DVT and pulmonary embolism: Part I. Diagnosis

American Family Physician

Volumn 69, Issue 12, 2004, Pages 2829-2836

  Ramzi, Dino W ^a   Leeper, Kenneth V ^a,b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

D DIMER;

ALGORITHM; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LUNG EMBOLISM; PHLEBOGRAPHY; RADIODIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; VALIDATION PROCESS;

DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PULMONARY EMBOLISM; RISK FACTORS; VENOUS THROMBOSIS;

EID: 3042784912     PISSN: 0002838X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3d. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:585-93.
2. Moser KM, LeMoine JR. Is embolic risk conditioned by location of deep venous thrombosis? Ann Intern Med 1981;94(4 pt 1):439-44.
3. Paget J. Clinical lectures and essays. London: Longmans, Green, 1875.
4. Ramzi DW, Leeper KV. DVT and pulmonary embolism: Part II. Treatment and prevention. Am Fam Physician 2004;69:2841-8.
5. Heit JA, O'Fallon WM, Petterson TM, Lohse CM, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, et al. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1245-8.
6. Mateo J, Oliver A, Borrell M, Sala N, Fontcuberta J. Laboratory evaluation and clinical characteristics of 2,132 consecutive unselected patients with venous thromboembolism-results of the Spanish Multicentric Study on Thrombophilia (EMET-Study). Thromb Haemost 1997;77:444-51.
7. Bauer KA. The thrombophilias: well-defined risk factors with uncertain therapeutic implications. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:367-73.
8. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Bormanis J, Guy F, Mitchell M, Gray L, et al. Value of assessment of pretest probability of deep-vein thrombosis in clinical management. Lancet 1997;350:1795-98.
9. Hirsh J, Hull RD, Raskob GE. Clinical features and diagnosis of venous thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;8(6 suppl B): 114B-27B.
10. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Healthcare guidelines. Venous thromboembolism. Accessed online February 6, 2004, at: http://www.icsi.org/ knowledge/detail.asp?catID=29&itemID=202.
11. Peterson DA, Kazerooni EA, Wakefield TW, Knipp BS, Forauer AR, Bailey BJ, et al. Computed tomographic venography is specific but not sensitive for diagnosis of acute lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis in patients with suspected pulmonary embolus. J Vasc Surg 2001;34:798-804.
12. Gottschalk A, Stein PD, Goodman LR, Sostman HD. Overview of Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis II. Semin Nucl Med 2002;32:173-82.
13. Fraser DG, Moody AR, Morgan PS, Martel AL, Davidson I. Diagnosis of lower-limb deep venous thrombosis: a prospective blinded study of magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:89-98.
14. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, Forgie M, Kearon C, Dreyer J, et al. Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1227-35.
15. Brotman DJ, Segal JB, Jani JT, Petty BG, Kickler TS. Limitations of D-dimer testing in unselected inpatients with suspected venous thromboembolism. Am J Med 2003;114:276-82.
16. Bates SM, Kearon C, Crowther M, Linkins L, O'Donnell M, Douketis J, et al. A diagnostic strategy involving a quantitative latex D-dimer assay reliably excludes deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:787-94.
17. Tapson VF, Carroll BA, Davidson BL, Elliott CG, Fedullo PF, Hales CA, et al. The diagnostic approach to acute venous thromboembolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:1043-66.
18. Cogo A, Prandoni P, Villalta S, Polistena P, Bernardi E, Simioni P, et al. Changing features of proximal vein thrombosis over time. Angiology 1994;45:377-82.
19. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, Ginsberg JS, Kearon C, Gent M, et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients' probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the model's utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemost 2000;83:416-20.
20. Kline JA, Johns KL, Colucciello SA, Israel EG. New diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism. Ann Emerg Med 2000;35:168-80.
21. The PIOPED Investigators. Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism. Results of the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA 1990;263:2753-9.
22. Wicki J, Perneger TV, Junod AF, Bounameaux H, Perrier A. Assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism in the emergency ward: a simple score. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:92-7.
23. Miniati M, Prediletto R, Formichi B, Marini C, Di Ricco G, Tonelli L, et al. Accuracy of clinical assessment in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:864-71.
24. Miniati M, Pistolesi M, Marini C, Di Ricco G, Formichi B, Prediletto R, et al. Value of perfusion lung scan in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: results of the Prospective Investigative Study of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PISA-PED). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154:1387-93.
25. Kline JA, Nelson RD, Jackson RE, Courtney DM. Criteria for the safe use of D-dimer testing in emergency department patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a multicenter U.S. study. Ann Emerg Med 2002;39:144-52.
26. Kline JA, Wells PS. Methodology for a rapid protocol to rule out pulmonary embolism in the emergency department [published correction appears in Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:600]. Ann Emerg Med 2003:42:266-75.
27. Kline JA, Wells PS. Methodology for a rapid protocol to rule out pulmonary embolism in the emergency department [published correction appears in Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:600]. Ann Emerg Med 2003:42:266-75.
28. Chagnon I, Bounameaux H, Aujesky D, Roy PM, Gourdier AL, Cornuz J, et al. Comparison of two clinical prediction rules and implicit assessment among patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Am J Med 2002;113:269-75.
29. Mullins MD, Becker DM, Hagspiel KD, Philbrick JT. The role of spiral volumetric computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:293-8.
30. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Baghaie F, Fribourg M, Artaud D, Duhamel A. Clinical value of thin collimation in the diagnostic workup of pulmonary embolism. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:407-11.
31. Kim KI, Muller NL, Mayo JR. Clinically suspected pulmonary embolism: utility of spiral CT. Radiology 1999;210:693-7.
32. Perrier A, Nendaz MR, Sarasin FP, Howarth N, Bounameaux H. Cost-effectiveness analysis of diagnostic strategies for suspected pulmonary embolism including helical computed tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:39-44.
33. Van Strijen MJ, de Monye W, Schiereck J, Kieft GJ, Prins MH, Huisman MV, et al. Single-detector helical computed tomography as the primary diagnostic test in suspected pulmonary embolism: a multicenter clinical management study of 510 patients [published correction appears in Ann Intern Med 2003;139(5 pt 1):387]. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:307-14.
34. Van Strijen MJ, de Monye W, Schiereck J, Kieft GJ, Prins MH, Huisman MV, et al. Single-detector helical computed tomography as the primary diagnostic test in suspected pulmonary embolism: a multicenter clinical management study of 510 patients [published correction appears in Ann Intern Med 2003;139(5 pt 1):387]. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:307-14.
35. Musset D, Parent F, Meyer G, Maitre S, Girard P, Leroyer C, et al. Diagnostic strategy for patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a prospective multicentre outcome study. Lancet 2002;360:1914-20.
36. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, Stiell I, Dreyer JF, Barnes D, et al. Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a simple clinical model and o-dimer. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:98-107.
37. American College of Emergency Physlcians (ACEP) Clinical Policies Committee. ACEP Clinical Policies Subcommittee on Suspected Lower-Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis. Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting with suspected lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis. Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:124-35.