Q fever outbreak in industrial setting

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 1282-1289

  Van Woerden, Hugo C ^a,e   Mason, Brendan W ^a   Nehaul, Lika K ^b   Smith, Robert ^a   Salmon, Roland L ^a   Healy, Brendan ^b   Valappil, Manoj ^c   Westmoreland, Diana ^c   De Martin, Sarah ^b   Evans, Meirion R ^a   Lloyd, Graham ^d   Hamilton Kirkwood, Marysia ^b   Williams, Nina S ^a  

^a PUBLIC HEALTH WALES   (United Kingdom)

^b Department of Public Health ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF WALES   (United Kingdom)

^d Special Pathogens Reference Unit   (United Kingdom)

^e CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AEROSOL; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; COXIELLA BURNETII; DATA ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE; Q FEVER; QUESTIONNAIRE; STRAW; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 3042820195     PISSN: 10806040     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3201/eid1007.030536     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Williams J, Sanchez V. Q fever and coxiellosis. In: Beran G, Steele J, editors. Handbook of zoonoses. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press; 1994. p. 429-46.
2. Salmon M, Howells B, Glencross E, Evans A, Palmer S. Q fever in an urban area. Lancet. 1982;1:1002-4.
3. Hawker JI, Ayres JG, Blair I, Evans MR, Smith DL, Smith EG, et al. A large outbreak of Q fever in the West Midlands: windborne spread into a metropolitan area? Commun Dis Public Health. 1998;1:180-7.
4. Welsh H, Lennette E, Abinanti F, Winn J. Q fever in California: IV. Occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in the birth fluids of naturally infected sheep. Am J Hyg. 1953;58:385-8.
5. Christie A. Infectious diseases. 4th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1987.
6. Philip C. Observations on experimental Q fever. J Parisitol. 1948;34:457-64.
7. Williams J. Virulence and pathogenicity of Coxiella burnetii for various hosts. In: Williams J, Thompson H, editors. The biology of Coxiella burnetii. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1991.
8. Hellenbrand W, Breuer T, Petersen L. Changing epidemiology of Q fever in Germany, 1947-1999. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:789-96.
9. Kennedy F. Q fever is Scotland 1985. Aberdeen, Scotland: Aberdeen University; 1994.
10. Marmion B, Stoker M. The epidemiology of Q fever in Great Britain, an analysis of the findings and some conclusions. BMJ. 1958;2:809-16.
11. Thomas DR, Treweek L, Salmon RL, Kench SM, Coleman TJ, Meadows D, et al. The risk of acquiring Q fever on farms: a seroepidemiological study. Occup Environ Med. 1995;52:644-7.
12. Gregg M. Field epidemiology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002.
13. Mehta C, Patel N, Gray R. Exact confidence limits. J Am Stat Assoc. 1985;78:969-73.
14. Smith DL, Ayres JG, Blair I, Burge PS, Carpenter MJ, Caul EO, et al. A large Q fever epidemic in the West Midlands: clinical features. Respir Med. 1993;87:509-16.
15. Choiniere Y, Munroe J. Farm workers' health problems related to air quality inside livestock barns. Ontario, Canada: Canadian Government Publishing, Health Canada; 2001.
16. Hazard prevention and control in the work environment: airborne dust. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.
17. Harvey M. An outbreak of Q fever in East Kent. Lancet. 1951;2:1152-7.
18. McCaul T. The developmental cycle of Coxiella burnetii. In: Williams J, Thompson H, editors. The biology of Coxiella burnetii. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1991. p. 42-8.
19. Material safety data sheet-infectious substances, section i-infectious agent, name: Bacillus anthracis. Ontario, Canada: Canadian Government Publishing, Health Canada; 2003.
20. Webster JP. Wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) as a zoonotic risk on farms in England and Wales. Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1996;6:R46-9.
21. Comer JA, Paddock CD, Childs JE. Urban zoonoses caused by Bartonella, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia species. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2001;1:91-118.
22. Holland W, Rowson K, Taylor C, Allen A, French-Constant M, Smelt C. Q fever in the RAF in Great Brittain in 1958. BMJ. 1960:387-90.
23. Meiklejohn G, Reimer LG, Graves PS, Helmick C. Cryptic epidemic of Q fever in a medical school. J Infect Dis. 1981;144:107-13.
24. Rustscheff S, Norlander L, Macellaro A, Sjostedt A, Vene S, Carlsson M. A case of Q fever acquired in Sweden and isolation of the probable etiological agent, Coxiella burnetii from an indigenous source. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32:605-7.
25. Oliphant J, Gordon D, Meis A, Parker R. Q fever in laundry workers, presumably transmitted from contaminated clothing. Am J Hyg. 1949;49:76.
26. Reilly S, Northwood JL, Caul EO. Q fever in Plymouth, 1972-88. A review with particular reference to neurological manifestations. Epidemiol Infect. 1990;105:391-408.
27. Robbins F, Gauld R, Warner F. Q fever in the Mediterranean area: report of its occurrence in Allied troops. II. Epidemiology. Am J Hyg. 1946;44:23-43.
28. Ruach AM, Tanner M, Pacer RE, Barrett MJ, Brokopp CD, Schonberger LB. Sheep-associated outbreak of Q fever, Idaho. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:341-4.
29. Serbezov VS, Kazar J, Novkirishki V, Gatcheva N, Kovacova E, Voynova V. Q fever in Bulgaria and Slovakia. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:388-94.
30. Varga V. An explosive outbreak of Q-fever in Jedl'ove Kostol'any, Slovakia. Cent Eur J Public Health. 1997;5:180-2.
31. DeFilippis V. An outbreak of Q fever in a community in the province of Varese (Italy). Trop Dis Bull. 1955;52:527.
32. Gutscher V, Nufer K. Ueber eine Queensland fever-endemie in Brenigarten (Kt. Aargan). Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1948;78:1064.
33. Giroud P, Goulon M. The Derrick-Burnet disease of Q fever in France. Bull Inst Natl Hyg. 1952;7:877.
34. Kaizl L. Q fever epidemic in cotton spinners. Lekarstri (Praha). 1956;8:300.
35. Mimoume G, Pierron N, Vastil G, Marc P. A large explosive outbreak of Q fever among young French soldiers in Batna, (Algeria). Trop Dis Bull. 1956;53:738.
36. Sigel MM, Scott TFM, Henle W, Janton OH. Q fever in a wool and hair processing plant. Am J Public Health. 1950;40:524.
37. Colbeck I. Physical and chemical properties of aerosols. London: Blackie Academic Press; 1998.
38. Commission on acute respiratory diseases. Epidemics of Q fever among troops returning from Italy in the spring of 1945. Am J Hyg. 1946;44:88-102.
39. Wegmann T. Ueber eine Q-fever (Queensland fieber)-epidemie in Graubunder. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1948;78:529.
40. Greene CM, Reefhuis J, Tan C, Fiore AE, Goldstein S, Beach MJ, et al. Epidemiologic investigations of bioterrorism-related anthrax, New Jersey, 2001. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:1048-55.
41. Palmer SR. Epidemiology in search of infectious diseases: methods in outbreak investigation. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1989;43:311-4.
42. Health and Safety Executive Statistics, Table RIDDOR01: Cases of occupational disease reported under RIDDOR (a). Sheffield, United Kingdom: Health and Safety Executive; 2002.
43. Wood dust: hazards and precautions. Woodworking Sheet No 1 (revised). Sheffield, United Kingdom: Health and Safety Executive; 2001.
44. Selection of respiratory protective equipment suitable for use with wood dust WIS14. Sheffield, United Kingdom: HSE Books; 1991.
45. Industrial Injuries Advisory Council. Chlamydiosis and Q fever: report by the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council in accordance with SI 41 of the Social Security Act 1975 etc. London: Department of Social Security; 1989.
46. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations. (1988) Approved Code of Practice. 2nd ed. Norwich, United Kingdom: HMSO; 1988.
47. Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens. Second supplement to: categorisation of biological agents according to hazard and categories of containment. 4th ed. Norwich, United Kingdom: HMSO; 2000.