Cage housing, beak trimming, and induced molting of layers: A review of welfare and production issues

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 63-69

  Cunningham, D L ^a   Mauldin, J M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Beak trimming; Caging; Molting; Welfare

Indexed keywords

EID: 3042953289     PISSN: 10566171     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/japr/5.1.63     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Duncan, I.J.H., 1981. Animal rights, animal welfare: A scientist's assessment. Poultry Sci. 60:489-499.
2. Craig, J.V. and A.W. Adams, 1984. Behavior and well being of hens in alternative housing environments. World's Poultry Sci. J. 40:221-240.
3. Mench, J.A., A. van Tienhoven, J.A. Marsh, C.C. McCormick, D.L. Cunningham, and R.C. Baker, 1986. Effects of cage and floor pen management on behavior, production, and physiological stress responses of laying hens. Poultry Sci. 65:1058-1069.
4. Appleby, M.C. and B.O. Hughes, 1991. Welfare of laying hens in cages and alternative systems: environmental, physical, and behavioral aspects. World's Poultry Sci. J. 47:109-128.
5. Taylor, A.A. and J.F. Hurnik, 1994. The effect of long-term housing in an aviary and battery cages on the physical condition of laying hens: Body weight, feather condition, claw length, foot lesions, and tibia strength. Poultry Sci. 73:268-273.
6. Anderson, K.E. and A.W. Adams, 1994. Effects of cage versus floor rearing environments and cage floor mesh size on bone strength, fearfulness, and production of Single Comb White Leghorn hens. Poultry Sci. 73:1233-1240.
7. Adams, A.W. and J.V. Craig, 1985. Effect of crowding and cage shape on productivity and profitability of caged layers: A survey. Poultry Sci. 64:238-242.
8. Cunningham, D.L., A. van Tienhoven, and F. de Goeijen, 1987. Dominance rank and cage density effects on performance traits, feeding activity, and plasma corticosterone levels of laying hens (Gallus domesticus). Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 17:139-153.
9. Cunningham, D.L., A. van Tienhoven, and G. Gvaryahu, 1988. Population size, cage area, and dominance rank effects on productivity and well-being of laying hens. Poultry Sci. 67:399-406.
10. Adams, A.W. and M.E. Jackson, 1970. Effect of cage size and bird density on performance of six commercial strains of layers. Poultry Sci. 49:1712-1719.
11. Quart, M.D. and A.W. Adams, 1982. Effects of cage design and bird density on layers. 1. Productivity, feathering, and nervousness. Poultry Sci. 61:1606-1613.
12. Robinson, D., 1979. Effects of cage shape, colony size, floor area, and cannibalism prevention on laying performance, Br. Poultry Sci. 20:345-356.
13. Carey, J.B. and F.L. Kuo, 1995. Effects of cage population on the productive performances of layers. Poultry Sci. 74:633-637.
14. Craig, J.V. and G.A. Milliken, 1989. Further studies of density and group size effects in caged hens of stocks differing in fearful behavior Productivity and behavior. Poultry Sci. 68:9-16.
15. Gentle, M.J., 1986. Beak trimming in poultry. World's Poultry Sci. J. 42:268-275.
16. Cunningham, D.L., 1992. Beak trimming effects on performance, behavior, and welfare of chickens: A review. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 1:129-134.
17. Morgan, W., 1957. Effect of day-old debeaking on the performance of pullets. Poultry Sci. 36:208-211.
18. Bramhall, E.L. and T.A. Little, 1966. Layers' performance as affected by debeaking method and cage density. Poultry Sci. 45:1072.
19. Kuo, F.L., J.V. Craig, and W.M. Muir, 1991. Selection and beak trimming effects on behavior, cannibalism, and short term production traits in White Leghorn pullets. Poultry Sci. 70:1057-1068.
20. Beane, W.L., P.B. Siegel, and J.S. Dawson, 1967. Size of debeak guide and cauterization time on the performance of Leghorn chickens. Poultry Sci. 46:1232.
21. Bray, D.J., S.F. Ridlen, and J.A. Gesell, 1960. Performance of pullets debeaked at various times during the laying year. Poultry Sci. 39:1546-1550.
22. Andrade, A.N. and J.R. Carson, 1975. The effect of age at and the method of debeaking on future performance of White Leghorn pullets. Poultry Sci. 54:666-674.
23. Lee, K. and I.S. Reid, 1977. The effects of Marek's disease vaccination and day-old debeaking on the performance of growing pullets and laying hens. Poultry Sci. 56:736-740.
24. Lee, K., 1980. Long term effects of Marek's disease vaccination with cell-free Herpes virus of turkey and age at debeaking on performance and mortality of White Leghorns. Poultry Sci. 59:2002-2007.
25. Struwe, F.J., E.W. Gleaves, J.H. Douglas, and P.L. Bond, Jr., 1992. Effect of rearing floor type and ten-day beak trimming on stress and performance of caged layers. Poultry Sci. 71:70-75.
26. Carey, J.B. and B.W. Lassiter, 1995. Influence of age at final beak trim on the productive performance of commercial layers. Poultry Sci. 74:615-619.
27. Craig, J.V., 1992. Beak trimming benefits vary among egg-strain pullets of different genetic stocks. Poultry Sci. 71:2007-2013.
28. Craig, J.V., J.A. Craig, and G.A. Milliken, 1992. Beak trimming effects on beak length and feed usage for growth and egg production. Poultry Sci. 71:1830-1841.
29. Duncan, I.J.H., G.S. Slee, E. Seawright, and J. Breward, 1989. Behavioral consequences of partial beak amputation (beak trimming) in poultry. Br. Poultry Sci. 30:479-488.
30. Lee, H-Y. and J.V. Craig, 1990. Beak-trimming effects on the behavior and weight gain of floor-reared egg strain pullets from three genetic stocks during the rearing period. Poultry Sci. 69:568-575.
31. Gentle, M.J., D. Waddington, L.N. Hunter, and R.B. Jones, 1990. Behavioral evidence for persistent pain following partial beak amputation in chickens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 27:149-157.
32. Lee, H-Y. and J.V. Craig, 1991. Beak trimming effects on behavior patterns, fearfulness, feathering, and mortality among three stocks of White Leghorn pullets in cages or floor pens. Poultry Sci. 70:211-221.
33. Craig, J.V., W.S.M. Winkler, and G.A. Milliken, 1992. Research Note: Effects of beak trimming and genetic stock on rate of mash consumption and feeding related behavior in egg-strain pullets. Poultry Sci. 71:391-394.
34. Craig, J.V. and W.M. Muir, 1993. Selection for reduction of beak-inflicted injuries among caged layers. Poultry Sci. 72:411-420.
35. American Veterinary Medical Association, 1995. The Veterinarian's Role in Animal Welfare. AVMA, Schaumburg, IL.
36. North, M.O. and D.D. Bell, 1990. Commercial Chicken Production Manual, 4th Edition. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY.
37. Baker, M., J. Brake, and G.R. McDaniel, 1983. The relationship between body weight loss during an induced molt and postmolt egg production, egg weight, and shell quality in caged layers. Poultry Sci. 62:409-413.
38. Herremans, M., 1988. Age and strain differences in plumage renewal during natural and induced molting in hybrid hens. Br. Poultry Sci. 29:825-835.
39. Cunningham, D.L. and C.C. McCormick, 1985. A multicycle comparison of dietary zinc and feed removal molting procedures: production and income performance. Poultry Sci. 64:253-260.
40. Goodman, B.L., R.A. Norton, and O.H. Diambra, 1986. Zinc oxide to induce molt in layers. Poultry Sci. 65:2008-2014.
41. Zimmerman, N.G., D.K. Andrews, and J. McGinnis, 1987. Comparison of several induced molting methods on subsequent performance of Single Comb White Leghorn hens. Poultry Sci. 66:408-417.
42. Zimmerman, N.G. and D.K. Andrews, 1990. Performance of Leghorn hens induced to molt by limited feeding of diets varying in nutrient density. Poultry Sci. 69:1883-1891.
43. Buhr, R.J. and D.L. Cunningham, 1994. Evaluation of molt induction to body weight loss of fifteen, twenty, or twenty-five percent by feed removal, daily limited, or alternate-day feeding of a molt feed. Poultry Sci. 73:1499-1510.
44. Rolon, A.R., R.J. Buhr, and D.L. Cunningham, 1993. Twenty-four-hour feed withdrawal and limited feeding as alternative methods for induction of molt in laying hens. Poultry Sci. 72:776-785.
45. Hoshino, S., M. Suzuki, T. Kakegawa, K. Imai, M. Wakita, Y. Kobayashi, and Y. Yamada, 1988. Changes in plasma thyroid hormones, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, and corticosterone of laying hens during a forced molt. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 90A(2):355-359.
46. Brady, L.J., D.R. Romsos, P.S. Brady, W.G. Bergen, and G.A. Leveille, 1978. The effects of fasting on body composition, glucose turnover, enzymes, and metabolites in the chicken. J. Nutr. 108:648-657.
47. Harvey, S. and H. Klandorf, 1983. Reduced adrenocorticoid function and increased thyroid function in fasted and re-fed chickens. J. Endocrinol. 98:129-135.
48. Holt, P.S., R.J. Buhr, D.L. Cunningham, and R.E. Porter, Jr., 1994. Effect of two different molt procedures on a Salmonella enteritidis infection. Poultry Sci. 73:1267-1275.
49. Hembree, D.J., A.W. Adams, and J.V. Craig, 1980. Effects of force-molting by conventional and experimental light restriction methods on performance and agonistic behavior of hens. Poultry Sci. 59:215-223.
50. Webster, A.B., 1995. Immediate and subsequent effects of a short fast on the behavior of laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 45:255-266.