Gender, race, and perceived environmental risk:the “white male“ effect in cancer alley, la

Sociological Spectrum

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 453-478

  Marshall, Brent K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 3042816673     PISSN: 02732173     EISSN: 15210707     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02732170490459485     Document Type: Note

References (65)

1. Adeola, Francs O. 1995. “Demographic and Socioeconomic Differentials in Residential Propinquity to Harzardous Waste Sites and Environmental Illness.” Journal of the Community Development Society 26:15–39.
2. Adeola, Francs O. 2000. “Endangered Community, Enduring People: Toxic Contamination, Health, and Adaptive Responses in a Local Context.” Environment and Behavior 32:209–49.
3. Adler, John. 1990. “Troubled Waters.” Newsweek, April 16, p. 66.
4. Alper, Joe. 1993. “The Pipeline is Leaking Women All the Way Along.” Science 260:409–11.
5. Arcury, Thomas A., Susan Scollay, and Timothy P. Johnson. 1987. “Sex Differences in Environmental Concern and Knowledge.” Sex Roles 16:463–72.
6. Barke, Richard P., Hank Jenkins-Smith, and Paul Slovic. 1997. “Risk Perceptions of Men and Women Scientists.” Social Science Quarterly 78:167–76.
7. Beutel, Ann M. and Margaret M. Marini. 1995. “Gender and Values.” American Sociological Review 60:436–48.
8. Blocker, T. Jean and Douglas L. Eckberg. 1989. “Environmental Issues as Women’s Issues: General Concerns and Local Hazards.” Social Science Quarterly 70:586–93.
9. Blocker, T. 1997. “Gender and Environmentalism: Results from the 1993 General Social Survey.” Social Science Quarterly 78:841–58.
10. Bord, Richard J. and Robert E. O’Connor. 1997. “The Gender Gap in Environmental Attitudes: The Case of Perceived Vulnerability to Risk.” Social Science Quarterly 78:830–40.
11. Brody, Charles. J. 1984. “Differences by Sex in Support of Nuclear Power.” Social Forces 63:209–28.
12. Bullard, Robert D. 1990. Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
13. Burby, Raymond J. and Denise E. Strong. 1997. “Coping with Chemicals: Blacks, Whites, Planners, and Industrial Pollution.” Journal of the American Planning Association 63:469–80.
14. Crawford, Mary and Rhoda K. Unger. 1996. Women and Gender: A Feminist Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Davidson, Debra and William Freudenberg. 1996. “Gender and Environmental Risk Concerns: A Review and Analysis of Available Research.” Environment and Behavior 28:302–39.
15. Dietz, Thomas, R. Scott Frey, and Eugene Rosa. 2002. “Risk, Technology, and Society.” Pp. 329–69 in Handbook of Environmental Sociology, edited by R. E. Dunlap and W. Michelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
16. Eagly, Alice H. 1987. Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social Role Interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
17. Ellis, William S. 1993. “The Mississippi River Under Siege.” National Geographic, November, p. 90.
18. Finucane, Melissa L., Ali Alhakami, Paul Slovic, and Stephen M. Johnson. 2000a. “The Affect Heuristic in Judgments of Risks and Benefits.” Pp. 413–29 in The Perception of Risk, edited by P. Slovic. London: Earthscan Publications.
19. Finucane, Melissa L., Paul Slovic, C. K. Mertz, James Flynn, and Theresa A. Satterfield. 2000b. “Gender, Race, and Perceived Risk: The ‘White Male’ Effect.” Health, Risk & Society 2:159–72.
20. Flynn, James, Paul Slovic, and C. K. Mertz. 1994. “Gender, Race, and Perception of Environmental Health Risks.” Risk Analysis 14:1101–08.
21. Freudenberg, William R. 1988. “Perceived Risk, Real Risk: Social Science and the Art of Probabilistic Risk Assessment.” Science 242:44–9.
22. Freudenberg, William R. 1997. “Contamination, Corrosion, and the Social Order: An Overview.” Current Sociology 45(3):19–40.
23. Funtowics, Silvio O. and Jerome R. Ravetz. 1992. “Three Types of Risk Assessment and Emergence of Post-normal Science.” Pp. 251–97 in Social Theories of Risk, edited by S. Krimsky and D. Golding. Westport, CT: Praeger.
24. Gecas, Victor and Michael L. Schwalbe. 1983. “Beyond the Looking-Glass Self: Social Structure and Efficacy-Based Self-Esteem.” Social Psychology Quarterly 46:77–88.
25. George, David L. and Priscilla L. Southwell. 1986. “Opinion on the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The Effects of Situation and Socialization.” Social Science Quarterly 67:722–35.
26. Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
27. Greenberg, Michael R. and Dona F. Schneider. 1995. “Gender Differences in Risk Perception: Effects Differ in Stressed vs. Non-Stressed Environments.” Risk Analysis 15:503–11.
28. Gutteling, Jan M. and Oene Wiegman. 1993. “Gender-Specific Reactions to Environmental Hazards in the Netherlands.” Sex Roles 28:433–47.
29. Gwartney-Gibbs, Patricia A. and Denise H. Lach. 1991. “Sex Differences in Attitudes Toward Nuclear War.” Journal of Peach Research 28:161–74.
30. Hamilton, Lawrence.C. 1985a. “Who Cares About Water Pollution? Opinions in a Small-Town Crisis.” Sociological Inquiry 55:170–81.
31. Hamilton, Lawrence.C. 1985b. “Concerns About Toxic Wastes: Three Demographic Predictors.” Sociological Perspectives 28:463–86.
32. Hoban, Thomas, Eric Woodrum, and Ronald Czaja. 1992. “Public Opposition to Genetic Engineering.” Rural Sociology 57:476–93.
33. Howard, Judith A. and Jocelyn A. Hollander. 1996. Gendered Situations, Gendered Selves. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
34. Kasperson, Roger E., Ortwin W. Renn, Paul Slovic, Halina S. Brown, Jacque Emel, Robert Goble, Jeanne X. Kasperson, and Samuel Ratick. 1988. “The Social Amplification of Risk: A Conceptual Framework.” Risk Analysis 8:177–87.
35. Klineberg, Stephen, Matthew McKeever, and Bert Rothenbach. 1998. “Demographic Predictors of Environmental Concern: It Does Make a Difference How It’s Measured.” Social Science Quarterly 79:735–53.
36. Krauss, Celene. 1993. “Women and Toxic Waste Protests: Race, Class and Gender as Resources of Resistance.” Qualitative Sociology 16:247–62.
37. Krimsky, Sheldon and Dominic Golding, eds. 1992. Social Theories of Risk. Westport, CT: Praeger-Greenwood.
38. Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. 1991. Bulletin, 9, 1, 2, 3. MacGregor, Donald G., Paul Slovic, and Torbjoern Malmfors. 1999. “How Exposed Is Exposed Enough? Lay Inferences About Chemical Exposure.” Risk Analysis 19:649–61.
39. McStay, Jan R. and Riley E. Dunlap. 1983. “Male-Female Differences in Concern for Environmental Quality.” International Journal of Women’s Studies 6:291–301.
40. Mohai, Paul. 1992. “Men, Women, and the Environmental: An Examination of the Gender Gap in Environmental Concern and Activism.” Society and Natural Resources 4:1–19.
41. Mohai, Paul.1997. “Gender Differences in the Perception of Most Important Environmental Problems.” Race, Gender, & Class 5:153–69.
42. Myers, John. 1989. “Slip Sliding Away: Pollution Along the River.” New Orleans Times-Picayune, November 24, P. A58.
43. Nelkin, Dorothy. 1981. “Nuclear Power as a Feminist Issue.” Environment 23:14–39.
44. O’Connor, Robert, Richard J. Bord, and Ann Fisher. 1999. “Risk Perceptions, General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change.” Risk Analysis 19:461–71.
45. Pilisuk, Marc and Curt Acredolo. 1988. “Fear of Technological Hazards: One Concern or Many?” Social Behavior 3:17–24.
46. Rayner, Steve and Robin Cantor. 1987. “How Fair is Safe Enough? The Cultural Approach to Societal Technology Choice.” Risk Analysis 7:3–9.
47. Riechard, Donald E. and Jean McGarrity. 1994. “Early Adolescents’ Perceptions of Relative Risk from 10 Societal and Environmental Hazards.” Journal of Environmental Education 26:16–23.
48. Roberts, J. Timmons and Melissa M. Toffolon-Weiss. 2001. Chronicles from the Environmental Justice Frontline. New York: Cambridge University Press.
49. Savage, Ian. 1993. “Demographic Influences on Risk Perceptions.” Risk Analysis 8:413–20.
50. Schahn, Ariel K. and Erwin Holzer. 1990. “Studies of Individual Environmental Concern.” Environment and Behavior 22:767–86.
51. Short, James F. 1984. “The Social Fabric at Risk: Toward the Social Transformation of Risk Analysis.” American Sociological Review 49:711–25.
52. Slovic, Paul. 1993. “Perceived Risk, Trust and Democracy.” Risk Analysis 13:675–82.
53. Slovic, Paul.1997. “Public Perception of Risk.” Journal of Environmental Health. 59:22–25.
54. Slovic, Paul. 2000a. The Perception of Risk. London: Earthscan Publications.
55. Slovic, Paul. 2000b. “Trust, Emotion, Sex, Politics and Science: Surveying the Risk- Assessment Battlefield.” Pp. 390–412 in The Perception of Risk, edited by P. Slovic. London: Earthscan Publications.
56. Slovic, P., T. Malmfors, C. K. Mertz, N. Neil, and I. F. H Purchase. 1997. “Evaluating Chemical Risks: Results of a Survey of the British Toxicological Society.” Human and Experimental Toxicology 16:289–304.
57. Solomon, Lawrence S., Donald Tomaskovic-Devy, and Barbara J. Risman. 1989. “The Gender Gap and Nuclear Power.” Sex Roles 21:401–14.
58. Spigner, Clarence, Wesley Hawkins, and Wendy Loren. 1993. “Gender Differences in Perception of Risk Associated with Alcohol and Drug Use Among College Students.” Women and Health 20:87–97.
59. Steger, Mary Ann E. and Stephanie L. Witte. 1989. “Gender Differences in Environmental Orientations: A Comparison of Publics and Activists in Canada and the U.S.” Western Political Quarterly 42:627–49.
60. Stern, Paul C., Thomas Dietz, and Linda Kalof. 1993. “Value Orientations, Gender, and Environmental Concern.” Environment and Behavior 25:322–48.
61. Stout-Wiegand, Nancy and Roger B. Trent. 1983. “Sex Differences in Attitudes Toward New Energy Resource Developments.” Rural Sociology 48:637–46.
62. Umberson, Debra. 1993. “Sociodemographic Position, World Views, and Psychological Distress.” Social Science Quarterly 74:575–89.
63. Wilkinson, Sue and Celia Kitzinger, eds. 1996. Representing the Other: A Feminist and Psychology Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
64. Wright, Beverly. 1998. “Endangered Communities: The Struggle for Environmental Justice in the Louisiana Chemical Corridor.” Journal of Public Management & Social Policy 4:181–91.
65. Zelezny, Lynnette, Poh-Pheng Chua, and Christina Aldrich. 2000. “Elaborating on Gender Differences in Environmentalism.” Journal of Social Issues 56:443–57.