Influence of animals on turbulence in the sea

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Volumn 273, Issue , 2004, Pages 65-79

  Huntley, Mark E ^a   Zhou, Meng ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal swimming; Epsilon; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; HYDRODYNAMICS; SWIMMING; TURBULENCE;

ANCHOA; ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BALAENOPTERA MUSCULUS; CETACEA; CLUPEA HARENGUS; DECAPODA (CRUSTACEA); ENGRAULIS MORDAX; EUPHAUSIACEA; SCOMBRIDAE GEN. SP.; THUNNUS THYNNUS;

EID: 3042844211     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps273065     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Anis A, Moum J (1995) Surface wave-turbulence interactions: scaling ε(z) near the sea surface. J Phys Oceanogr 25:2025-2045
2. Au D, Pitman R (1986) Seabird interactions with dolphins and tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific. Condor 88:304-317
3. Azuma A (1992) The biokinetics of flying and swimming. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo
4. Azuma T, Iwata M (1994) Influences of illumination intensity on the nearest neighbour distance in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. J Fish Biol 45:1113-1118
5. BIOMASS (1986) Post-FIBEX acoustic workshop. BIOMASS Rep Ser 40
6. Blackburn M (1965) Oceanography and ecology of tunas. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 3:299-322
7. Block BA, Dewar H, Blackwell SB, Williams TD and 7 others (2001) Migratory movements, depth preferences, and thermal biology of Atlantic bluefin tuna. Science 293:1310-1314
8. Brainerd K, Gregg M (1995) Surface mixed and mixing layer depths. Deep-Sea Res 1 42:1521-5143
9. Breder CJ, Halpern F (1946) Innate and acquired behavior affecting the aggregation of fishes. Physiol Zool 19:154-190
10. Brill R, Lutcavage M, Metzger G, Bushnell P, Arendt M, Lucy J, Watson C, Foley D (2002) Horizontal and vertical movements of juvenile bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), in relation to oceanographic conditions of the western North Atlantic, determined with ultrasonic telemetry. Fish Bull 100:155-167
11. Burgess J, Shaw E (1979) Development and ecology of fish schooling. Oceanus 27:11-17
12. Buskey E (2000) Role of vision in the aggregative behavior of the planktonic mysid Mysidium columbiae. Mar Biol 137:257-265
13. Buskey E, Peterson J, Ambler J (1996) The swarming behavior of the copepod Diothona oculata: In situ and laboratory studies. Limnol Oceanogr 41:513-521
14. Caparroy P, Perez M, Carlotti F (1998) Feeding behavior of Centropages typicus in calm and turbulent conditions. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 168:109-118
15. Cheng JY, Chahine G (2001) Computational hydrodynamics of animal swimming: boundary element method and three-dimensional vortex wake structure. Comp Biochem Physiol A 131:51-60
16. Costello JH, Strickler JR, Marassé C, Trager GZ, R., Freise AJ (1990) Grazing in a turbulent environment: behavioral response of a calanoid copepod, Centropages hamatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:1648-1652
17. Csirke J (1980) Recruitment in the Peruvian anchovy and its dependence on the adult population. Rapp P-V Réun Cons Int Explor Mer 177:307-313
18. Culik B, Wilson R, Bannasch R (1994) Underwater swimming at low energetic cost by pygoscelid penguins. J Exp Biol 197:65-78
19. Dahlheim M, Leatherwood J, Perrin W (1982) Distribution of killer whales in the warm temperate and tropical eastern Pacific. Rep Int Whaling Comm 32:647-653
20. Dall W, Hill BJ, Rothlisberg PC, Sharples DJ (1990) The biology of the Penaeidae. Adv Mar Biol 27:1-489
21. Demer D, Hewitt R (1995) Bias in acoustic biomass estimates of Euphausia superba due to diel vertical migration. Deep-Sea Res I 42:455-475
22. Dore JE, Tien G, Letelier R, Parrish G, Szyper J, Burgett J, Karl DM (1992) RACER: Distributions of nitrogenous nutrients near receding pack ice in Marguerite Bay. Antarct J US 27:177-179
23. Dower J, Miller T, Leggett W (1997) The role of microscale turbulence in the feeding ecology of larval fish. Adv Mar Biol 31:169-220
24. Everson I, Watkins J, Bone D, Foote K (1990) Implications of a new acoustic target strength for abundance estimates of Antarctic krill. Nature 345:338-340
25. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (1997) FAO yearbook, fishery statistics, catches and landings, Vol 46. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
26. Fish F (1998) Comparative kinematics and hydrodynamics of odontocete cetaceans: morphological and ecological, correlates with swimming performance. J Exp Biol 201:2867-2877
27. Fish FE (1993) Power output and propulsive efiiciency of swimming bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). J Exp Biol 185:179-193
28. Fish FE, Fegeley JF, Xanthopolous CJ (1991) Burst-and-coast swimming in schooling fish (Notemisgonus crysoleucas) with implications for fish energy economy. Comp Biochem Physiol A 100:633-639
29. Foster T, Middleton J (1984) The oceanographic structure of the eastern Scotia Sea - I. Physical oceanography. Deep-Sea Res 31:529-550
30. Fréon P, Misund O (1999) Dynamics of pelagic fish distribution and behaviour: effects on fisheries and stock assessment. Fishing News Press, Oxford
31. Gilmore RM (1956) The California gray whale. Zoonooz 29:4-6
32. Goldsmith TH (1973) Photoreception and vision. In: Prosser CL (ed) Comparative animal physiology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, p 577-632
33. Graves J (1977) Photographic method for measuring spacing and density within anchovy, Engraulis mordax, school groups. Fish Bull 75:679-685
34. Guzmán O (1983) Distribution and abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the Bransfield Strait. Ber Polarforsch 4:169-190
35. Hamner WM (1984) Aspects of schooling in Euphausia superba. J Crustac Biol 4 (Spec. No. 1):67-74
36. Hanrahan B, Juanes F (2001) Estimating the number of fish in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) schools using models from captive school observations. Fish Bull 99:420-431
37. Hewitt R (1975) Sonar mapping in the California Current area: a review of recent developments. Calif Coop Ocean Fish Investig Rep 18:149-154
38. Hewitt R, Smith P, Brown J (1976) Development and use of sonar mapping for pelagic stock assessment in the California Current area. Fish Bull 74:281-300
39. Hill A (1950) The dimensions of animals and their muscular dynamics. Sci Prog (Lond) 38:208-230
40. Hoerner S (1965) Fluid-dynamic drag. SF Hoerner, Brick Town, NJ
41. Holliday D, Larsen H (1979) Thickness and depth distributions of some epipelagic fish schools off southern California. Fish Bull 77:489-494
42. Holm-Hansen O, Mitchell BG (1991) Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton and primary production in the western Bransfield Strait region. Deep-Sea Res 38:961-980
43. Holm-Hansen O, Villafañe VE, Helbling EW, Sala S (1993) AMLR program: rates of primary production around Elephant Island, Antarctica. Antarct J US 28:191-193
44. Horne E, Loder J, Naimie C, Oakey N (1996) Turbulence dissipation rates and nitrate supply in the upper water column on Georges Bank. Deep-Sea Res II 43:1683-1712
45. Hunter J, Coyne K (1982) The onset of schooling in northern anchovy larvae Engraulis mordax. Calif Coop Ocean Fish Investig Rep 23:246-251
46. Huntley ME, Brinton E (1991) Mesoscale variation in growth and early development of Euphausia superba Dana in the western Bransfield Strait region. Deep-Sea Res 38:1213-1240
47. Huntley ME, Zhou M, Nordhausen W (1995) Mesoscale distribution of zooplankton in the California Current in late spring, observed by Optical Plankton Counter. J Mar Res 53:647-674
48. Huse G, Railsback S, Fernö A (2002) Modelling changes in migration pattern of herring: collective behaviour and numerical domination. J Fish Biol 60:571-582
49. Hwang JS, Strickler J (1994) Effects of periodic turbulent events upon escape responses of a calanoid copepod Centropages hamatus. Bull Plankton Soc Jpn 41:117-130
50. Josse E, Bertrand A (2000) In situ acoustic target strength measurements of tuna associated with a fish aggregating device. ICES J Mar Sci 57:911-918
51. Kalinowski J (1983) Elementy biolgii, formy grupo wego wystepowania i zasoby Antarktycznego kryla Euphausia superba Dana/Crustacea. PhD thesis, Sea Fisheries Institute, Gdynia
52. Karl DM, Amos A, Holm-Hansen O, Huntley ME, Vernet M (1992) RACER: the Marguerite Bay ice-edge reconnaissance. Antarct J US 27:175-177
53. Kenney R (1990) Bottlenose dolphins off the northeastern United States. In: Leatherwood S, Reeves R (eds) The bottlenose dolphin. Academic Press, San Diego, p 369-386
54. Kils U (1979) Swimming speed and escape capacity of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. Meeresforschung 27:264-266
55. Kiørboe T, Saiz E (1995) Planktivorous feeding in calm and turbulent environments, with emphasis on copepods. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 122:135-145
56. Lasker R, Smith P (1977) Estimation of the effects of environmental variations on the eggs and larvae of the northern anchovy. Calif Coop Ocean Fish Investig Rep 19:128-137
57. Lee M, Lee K (1996) The larval anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) fishery in relation to the environmental factors in coastal waters of Fangliao, Taiwan. Fish Res 26:37-48
58. Lighthill MJ (1970) Aquatic animal propulsion of high hydrodynamical efficiency. J Fluid Mech 44:265-301
59. Lough R, Mountain D (1996) Effect of small-scale turbulence on feeding rates of larval cod and haddock in stratified water on Georges Bank. Deep-Sea Res II 43:1745-1772
60. Lozovatsky I, Dillon T, Erofeev A, Nabatov V (1999) Variations of thermohaline structure and turbulent mixing on the Black Sea shelf at the beginning of autumn cooling. J Mar Syst 21:255-282
61. Lutcavage M, Kraus S (1995) The feasibility of direct photographic assessment of giant bluefin tuna in New England waters. Fish Bull 95:300-310
62. Lutcavage M, Brill R, Skomal G, Chase B, Goldstein J, Tutein J (2000) Tracking adult North Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the northwestern Atlantic using ultrasonic telemetry. Mar Biol 137:347-358
63. Lyamin K (1966) Biology and fecundity of the spring-spawn-ing herring (Clupea harengus) in the Norwegian Sea. Tr Polyarn n-i i proyektn in-ta morsk rybn Kh-va i okeanogr 17 (cited in Serebrov 1976)
64. Macaulay MC, English TS, Mathisen OE (1984) Acoustic characterization of swarms of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) from Elephant Island and Bransfield Strait. J Crustac Biol 4 (Spec. No. 1):16-44
65. MacKenzie B, Kiørboe T (1995) Encounter rates and swimming behavior of pause-travel and cruise larval fish predators in calm and turbulent laboratory environments. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1278-1289
66. MacKenzie B, Kiørboe T (2000) Larval fish feeding and turbulence: a case for the downside. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1-10
67. MacKenzie B, Leggett W (1993) Wind-based models for estimating the dissipation rates of turbulent energy in aquatic environments: empirical comparison. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 94:207-216
68. Magnuson J, Block B, Deriso R, Gold J and 5 others (1994) An assessment of Atlantic bluefin tuna. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
69. Mais K (1974) Pelagic fish surveys in the California Current. Calif Fish Game 162:1-72
70. Marr JWS (1962) The natural history and geography of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana). Discov Rep 32:33-464
71. Massé J, Koutsikopoulos C, Patty W (1996) The structure and spatial distribution of pelagic fish schools in multi-species clusters: an acoustic study. ICES J Mar Sci 53:155-160
72. Mather FI (1962) Tunas (genus Thunnus) of the western North Atlantic. Part III: Distribution and behavior of Thunnus species Symposium on scombroid fishes. Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam, p 1-16
73. Mathisen O, Lemberg N, Johnson R (1983) Hydroacoustic indices as input to dynamic management systems of fish stocks. FAO Fish Rep 300:223-231
74. Mauchline J (1980) The biology of mysids and euphausiids. Adv Mar Biol 18:373-595
75. Mikhalev Y, Ivashin M, Savusin V, Zelenaya F (1981) The distribution and biology of killer whales in the Southern Hemisphere. Rep Int Whaling Comm 1:551-566
76. Miller DGM, Hampton I (1989) Krill aggregation characteristics: spatial distribution patterns from hydroacoustic observations. Polar Biol 10:125-134
77. Miller D, Barange M, Klindt M, Murray A, Hampton I, Siegel V (1993) Antarctic krill aggregation characteristics from acoustics in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. Mar Biol 117:171-183
78. Misund O (1993) Dynamics of moving masses: Variability in packing density, shape, and size among herring, sprat, and saithe schools. ICES J Mar Sci 50:145-160
79. Misund O, Coetzee J (2000) Recording fish schools by multi-beam sonar: potential for validating and supplementing echo integration recordings of schooling fish. Fish Res 47:149-159
80. Misund O, Aglen A, Beltestad A, Dalen J (1992) Relationships between the geometric dimensions and biomass of schools. ICES J Mar Sci 49:305-315
81. Mitchell BG, Holm-Hansen O (1991) Observations and modeling of the Antarctic phytoplankton crop in relation to mixing depth. Deep-Sea Res 38:981-1007
82. Morris MJ, Torres JJ, Gust G (1985) Propulsion efficiency and cost of transport for copepods: A hydromechanical model of crustacean swimming. Mar Biol 86:283-295
83. Morris MJ, Kohlhage K, Gust G (1990) Mechanics and energetics of swimming in the small copepod Acanthocyclops robustus (Cyclopoida). Mar Biol 103:83-91
84. Moum J, Gregg M, Lien R, Carr M (1995) Comparison of turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate estimates from two ocean microstructure profilers. J Atmos Ocean Technol 12:346-366
85. Müller U, van den Heuvel B, Stamhuis E, Videler J (1997) Fish foot-prints: morphology and energetics of the wake behind a continuously swimming mullet (Chelon labrosus Risso). J Exp Biol 200:2893-2906
86. Nemoto T (1962) Food of baleen whales collected in recent Japanese Antarctic expeditions. Sci Rep Whales Res Inst Tokyo 16:89-103
87. Niiler P, Amos A, Hu J (1991) Water masses and 200 m relative geostrophic circulation in the western Bransfield Strait region. Deep-Sea Res 38:943-959
88. Nottestad L, Aksland M, Beltestad A, Fernoe A, Johannessen A, Misund O (1996) Schooling dynamics of Norwegian spring spawning sardine (Clupea harengus L.) in a coastal spawning area. Sarsia 80:277-284
89. O'Brien D (1988) Surface schooling behaviour of the coastal krill Nyctiphanes australis (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) off Tasmania, Australia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 42:219-233
90. Ohshimo S (1996) Acoustic estimation of biomass and school character of Engraulis japonicus in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Fish Sci 62:344-349
91. Olson D, Hitchcock G, Mariano A, Ashjian C, Peng G, Nero R, Podesta G (1994) Life on the edge: marine life and fronts. Oceanography 7:52-60
92. Omori M, Ikeda T (1984) Methods in marine zooplankton ecology. John Wiley & Sons, New York
93. Pedersen J (2001) Hydroacoustic measurement of swimming speed of North Sea saithe in the field. J Fish Biol 58:1073-1085
94. Pitcher T (1986) Functions of shoaling behaviour in teleosts. In: Pitcher T (ed) The behaviours of teleost fishes. Croom Helm, London, p 294-337
95. Pitcher T, Partridge B (1979) Fish school density and volume. Mar Biol 54:383-394
96. Pond S, Pickard GL (1989) Introductory dynamical oceanography. Pergamon Press, Oxford
97. Radakov DV (1973) Schooling in the ecology of fish. Halsted Press, J Wiley & Sons, New York
98. Ragulin A (1969) Underwater observations on krill. Trudy Vsesyouznogo Naucho-essledovatel'skogo Instituta Morskogo Rybnogo Khosyaitsiva i Okeanografi (Tr VNIRO) 66:231-234
99. Rice DW (1989) Sperm whale - Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758. In: Ridgway SH, Harrison R (eds) Handbook of marine mammals, Vol 4. Academic Press, London, p 177-233
100. Ricketts C, Watkins J, Morris D, Buchholz F, Priddle J (1992) An assessment of the biological and acoustic characteristics of swarms of Antarctic krill. Deep-Sea Res I 39:350-371
101. Ridgway SH, Harrison R (eds) (1985) The sirenians and baleen whales, Vol 3. Academic Press, London
102. Ridgway SH, Harrison R (eds) (1996) The first book of dolphins, Vol 5. Academic Press, London
103. Rothschild BJ, Osborn TR (1988) Small-scale turbulence and plankton contact rates. J Plankton Res 10:465-474
104. Saayman G, Tayler C, Bower D (1973) Diurnal activity cycles in captive and free-ranging Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus Ehrenberg). Behaviour 44:212-233
105. Serebrov L (1976) Relationship between school density and size of fish. J Ichthyol 16:135-140
106. Shane S, Wells R, Würsig B (1986) Ecology, behavior and social organization of the bottlenose dolphin: a review. Mar Mamm Sci 2:34-63
107. Smith P (1970) The horizontal dimensions and abundance of fish schools in the upper mixed layer as measured by sonar. In: Farquhar G (ed) International Symposium on Sound Scattering in the Ocean. Department of the Navy, Washington, DC, p 563-591
108. Stelle L, Blake R, Trites A (2000) Hydrodynamic drag in steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). J Exp Biol 203:1915-1923
109. Strickler JR (1975) Swimming of planktonic Cyclops species (Copepoda, Crustacea): Pattern, movements and their control. In: Wu TYT (ed) Swimming and flying in nature, Vol 1. Plenum Press, New York, p 599-613
110. Torres JJ (1984) Relationship of oxygen consumption to swimming speed in Euphausia pacifica. II. Drag, efficiency and a comparison with other swimming organisms. Mar Biol 78:231-237
111. Videler JJ, Nolet BA (1990) Costs of swimming measured at optimum speed: scale effects, differences between swimming styles, taxonomic groups and submerged and surface swimming. Comp Biochem Physiol A 97:91-99
112. Videler J, Stamhuis E, Müller U, van Duren L (2002) The scaling and structure of aquatic animal wakes. Integr Comp Biol 45:988-996
113. Visser A, Saito H, Saiz E, Kiørboe T (2001) Observations of copepod feeding and vertical distribution under natural turbulent conditions in the North Sea. Mar Biol 138:1011-1019
114. Vlymen W (1970) Energy expenditure of swimming copepods. Limnol Oceanogr 15:348-356
115. Vogel S (1981) Life in moving fluids: the physical biology of flow. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
116. Vrooman A, Smith P (1972) Biomass of the subpopulations of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax Girard. Calif Coop Ocean Fish Investig Rep 15:49-51
117. Wardle C, Soofiani N, O'Neill F, Glass C, Johnstone A (1996) Measurements of aerobic metabolism of a school of horse mackerel at different swimming speeds. J Fish Biol 49:854-862
118. Watkins J, Murray A (2000) Layers of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba: Are they just long krill swarms? Mar Biol 131:237-247
119. Webb PW (1975) Hydrodynamics and energetics of fish propulsion. Bull Fish Res Board Can 190:1-159
120. Weihs D (1977) Effects of size on sustained swimming speeds of aquatic organisms. In: Pedley T (ed) Scale effects in animal locomotion. Academic Press, London, p 333-338
121. Whoriskey FG, Wooton RJ (1987) The swimming endurance of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., from the Afon Rheidol, Wales. J Fish Biol 30:335-339
122. Wiese K (1996) Sensory capacities of euphausiids in the context of schooling. Mar Freshw Behav Physiol 28:183-194
123. Wolman AA (1985) Gray whale - Eschrichtius robustus. In: Harrison R (ed) Handbook of marine mammals, Vol 3. Academic Press, London, p 67-90
124. Wu T (1971) Hydrodynamics of swimming fishes and cetaceans. Adv Appl Math 11:1-63
125. Zaferman ML (1973) Observations on capelin in the area of Hope Island. Transi Ser Fish Res Board Can 2840. (Transl of Nablyudeniya za moivoi rayone o Nade-zhdy. From: Rybokhoz Issled Sev Bass 19:93-100
126. Zaferman ML (1973) Observations on capelin in the area of Hope Island. Transi Ser Fish Res Board Can 2840. (Transl of Nablyudeniya za moivoi rayone o Nade-zhdy. From: Rybokhoz Issled Sev Bass 19:93-100
127. Zhou M, Nordhausen W, Huntley ME (1994) ADCP measurements of the distribution and abundance of euphausiids near the Antarctic Peninsula in winter. Deep-Sea Res 141:1425-1445