The satanic geographies of globalization: Uneven development in the 1990s

Public Culture

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 169-189

  Smith, Neil ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 3042871959     PISSN: 08992363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/08992363-10-1-169     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. R. Blumenthal, "Tangled Ties and Tales of FBI Messenger," New York Times, January 9, 1994.
2. Peter Worsley, "How Many Worlds?" Third World Quarterly 1 (1979): 100-108.
3. As such, these social projects continued an old colonial tradition. See, for example, A. J. C. Mayne, Fever, Squalour and Vice: Sanitation and Social Policy in Victorian Sydney (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1982); N. Thomas, "Sanitation and Seeing: The Creation of State Power in Early Colonial Fiji," Comparative Studies in Society and History 32 (1990): 149-170.
4. As such, these social projects continued an old colonial tradition. See, for example, A. J. C. Mayne, Fever, Squalour and Vice: Sanitation and Social Policy in Victorian Sydney (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1982); N. Thomas, "Sanitation and Seeing: The Creation of State Power in Early Colonial Fiji," Comparative Studies in Society and History 32 (1990): 149-170.
5. W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960).
6. See, e.g., Edward Soja, The Geography of Modernization in Kenya (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1968).
7. See, e.g., Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1965); Samir Amin, Unequal Development (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976); Celso Furtado, Development and Underdevelopment (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967). It is worth noting that only by ignoring or relegating these and related works can Escobar premise his study with the claim that the development "discourse" was total, engulfing even its critics (Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995]).
8. See, e.g., Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1965); Samir Amin, Unequal Development (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976); Celso Furtado, Development and Underdevelopment (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967). It is worth noting that only by ignoring or relegating these and related works can Escobar premise his study with the claim that the development "discourse" was total, engulfing even its critics (Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995]).
9. See, e.g., Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1965); Samir Amin, Unequal Development (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976); Celso Furtado, Development and Underdevelopment (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967). It is worth noting that only by ignoring or relegating these and related works can Escobar premise his study with the claim that the development "discourse" was total, engulfing even its critics (Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995]).
10. See, e.g., Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1965); Samir Amin, Unequal Development (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976); Celso Furtado, Development and Underdevelopment (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967). It is worth noting that only by ignoring or relegating these and related works can Escobar premise his study with the claim that the development "discourse" was total, engulfing even its critics (Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995]).
11. See, e.g., Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1965); Samir Amin, Unequal Development (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976); Celso Furtado, Development and Underdevelopment (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967). It is worth noting that only by ignoring or relegating these and related works can Escobar premise his study with the claim that the development "discourse" was total, engulfing even its critics (Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995]).
12. Richard Smith, "The Chinese Road to Capitalism," New Left Review 199 (1993): 55-99; Richard Smith, "Creative Destruction: Capitalist Development and China's Environment," New Left Review 222 (1997): 3-41; Bin Zhao, "Consumerism, Confucianism, Communism: Making Sense of China Today," New Left Review 222 (1991): 43-59.
13. Richard Smith, "The Chinese Road to Capitalism," New Left Review 199 (1993): 55-99; Richard Smith, "Creative Destruction: Capitalist Development and China's Environment," New Left Review 222 (1997): 3-41; Bin Zhao, "Consumerism, Confucianism, Communism: Making Sense of China Today," New Left Review 222 (1991): 43-59.
14. Richard Smith, "The Chinese Road to Capitalism," New Left Review 199 (1993): 55-99; Richard Smith, "Creative Destruction: Capitalist Development and China's Environment," New Left Review 222 (1997): 3-41; Bin Zhao, "Consumerism, Confucianism, Communism: Making Sense of China Today," New Left Review 222 (1991): 43-59.
15. Immanuel Wallerstein, "1968 and the World Revolution," in Geopolitics and Geoculture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 65-83.
16. The Economist, January 8, 1994, 16.
17. This term came to public prominence following the publication and discussion around Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison's Deindustrialization (New York: Random House, 1982).
18. C.f.: The "need of a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe. It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere." K. Marx and F. Engels, The Communist Manifesto (New York: Appleton Century Crofts, 1955), 13.
19. See the discussion in Michael Featherstone, ed., Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity (London: Sage, 1990); and Manuel Castells, The Informational City (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989); Castells, The Rise of Network Society (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1996); Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
20. See the discussion in Michael Featherstone, ed., Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity (London: Sage, 1990); and Manuel Castells, The Informational City (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989); Castells, The Rise of Network Society (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1996); Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
21. See the discussion in Michael Featherstone, ed., Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity (London: Sage, 1990); and Manuel Castells, The Informational City (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989); Castells, The Rise of Network Society (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1996); Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
22. See the discussion in Michael Featherstone, ed., Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity (London: Sage, 1990); and Manuel Castells, The Informational City (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989); Castells, The Rise of Network Society (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1996); Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
23. Paul Craig Roberts, "The G.O.P. contract is too mild," New York Times, December 3, 1994.
24. David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989).
25. Kevin Cox, "The Politics of Globalization: A Sceptic's View," Political Geography 11 (1992): 428.
26. Saskia Sassen, The Migration of Labour and Capital (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Appadurai, Modernity at Large.
27. Saskia Sassen, The Migration of Labour and Capital (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); Appadurai, Modernity at Large.
28. See, for example, Cindi Katz, "Textures of Global Change: Eroding Ecologies of Childhood in New York and Sudan," Childhood 2 (1994): 103-110.
29. Roberts, "G.O.P. contract."
30. Capital, vol. 1 (New York: International Publishers, 1967), 397. For a development of this argument about equalization, see Neil Smith, Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space, 2d ed. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991), 113-119.
31. Capital, vol. 1 (New York: International Publishers, 1967), 397. For a development of this argument about equalization, see Neil Smith, Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space, 2d ed. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991), 113-119.
32. See the classic study by Michael Watts: Silent Violence (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983); and Richard W. Franke and Barbara H. Chasin, Seeds of Famine: Ecological Destruction and the Development Dilemma in the West African Sahel (Montclair, N.J.: Allanheld, Osmun, 1980).
33. See the classic study by Michael Watts: Silent Violence (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983); and Richard W. Franke and Barbara H. Chasin, Seeds of Famine: Ecological Destruction and the Development Dilemma in the West African Sahel (Montclair, N.J.: Allanheld, Osmun, 1980).
34. See Martin J. Murray, The Revolution Deferred: The Painful Birth of Post-Apartheid South Africa (London: Verso, 1994). On Nigeria, Michael Watts documents the "shock of modernity" in Allan Pred and Michael John Watts, Reworking Modernity: Capitalisms and Symbolic Discontent (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992), 21-63.
35. See Martin J. Murray, The Revolution Deferred: The Painful Birth of Post-Apartheid South Africa (London: Verso, 1994). On Nigeria, Michael Watts documents the "shock of modernity" in Allan Pred and Michael John Watts, Reworking Modernity: Capitalisms and Symbolic Discontent (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1992), 21-63.
36. Robert D. Kaplan: "Coming Anarchy: How Scarcity, Crime, Overpopulation, Tribalism, and Disease Are Rapidly Destroying the Social Fabric of Our Planet," Atlantic Monthly, February 1994, 44-76; Robert D. Kaplan, The Ends of the Earth (New York: Random House, 1996).
37. Robert D. Kaplan: "Coming Anarchy: How Scarcity, Crime, Overpopulation, Tribalism, and Disease Are Rapidly Destroying the Social Fabric of Our Planet," Atlantic Monthly, February 1994, 44-76; Robert D. Kaplan, The Ends of the Earth (New York: Random House, 1996).
38. Howard W. French, "In Africa, West can pay now, or later," New York Times, February 26, 1995: "A Rescue for Africa," International Herald Tribune, January 13-14, 1990. If West Africa (especially Nigeria) is included along with South Africa, the figures for debt are much higher, but despite debt service, they are not increasing rapidly. See World Bank, World Debt Tables 1994-1995 (Washington, D.C.: 1994), 216. As one commentator has said, "You could write off all of Africa's [not just sub-Saharan Africa's] debts tomorrow, and it wouldn't affect international financial markets" (Thomas Callaghy, quoted in French, "In Africa").
39. Howard W. French, "In Africa, West can pay now, or later," New York Times, February 26, 1995: "A Rescue for Africa," International Herald Tribune, January 13-14, 1990. If West Africa (especially Nigeria) is included along with South Africa, the figures for debt are much higher, but despite debt service, they are not increasing rapidly. See World Bank, World Debt Tables 1994-1995 (Washington, D.C.: 1994), 216. As one commentator has said, "You could write off all of Africa's [not just sub-Saharan Africa's] debts tomorrow, and it wouldn't affect international financial markets" (Thomas Callaghy, quoted in French, "In Africa").
40. Howard W. French, "In Africa, West can pay now, or later," New York Times, February 26, 1995: "A Rescue for Africa," International Herald Tribune, January 13-14, 1990. If West Africa (especially Nigeria) is included along with South Africa, the figures for debt are much higher, but despite debt service, they are not increasing rapidly. See World Bank, World Debt Tables 1994-1995 (Washington, D.C.: 1994), 216. As one commentator has said, "You could write off all of Africa's [not just sub-Saharan Africa's] debts tomorrow, and it wouldn't affect international financial markets" (Thomas Callaghy, quoted in French, "In Africa").
41. Howard W. French, "In Africa, West can pay now, or later," New York Times, February 26, 1995: "A Rescue for Africa," International Herald Tribune, January 13-14, 1990. If West Africa (especially Nigeria) is included along with South Africa, the figures for debt are much higher, but despite debt service, they are not increasing rapidly. See World Bank, World Debt Tables 1994-1995 (Washington, D.C.: 1994), 216. As one commentator has said, "You could write off all of Africa's [not just sub-Saharan Africa's] debts tomorrow, and it wouldn't affect international financial markets" (Thomas Callaghy, quoted in French, "In Africa").
42. "U.S. to Close 21 Foreign Aid Missions," Washington Post, November 20, 1993; Steven Greenhouse, "It's a Hard Job Saving Foreign Aid (but the Job Is Still There)," New York Times, February 19, 1995.
43. "U.S. to Close 21 Foreign Aid Missions," Washington Post, November 20, 1993; Steven Greenhouse, "It's a Hard Job Saving Foreign Aid (but the Job Is Still There)," New York Times, February 19, 1995.
44. James Ridgeway, "Debt Again," Village Voice, August 9, 1994, 11.
45. See, for example, Richard O'Brien, Global financial Integration: The End of Geography (New York: Royal Institute of International Affairs and Council on Foreign Relations, 1992).
46. See Smith, Uneven Development, 99-113.
47. Rosa Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capitalism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1968); Bill Warren, imperialism: Pioneer of Capitalism (London: Verso, 1980).
48. Rosa Luxemburg, The Accumulation of Capitalism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1968); Bill Warren, imperialism: Pioneer of Capitalism (London: Verso, 1980).
49. Cindi Katz and Neil Smith, "LA Intifada: Interview with Mike Davis," Social Text 33 (1992).
50. Quoted in French, "In Africa."