Reproductive modes, ontogenies, and the evolution of body form

Animal Biology

Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 209-223

  Wake, Marvalee H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Amphibians; Direct development; Genome sizes; Viviparity

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIAN; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; ONTOGENY; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY;

AMPHIBIA;

EID: 3042804803     PISSN: 15707555     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157075603322539426     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Blackburn, D.G. (1992) Convergent evolution of viviparity, matrotrophy and specializations for fetal nutrition in reptiles and other vertebrates. Am. Zool., 32, 313-321.
2. Bolker, J.A. (1995) Model systems in developmental biology. BioEssays, 17, 451-455.
3. Brauer, A. (1897) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Entwicklungsgeschichte und Anatomie der Gymnophionen. Zool. Jahrb. Anat., 10, 277-472.
4. Brauer, A. (1899) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Entwicklung und Anatomie der Gymnophionen. Zool. Jahrb. Anat., 12, 477-508.
5. Breckenridge, W.R., Nathanael, S. & Pereira, L. (1987) Some aspects of the biology and development of Ichthyophis glutinosus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). J. Zool. (London), 211, 437-449.
6. Callery, E.M., Fang, H. & Elinson, R.P. (2001) Frogs without polliwogs: evolution of anuran direct development. BioEssays, 23, 233-241.
7. Cannatella, D.C. & de Sá, R.O. (1993) Xenopus laevis as a model organism. Syst. Biol., 42, 476-507.
8. Chipman, A.D., Khaner, O., Haas, A. & Tchernov, E. (2001) The evolution of genome size: what can be learned from anuran development? J. Exp. Zool. Mol. Dev. Evol., 291, 365-374.
9. Collazo, A. (1996) Evolutionary correlations between early development and life history in plethodontid salamanders and teleost fishes. Am. Zool., 36, 116-131.
10. Collazo, A. & Marks, S.B. (1994) Development of Gyrinophilus porphyriticus: identification of the ancestral developmental pattern in the salamander family Plethodontidae. J. Exp. Zool., 268, 239-258.
11. Del Pino, E. (1989) Modifications of oogenesis and development in marsupial frogs. Development, 107, 169-187.
12. Del Pino, E. & Elinson, R.P. (1983) A novel developmental pattern for frogs: gastrulation produces an embryonic disk. Nature, 306, 589-591.
13. De Queiroz, K. (1985) The ontogenetic method for determining character polarity and its relevance to phylogenetic systematics. Syst. Zool., 34, 280-299.
14. Delsol, M., Flatin, J., Exbrayat, J.-M. & Bons, J. (1981) Développement de Typhlonectes compressicaudus, Amphibien apode vivipare. Hypothèses sur sa nutrition embryonnaire et larvaire par un ectotrophoblaste. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 293, 281-285.
15. Dopazo, H.J. & Korenblum, M. (2000) Viviparity in Salamandra salamandra (Amphibia: Salamandridae): adaptation or exaptation? Herpetologica, 56, 144-152.
16. Dullemeijer, P. (1974) Concepts and Approaches in Animal Morphology. Van Gorcum, Assen, The Netherlands.
17. Duenker, N., Wake, M.H. & Olson, W.M. (2000) Embryonic and larval development in the caecilian Ichthyophis kohtaoensis (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): A staging table. J. Morphol., 243, 3-34.
18. Elinson, R.P. (1987) Change in developmental patterns: Embryos of amphibians with large eggs. In: R.A. Raff & E.C. Raff (Eds.), Development as an Evolutionary Process, pp. 1-21. Allan R. Liss, New York.
19. Elinson, R.P. (1989) Egg evolution. In: D.B. Wake & G. Roth (Eds.), Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates, pp. 251-262. John Wiley, New York and Chichester.
20. Elinson, R.P. & Del Pino, E. (1985) Cleavage and gastrulation in the egg-brooding marsupial frog, Gastrotheca riobambae. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 90, 223-232.
21. Exbrayat, J.-M. & Hraoui-Bloquet, S. (1994) Un exemple d'heterochronie: la metamorphose chez les gymnophiones. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 119, 117-126.
22. Gatherer, D. & Del Pino, E. (1992) Somitogenesis in the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 36, 283-291.
23. Gregory, T.R. (2002) Amphibian Genome Sizes. http://www.genomesize.com/amphibians.htm
24. Guex, G.-D. & H. Greven (1994) Structural and physiological aspects of viviparity in Salamandra atra. Mertensiella, 4, 161-208.
25. Guillette, L.J. (1987) The evolution of viviparity in fish, amphibians, and reptiles: an endocrinological approach. In: D.O. Norris & R.E. Jones (Eds.), Hormones and Reproduction in Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles, pp. 523-562. Plenum Press, New York.
26. Hall, B.K. & Wake, M.H. (Eds.) (1999) The Origin and Evolution of Larval Forms. Academic Press, New York.
27. Hanken, J. (1979) Egg development time and clutch size in two neotropical salamanders. Copeia, 1979, 741-744.
28. Hanken, J. (1992) Life history and morphological evolution. J. Evol. Biol., 5, 549-557.
29. Hanken, J. (1993) Model systems versus outgroups: alternative approaches to the study of head development and evolution. Am. Zool., 30, 448-456.
30. Hanken, J. (1999) Larvae in amphibian development and evolution. In: B.K. Hall & M.H. Wake (Eds.), The Origin and Evolution of Larval Forms, pp. 61-108. Academic Press, New York.
31. Hanken, J., Klymkowsky, M.W., Alley, K.E. & Jennings, D.H. (1992) Jaw muscle development as evidence for embryonic repatterning in direct-developing frogs. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Series B, 264, 1349-1354.
32. Hanken, J. & Wake, D.B. (1993) Miniaturization, body size, organismal consequences and evolutionary significance. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 24, 501-519.
33. Hanken, J., Carl, T.F., Richardson, M.K., Olsson, L., Schlosser, G., Osabutey, C.K. & Klymkowsky, M.W. (2001) Limb development in a "nonmodel" vertebrate, the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui. J. Exp. Zool. Mol. Dev. Evol., 291, 375-388.
34. Joly, J. (1986) La reproduction de la salamandre terrestre (Salamandra salamandra L.). In: P.P. Grasse & M. Delsol (Eds.), Traité de Zoologie Amphibiens, Vol. 14, pp. 471-486. Masson, Paris.
35. Kellogg, E.A. & Shaffer, H.B. (1993) Model organisms in evolutionary studies. Syst. Biol., 42, 409-414.
36. Nishikawa, K.C., Roth, G. & Dicke, U. (1991) Motor neurons and motor columns of the anterior spinal cord of salamanders: posthatching development and phylogenetic distribution. Brain Behav. Evol., 37, 368-382.
37. Packard, G., Elinson, R.P., Gavaud, J., Guillette, L.H., Lombardi, J., Schindler, J.F., Shine, R., Tyndale-Biscoe, H., Wake, M.H., Xavier, F. & Yaron, Z. (1989) How are reproductive systems integrated and how has viviparity evolved? In: D.B. Wake & G. Roth (Eds.), Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates, pp. 281-293. John Wiley, New York and Chichester.
38. Richardson, M.K., Carl, T.F., Hanken, J., Elinson, R., Cope, C. & Bagley, P. (1998) Limb development and evolution: embryo with no apical ectodermal ridge (AER). J. Anat., 192, 379-390.
39. Richardson, M.K. (1999) Vertebrate evolution: the developmental origins of adult variation. BioEssays, 21, 604-613.
40. Roth, G., Blanke, J. & Wake, D.B. (1994) Cell size predicts morphological complexity in the brains of frogs and salamanders. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 4796-4800.
41. Roth, G., Nishikawa, K.C. & Wake, D.B. (1997) Genome size, secondary simplification, and the evolution of the brain in salamanders. Brain Behav. Evol., 1997, 50-59.
42. Roth, G., Nishikawa, K.C., Naujoks-Manteuffel, C., Schmidt, A. & Wake, D.B. (1993) Paedomorphosis and simplification in the nervous system of salamanders. Brain Behav. Evol., 42, 137-170.
43. Roth, G., Rotluff, B. & Linke, R. (1988) Miniaturization, genome size, and the origin of functional constraints in the visual system of salamanders. Naturwissenschaften, 75, 297-304.
44. Roth, G., Rotluff, B. & Grunwald, W. (1990) Miniaturization in plethodontid salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae) and its consequences for the brain and visual system. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 40, 165-190.
45. Roth, G. & Wake, D.B. (1985) Trends in the functional morphology and sensorimotor control of feeding behavior in salamanders: an example of internal dynamics in evolution. Acta Biotheor., 34, 175-192.
46. Sessions, S.K. & Kezer, J. (1991) Evolutionary cytogenetics of bolitoglossine salamanders (Family Plethodontidae). In: D.M. Green & S.K. Sessions (Eds.), Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution, pp. 89-130. Academic Press, San Diego and New York.
47. Sessions, S.K. & Larson, A. (1987) Developmental correlates of genome size in plethodontid salamanders and their implications for genome evolution. Evolution, 41, 1239-1251.
48. Wake, D.B. (1982) Functional and developmental constraints and opportunities in the evolution of feeding systems in urodeles. In: D. Mossakowski & G. Roth (Eds.), Environmental Adaptation and Evolution, pp. 51-66. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
49. Wake, D.B. (1989) Phylogenetic implications of ontogenetic data. Geobios, Memoire Special, 12, 369-378.
50. Wake, D.B. & Hanken, J. (1996) Direct development in the lungless salamanders: what are the consequences for developmental biology, evolution and phylogenesis? J. Dev. Biol., 40, 859-869.
51. Wake, D.B. & Larson, A. (1987) Multidimensional analysis of an evolving lineage. Science, 238, 42-48.
52. Wake, D.B. & Marks, S.B. (1993) Development and evolution of plethodontid salamanders: a review of prior studies and a prospectus for future research. Herpetologica, 49, 194-20.
53. Wake, D.B. & Roth, G. (1989) The linkage between ontogeny and phylogeny in the evolution of complex systems. In: D.B. Wake & G. Roth (Eds.), Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates, pp. 361-377. John Wiley, New York and Chichester.
54. Wake, M.H. (1977a) Fetal maintenance and its evolutionary significance in the Amphibia: Gymnophiona. J. Herpetol., 11, 379-386.
55. Wake, M.H. (1977b) The reproductive biology of caecilians: an evolutionary perspective. In: S.I. Guttman and D.H. Taylor (Eds.), The Reproductive Biology of Amphibians, pp. 73-102. Plenum, New York.
56. Wake, M.H. (1980) The reproductive biology of Nectophrynoides malcolmi (Amphibia: Bufonidae) with comments on the evolution of reproductive modes in the genus Nectophrynoides. Copeia, 1980, 193-209.
57. Wake, M.H. (1982) Diversity within a framework of constraints: amphibian reproductive modes. In: D. Mossakowski and G. Roth (Eds.), Environmental Adaptation and Evolution, pp. 87-106. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
58. Wake, M.H. (1986) The morphology of Idiocranium russeli (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), with comments on miniaturization through heterochrony. J. Morphol., 189, 1-16.
59. Wake, M.H. (1989) Phylogenesis of direct development and viviparity in vertebrates. In: D.B. Wake & G. Roth (Eds.), Complex Organismal Functions: Integration and Evolution in Vertebrates, pp. 235-250, John Wiley, New York and Chichester.
60. Wake, M.H. (1990) The evolution of integration of biological systems: an evolutionary perspective through studies on cells, tissues, and organs. Am. Zool., 30, 897-906.
61. Wake, M.H. (1993) Evolution of oviductal gestation in amphibians. J. Exp. Zool., 266, 394-413.
62. Wake, M.H. (1994) The concept of metamorphosis in viviparous vs. oviparous amphibians. Am. Zool., 34, 93A.
63. Wake, M.H. (2002) Viviparity and Oviparity. In: M. Pagel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Evolution, pp. 1141-143. Oxford University Press, New York.
64. Wake, M.H. (In press a) Embryonization and the evolution of viviparity. In: R.D. Pearson, B.K. Hall & G. Mueller (Eds.), The Environment and the Evolution of Development. MIT Press, Boston.
65. Wake, M.H. (In press b) Life history evolution. In: B.K. Hall & W.M. Olson (Eds.), Key Words in Development and Evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
66. Wake, M.H. & Dickie, R. (1998) Oviduct structure and function, and reproductive modes in amphibians. J. Exp. Zool., 282, 477-506.
67. Wake, M.H. & Hanken, J. (1982) The development of the skull of Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), with comments on skull kinesis and amphibian relationships. J. Morphol., 173, 203-223.
68. Wake, M.H. & Wake, D.B. (2000) Early developmental morphology of vertebrae in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): resegmentation and phylogenesis. Zool. Anal. Compl. Syst., 103, 68-88.
69. Xavier, F. (1977) An exceptional reproductive strategy in Anura: Nectophrynoides occidentalis Angel (Bufonidae), an example of adaptation to terrestrial life by viviparity. In: M.K. Hecht, P.C. Goody & B.M. Hecht (Eds.), Major Patterns in Vertebrate Evolution, pp. 545-552. Plenum Publishers, New York.
70. Xavier, F. (1986) La reproduction des Necrophrynoides. In: P.P. Grasse & M. Delsol (Eds.), Traité de Zoologie Amphibiens. Vol. 14, pp. 497-513, Masson, Paris.
71. Zweers, G.A. (1991) Transformation of avian feeding mechanisms: a deductive method. Acta Biotheor., 39, 15-36.
72. Zweers, G.A., H. Berkhout & J.C. Vanden Berge (1994) Behavioral mechanisms of avian feeding. Adv. Comp. Environ. Physiol., 18, 241-279.