.4
  • 33
    • 0028567196 scopus 로고
    • Stress-specific regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor expression in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the rat
    • Luo X, Kiss A, Makara G, Lolait SJ, Aguilera G. Stress-specific regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor expression in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the rat. J Neuroendocrinol 1994;6:689-696.
    • (1994) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 689-696
    • Luo, X.1    Kiss, A.2    Makara, G.3    Lolait, S.J.4    Aguilera, G.5
  • 34
    • 0028953834 scopus 로고
    • Immune challenge and immo-bilization stress induce transcription of the gene encoding the CRF receptor in selective nuclei of the rat hypothalamus
    • Rivest S, Laflamme N, Nappi RE. Immune challenge and immo-bilization stress induce transcription of the gene encoding the CRF receptor in selective nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. J Neurosci 1995;15:2680-2695.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 2680-2695
    • Rivest, S.1    Laflamme, N.2    Nappi, R.E.3
  • 35
    • 0029922870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unidirectional specific and modulated brain to blood transport of corticotropin-releasing hormone
    • Martins JM, Kastin AJ, Banks WA. Unidirectional specific and modulated brain to blood transport of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinol 1996;63:338-348.
    • (1996) Neuroendocrinol , vol.63 , pp. 338-348
    • Martins, J.M.1    Kastin, A.J.2    Banks, W.A.3
  • 37
    • 0029150578 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression
    • Raadsheer FC, van Heerikhuize JJ, Lucassen PJ, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression. Am J Psychiat 1995;152:1372-1376.
    • (1995) Am J Psychiat , vol.152 , pp. 1372-1376
    • Raadsheer, F.C.1    Van Heerikhuize, J.J.2    Lucassen, P.J.3
  • 38
    • 0027503187 scopus 로고
    • Fluoxetine signifi-cantly reduces cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin concentrations in patients with major depression
    • De Bellis MD, Gold PW, Gerarioti TD et al. Fluoxetine signifi-cantly reduces cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin concentrations in patients with major depression. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:656-657.
    • (1993) Am J Psychiatry , vol.150 , pp. 656-657
    • De Bellis, M.D.1    Gold, P.W.2    Gerarioti, T.D.3
  • 39
    • 0026027462 scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy: Corticotropin-releasing factor, beta-endorphin and somatostatin
    • Nemeroff CB, Bissette G, Akil H, et al. Neuropeptide concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy: corticotropin-releasing factor, beta-endorphin and somatostatin. Brit J Psychiatry 1991;158:59-63.
    • (1991) Brit J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 59-63
    • Nemeroff, C.B.1    Bissette, G.2    Akil, H.3
  • 40
    • 0027536051 scopus 로고
    • Effect of desipramine on cerebropsinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in human subjects
    • Veith RC, Lewis N, Langohr JI, et al. Effect of desipramine on cerebropsinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in human subjects. Psychiatry Res 1992;46:1-8.
    • (1992) Psychiatry Res , vol.46 , pp. 1-8
    • Veith, R.C.1    Lewis, N.2    Langohr, J.I.3
  • 41
    • 0029926722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressants and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation
    • Holsboer F, Barden N. Antidepressants and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation. Endocr Rev 1996;17:187-205.
    • (1996) Endocr Rev , vol.17 , pp. 187-205
    • Holsboer, F.1    Barden, N.2
  • 43
    • 0004010456 scopus 로고
    • Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
    • Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 1982.
    • (1982) Stedman's Medical Dictionary
  • 44
    • 0026536665 scopus 로고
    • The concepts of stress and stress systems disorders
    • Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The concepts of stress and stress systems disorders. JAMA 1992;267:1244-1252.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 1244-1252
    • Chrousos, G.P.1    Gold, P.W.2
  • 45
    • 0023759468 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression. Relation to the neurobiology of stress
    • Gold PW, Goodwin FK, Chrousos GP. Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression. Relation to the neurobiology of stress. N Engl J Med 1988;319:413-420.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 413-420
    • Gold, P.W.1    Goodwin, F.K.2    Chrousos, G.P.3
  • 46
    • 17744408838 scopus 로고
    • The CRH-stimulation test in affective and anxiety disorder: Comparison to physical stress
    • Heuser IJE, Holsboer F. The CRH-stimulation test in affective and anxiety disorder: comparison to physical stress. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15(Suppl 1):159A-160A.
    • (1992) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.15 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Heuser, I.J.E.1    Holsboer, F.2
  • 47
    • 0002866682 scopus 로고
    • Causal relationships between clinical depression and life events
    • Barrett JE, editor. New York: Raven Press
    • Paykel E. Causal relationships between clinical depression and life events. In: Barrett JE, editor. Stress and mental disorder. New York: Raven Press 1979.
    • (1979) Stress and Mental Disorder
    • Paykel, E.1
  • 48
    • 0022541480 scopus 로고
    • Chronic stress and major depression
    • Breslau N, Davis GC. Chronic stress and major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:309-314.
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 309-314
    • Breslau, N.1    Davis, G.C.2
  • 49
    • 0027267860 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of major depression in women: Toward an integrated etiologic model
    • Kendler KS, Kessler RC, Neale MC, et al. The prediction of major depression in women: toward an integrated etiologic model. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:1139-1148.
    • (1993) Am J Psychiatry , vol.150 , pp. 1139-1148
    • Kendler, K.S.1    Kessler, R.C.2    Neale, M.C.3
  • 52
    • 0029916848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation
    • Ladd CO, Owens, MJ, Nemeroff CB. Persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation. Endocrinology 1996;137:1212-1218.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 1212-1218
    • Ladd, C.O.1    Owens, M.J.2    Nemeroff, C.B.3
  • 53
    • 0029928064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors: Implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders
    • Coplan JD, Andrews MW, Rosenblum LA, et al. Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors: Implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:1619-1623.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 1619-1623
    • Coplan, J.D.1    Andrews, M.W.2    Rosenblum, L.A.3
  • 54
    • 0028931196 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal stress increases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) content and release in rat amygdala minces
    • Cratty MS, Ward HE, Johnson EA, Azzaro AJ, Birkle DL. Prenatal stress increases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) content and release in rat amygdala minces. Brain Res 1995;675: 297-302.
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.675 , pp. 297-302
    • Cratty, M.S.1    Ward, H.E.2    Johnson, E.A.3    Azzaro, A.J.4    Birkle, D.L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.