Toxicology of nitrates and nitrites in livestock

Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 643-648

  El Bahri, Lotfi ^a   Belguith, Jamel ^a   Blouin, André ^b  

^a Ecole Nationale de Medecine Veterinaire   (Tunisia)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; BOVINAE;

EID: 3042940880     PISSN: 01931903     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Runnels LJ: Forage crops may contain dangerous nitrate levels. Norden News 64(2)37, 1989.
2. Edwards WC, McCoy CP: Nitrate poisoning in Oklahoma cattle. Vet Med 75(3):457-458, 1980.
3. Meissonnier E: Intoxication par les nitrates chez les ruminants. Paint Vet 6(27):73-78, 1977.
4. Jones TO: Nitrate/nitrite poisoning in cattle. In Pract 10:199-203, 1988.
5. Boermans HJ: Diagnosis of nitrate toxicosis in cattle, using biological fluids and a rapid ion chromatographic method. Am J Vet Res 51(3):491-495, 1990.
6. Buck WE, Osweiler GD, Van Gelder GA: Nitrates, nitrites and related problems, in Clinical and Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology, ed 2. Dubuque, IA, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co, 1976, pp 109-115.
7. The Merck Veterinary Manual: A Handbook of Diagnosis, Therapy, and Disease Prevention and Control for the Veterinarian, ed 7. Rahway, NJ, Merck & Co, 1991.
8. Carrigan M: Plant poisoning including nitrate/nitrite and cyanide, in Sheep Medicine Course. Sydney, Australia, The Sandy & Georgina Reid Memorial Refresher Course for Veterinarians, 1990, pp 113-128.
9. Jones TO: Suspected ammonium nitrate fertilizer poisoning in cattle. Vet Rec 111(10):211-212, 1982.
10. Lorgue G, Lechenet J, Kiviere A: Precis de Toxicologie Clinique Veterinaire, ed 1. Maisons-Alfort, France, Point Vet, 1987, pp 141-143.
11. Booth NH, McDonald LE: Poisons causing respiratory insufficiency, in Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ed 6. Ames, IA, Iowa State University Press, 1988, pp 1017-1021.
12. Crawford RF, Kennedy WK, Davison KL: Factors influencing toxicity of forages that contain nitrate when fed to cattle. Cornell Vet 56(3):1-17, 1966.
13. Jones TO: Poison nitrate/nitrite. In Pract 5:146-147, 1993.
14. Hatch RC: Poisons causing respiratory insufficiency, in Booth NH, McDonald IE (eds): Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ed 5. Ames, IA, Iowa State University Press, 1982, pp 933-975.
15. Miyazaki A, Kawashima R: Reduction pattern of nitrate in the rumen of sheep given young soiling rye. Jpn J Zootech Sci 47(3):158-165, 1976.
16. Blood DC, Radostits OM: Veterinary Medicine, ed 1, Toronto, Bailliere Tindall, 1989, pp 1279-1282.
17. Crowley JW: Effects of nitrate on livestock. Proc Meet Am Soc Agric Engin, 1985.
18. Schneider NR, Yeary RA: Nitrate and nitrite pharmacokinetics in the dog, sheep, and pony. Am J Vet Res 36(7): 941-947, 1975.
19. Osweiler GD, Carson TL, Buck WE, et al: Nitrates, nitrites, and related problems, in Clinical and Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology, ed 3. Dubuque, IA, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co, 1985, pp 381-384.
20. Nikolov A, Panchev I, Dilov P, Dzhurov A: Determination of the maximum permissible concentration of nitrate in mixed meal for piglets. Vet Sbirka 87(2):4-17, 1989.
21. Jones TO, Jones DR: Nitrate/nitrite poisoning of cattle from forage crops. Vet Rec 101:266-267, 1977.
22. Medrea N, Dumitrescu I, Toader O, et al: Toxic abortion in cows due to nitrate-nitrite poisoning. Monats Veterinarmed 39(6):195-196, 1984.
23. Bhikane AU, Bhoop S: Biochemical changes in experimental nitrite poisoning in crossbred calves. Ind Vet J 67(7): 667-668, 1990.
24. Geissler C, Steinhofel O, Ulbrich M: Nitrate contents in milk. Arch Ann Nutr 41 (6):649-656, 1991.
25. Samol S, Sokolowski M: Poisoning with nitrates and nitrites in cattle. Med Wet 36(8):477-479, 1980.
26. Braunwald E: Cyanosis, hypoxia and polycythemia, in Petersdorf R, Adams R, Braunwald E, et al (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, ed 10, vol 1. New York, McGraw Hill Book Co, 1983, pp 163-164.
27. Vermunt J, Visser R: Nitrate toxicity in cattle. NZ Vet J 35:136-137, 1987.
28. Miyazaki A, Kawashima R: Effects of methemoglobin formation in blood on liver function of sheep. Jpn J Zootech Sci 46(7):427-432, 1975.
29. Page RD, Gilson WD, Guthrie LD, et al: Serum progesterone and milk production and composition in dairy cows fed two concentrations of nitrate. Vet Hum Toxicol 32(1): 27-31, 1990.
30. Asbury AC, Rhode EA: Nitrite intoxication in cattle: The effects of lethal doses of nitrate on blood pressure. Am J Vet Res 25:1010-1013, 1964.
31. Blood DC, Brightling P, Larcombe MT: Diseases of Cattle: A Manual of Diagnosis, ed 1. Toronto, Bailliere Tindall, 1990, p 343.
32. Wright MJ, Davison KL: Nitrate accumulation in crops and nitrate poisoning in animals. Adv Agron 16:197-247, 1984.
33. Smith BP: Disorders caused by toxins, in Large Animal Internal Medicine. St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1990, pp 1650-1651.
34. Householder GR, Dollahite JW, Hulse R: Diphenylamine for the diagnosis of nitrate intoxication. JAVMA 148(6): 662-665, 1966.
35. Carlson MP, Schneider NR: Determination of nitrates in forages by using selective ion electrode: Collaborative study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 69(2):196-198, 1986.
36. Lippsmeyer BC, Tracy ML, Moller G: Ion-exchange liquid chromatographic determination of nitrate and nitrite in biological fluids. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 73(3):457-462, 1990.
37. Cawley GD, Collings DF, Dyson DA: Nitrate poisoning. Vet Rec 101(15):305-306, 1977.
38. Bailey EM: Management and treatment of toxicosis in cattle, in Current Veterinary Therapy. 2. Food Animal Practice. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1986, pp 341-354.
39. Burrows GE, Way JL: Methylene blue vs nitrite. Proc Annu Meet US Anim Health Assoc 79:266-270, 1975.
40. Plumb DC: Veterinary Drug Handbook. White Bear Lake, MN, Pharma Vet Publishing, 1991, pp 633-634.
41. Duk S, Lobsteyn AJH, Wensing T, Breukink HJ: Treatment of nitrate intoxication in a cow. Vet Kef 112(12):272-274, 1983.
42. Wilsdorf G, Burkhardt S, Herzog M: Acute and chronic nitrite application and the protective effects of sodium selenite in sheep. 6th Int Trace Element Symp 3:843-850, 1989.
43. Johnson JL, Grotelueschen D, Knott M: Evaluation of bovine perinatal accumulation in western Nebraska. Vet Hum Toxicol 36(5):467-471, 1994.
44. Champe PC, Harvey RA: Biochemistry, ed 2. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co, 1994, pp 222-224.
45. Duthu GS, Sertzer HG: Effect of nitrite on rabbit liver mixed function oxidase activity. Drug Metab Disp 7:263-269, 1979.
46. Deeb BS, Sloan KW: Nitrates, Nitrites and Health. Urbana-Champaign, IL, University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, 1975.
47. Jahreis G, Hesse V, Schone F, et al: Influence of nitrates and plant goitrogens on thyroid hormones, somatomedin status and growth of swine. Monats Veterinarmed 41(15):528-530, 1986.
48. Ojeniyi A: Experimental nitrite poisoning: Effects of a moderate nitrate quantity on ruminai fatty acids concentrations. Dansk Veterinaertid 71(77):595-601, 1988.