메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 435-445

Microsatellites: Simple sequences with complex evolution

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA MICROARRAY; EVOLUTION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC MARKER; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; MICROSATELLITE MARKER; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SHORT TANDEM REPEAT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BIOLOGY; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETICS; METHODOLOGY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MUTATION;

EID: 3042782819     PISSN: 14710056     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrg1348     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1717)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 2042437650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
    • International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409, 860-921 (2001). The first description and analysis of a publicly released assembly of the human genome.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 860-921
  • 2
    • 0018894384 scopus 로고
    • Selfish genes, the phenotype paradigm and genome evolution
    • Doolittle, W. F. & Sapienza, C. Selfish genes, the phenotype paradigm and genome evolution. Nature 284, 601-603 (1980).
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 601-603
    • Doolittle, W.F.1    Sapienza, C.2
  • 3
    • 0018857680 scopus 로고
    • Selfish DNA the ultimate parasite
    • Orgel, L. E. & Crick, F. H. Selfish DNA: the ultimate parasite. Nature 284, 604-607 (1980).
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 604-607
    • Orgel, L.E.1    Crick, F.H.2
  • 4
    • 0025157834 scopus 로고
    • n polymorphisms
    • n polymorphisms. Genomics 7, 524-530 (1990).
    • (1990) Genomics , vol.7 , pp. 524-530
    • Weber, J.L.1
  • 5
    • 0027161022 scopus 로고
    • Mutation of human short tandem repeats
    • Weber, J. L. & Wong, C. Mutation of human short tandem repeats. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2, 1123-1128 (1993).
    • (1993) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 1123-1128
    • Weber, J.L.1    Wong, C.2
  • 6
    • 0034625266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the adaptive evolution of mutation rates
    • Metzgar, D. & Wills, C. Evidence for the adaptive evolution of mutation rates. Cell 101, 581-584 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell , vol.101 , pp. 581-584
    • Metzgar, D.1    Wills, C.2
  • 7
    • 1842717952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of amino acid repeats in rodents and humans
    • Albà, M. M. & Guigó, R. Comparative analysis of amino acid repeats in rodents and humans. Genome Res. 14, 549-545 (2004).
    • (2004) Genome Res. , vol.14 , pp. 549-545
    • Albà, M.M.1    Guigó, R.2
  • 8
    • 1542563409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome
    • Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature 420, 520-562 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 520-562
  • 9
    • 1842684068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution
    • Rat Genome Sequencing Project Consortium. Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature 428, 493-521 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , pp. 493-521
  • 10
    • 0037173031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite evolution inferred from human-chimpanzee genomic sequence alignments
    • Webster, M. T., Smith, N. G. & Ellegren, H. Microsatellite evolution inferred from human-chimpanzee genomic sequence alignments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 8748-8753 (2002). Provides an unbiased comparison of microsatellite length in humans and chimpanzees on the basis of orthologous genome sequence data.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 8748-8753
    • Webster, M.T.1    Smith, N.G.2    Ellegren, H.3
  • 11
    • 0033867488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High density of long dinucleotide microsatellites in Drosophila subobscura
    • Pascual, M., Schug, M. D. & Aquadro, C. F. High density of long dinucleotide microsatellites in Drosophila subobscura. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 1259-1267 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1259-1267
    • Pascual, M.1    Schug, M.D.2    Aquadro, C.F.3
  • 12
    • 0033736054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila virilis has long and highly polymorphic microsatellites
    • Schlotterer, C. & Harr, B. Drosophila virilis has long and highly polymorphic microsatellites. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 1641-1646 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1641-1646
    • Schlotterer, C.1    Harr, B.2
  • 13
    • 0030240434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple sequences in a 'minimal' genome
    • Hancock, J. M. Simple sequences in a 'minimal' genome. Nature Genet. 14, 14-15 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 14-15
    • Hancock, J.M.1
  • 14
    • 0033858199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellites in different eukaryotic genomes: Survey and analysis
    • Toth, G., Gaspari, Z. & Jurka, J. Microsatellites in different eukaryotic genomes: survey and analysis. Genome Res. 10, 967-981 (2000).
    • (2000) Genome Res. , vol.10 , pp. 967-981
    • Toth, G.1    Gaspari, Z.2    Jurka, J.3
  • 15
    • 0034946803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential distribution of simple sequence repeats in eukaryotic genome sequences
    • Katti, M. V., Ranjekar, P. K. & Gupta, V. S. Differential distribution of simple sequence repeats in eukaryotic genome sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18, 1161-1167 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 1161-1167
    • Katti, M.V.1    Ranjekar, P.K.2    Gupta, V.S.3
  • 16
    • 0036478903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellites are preferentially associated with nonrepetitive DNA in plant genomes
    • Morgante, M., Hanafey, M. & Powell, W. Microsatellites are preferentially associated with nonrepetitive DNA in plant genomes. Nature Genet. 30, 194-200 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Genet. , vol.30 , pp. 194-200
    • Morgante, M.1    Hanafey, M.2    Powell, W.3
  • 17
    • 0027285192 scopus 로고
    • The abundance of various polymorphic microsatellite motifs differs between plants and vertebrates
    • Lagercrantz, U., Ellegren, H. & Andersson, L. The abundance of various polymorphic microsatellite motifs differs between plants and vertebrates. Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 1111-1115 (1993).
    • (1993) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.21 , pp. 1111-1115
    • Lagercrantz, U.1    Ellegren, H.2    Andersson, L.3
  • 18
    • 0032953314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of dinucleotide microsatellites in the Drosophila melanogaster genome
    • Bachtrog, D., Weiss, S., Zangerl, B., Brem, G. & Schlotterer, C. Distribution of dinucleotide microsatellites in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 602-610 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 602-610
    • Bachtrog, D.1    Weiss, S.2    Zangerl, B.3    Brem, G.4    Schlotterer, C.5
  • 19
    • 0029121722 scopus 로고
    • Alu repeats: A source for the genesis of primate microsatellites
    • Arcot, S. S., Wang, Z., Weber, J. L., Deininger, P. L. & Batzer, M. A. Alu repeats: a source for the genesis of primate microsatellites. Genomics 29, 136-144 (1995).
    • (1995) Genomics , vol.29 , pp. 136-144
    • Arcot, S.S.1    Wang, Z.2    Weber, J.L.3    Deininger, P.L.4    Batzer, M.A.5
  • 20
    • 0033084050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intimate association of microsatellite repeats with retrotransposons and other dispersed repetitive elements in barley
    • Ramsay, L. et al. Intimate association of microsatellite repeats with retrotransposons and other dispersed repetitive elements in barley. Plant J. 17, 415-425 (1999).
    • (1999) Plant J. , vol.17 , pp. 415-425
    • Ramsay, L.1
  • 21
    • 0034882994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational and experimental analysis of microsatellites in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Frequency, length variation, transposon associations, and genetic marker potential
    • Temnykh, S. et al. Computational and experimental analysis of microsatellites in rice (Oryza sativa L.): frequency, length variation, transposon associations, and genetic marker potential. Genome Res. 11, 1441-1452 (2001).
    • (2001) Genome Res. , vol.11 , pp. 1441-1452
    • Temnykh, S.1
  • 22
    • 0035100172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile elements and the genesis of microsatellites in dipterans
    • Wilder, J. & Hollocher, H. Mobile elements and the genesis of microsatellites in dipterans. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18, 384-392 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 384-392
    • Wilder, J.1    Hollocher, H.2
  • 23
    • 0032539711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundant microsatellite polymorphism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the different distributions of microsatellites in eight prokaryotes and S. cerevisiae, result from strong mutation pressures and a variety of selective forces
    • Field, D. & Wills, C. Abundant microsatellite polymorphism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the different distributions of microsatellites in eight prokaryotes and S. cerevisiae, result from strong mutation pressures and a variety of selective forces. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 1647-1652 (1998).
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 1647-1652
    • Field, D.1    Wills, C.2
  • 24
    • 0035187024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microsatellites of Escherichia coli: Rapidly evolving repetitive DNAs in a non-pathogenic prokaryote
    • Metzgar, D., Thomas, E., Davis, C., Field, D. & Wills, C. The microsatellites of Escherichia coli: rapidly evolving repetitive DNAs in a non-pathogenic prokaryote. Mol. Microbiol. 39, 183-190 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 183-190
    • Metzgar, D.1    Thomas, E.2    Davis, C.3    Field, D.4    Wills, C.5
  • 25
    • 10544255079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete sequence analysis of the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae
    • Himmelreich, R. et al. Complete sequence analysis of the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 4420-4449 (1996).
    • (1996) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.24 , pp. 4420-4449
    • Himmelreich, R.1
  • 26
    • 0015765702 scopus 로고
    • A model of mutation appropriate to estimate the number of electrophoretically detectable alleles in a finite population
    • Ohta, T. & Kimura, M. A model of mutation appropriate to estimate the number of electrophoretically detectable alleles in a finite population. Genet. Res. 22, 201-204 (1973). Classic description of the stepwise mutation model.
    • (1973) Genet. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 201-204
    • Ohta, T.1    Kimura, M.2
  • 27
    • 0027229993 scopus 로고
    • VNTR allele frequency distributions under the stepwise mutation model: A computer simulation approach
    • Shriver, M. D., Jin, L., Chakraborty, R. & Boerwinkle, E. VNTR allele frequency distributions under the stepwise mutation model: a computer simulation approach. Genetics 134, 983-993 (1993).
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.134 , pp. 983-993
    • Shriver, M.D.1    Jin, L.2    Chakraborty, R.3    Boerwinkle, E.4
  • 28
    • 0027474097 scopus 로고
    • Allele frequencies at microsatellite loci: The stepwise mutation model revisited
    • Valdes, A. M., Slatkin, M. & Freimer, N. B. Allele frequencies at microsatellite loci: the stepwise mutation model revisited. Genetics 133, 737-749 (1993).
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.133 , pp. 737-749
    • Valdes, A.M.1    Slatkin, M.2    Freimer, N.B.3
  • 29
    • 0030447670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of variation at DNA repeat loci under a general stepwise mutation model
    • Kimmel, M. & Chakraborty, R. Measures of variation at DNA repeat loci under a general stepwise mutation model. Theor. Popul. Biol. 50, 345-367 (1996).
    • (1996) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.50 , pp. 345-367
    • Kimmel, M.1    Chakraborty, R.2
  • 30
    • 0029986395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of repeat polymorphisms under a forward-backward mutation model: Within- and between-population variability at microsatellite loci
    • Kimmel, M., Chakraborty, R., Stivers, D. N. & Deka, R. Dynamics of repeat polymorphisms under a forward-backward mutation model: within- and between-population variability at microsatellite loci. Genetics 143, 549-555 (1996).
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.143 , pp. 549-555
    • Kimmel, M.1    Chakraborty, R.2    Stivers, D.N.3    Deka, R.4
  • 31
    • 0028325745 scopus 로고
    • Mutational processes of simple-sequence repeat loci in human populations
    • Di Rienzo, A. et al. Mutational processes of simple-sequence repeat loci in human populations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 3166-3170 (1994).
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 3166-3170
    • Di Rienzo, A.1
  • 32
    • 0030070216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on allele size at microsatellite loci: Implications for genetic differentiation
    • Nauta, M. J. & Weissing, F. J. Constraints on allele size at microsatellite loci: implications for genetic differentiation. Genetics 143, 1021-1032 (1996).
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.143 , pp. 1021-1032
    • Nauta, M.J.1    Weissing, F.J.2
  • 33
    • 0031015402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite genetic distances with range constraints: Analytic description and problems of estimation
    • Feldman, M. W., Bergman, A., Pollock, D. D. & Goldstein, D. B. Microsatellite genetic distances with range constraints: analytic description and problems of estimation. Genetics 145, 207-216 (1997).
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.145 , pp. 207-216
    • Feldman, M.W.1    Bergman, A.2    Pollock, D.D.3    Goldstein, D.B.4
  • 34
    • 0032096539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite behavior with range constraints: Parameter estimation and improved distances for use in phylogenetic reconstruction
    • Pollock, D. D., Bergman, A., Feldman, M. W. & Goldstein, D. B. Microsatellite behavior with range constraints: parameter estimation and improved distances for use in phylogenetic reconstruction. Theor. Popul. Biol. 53, 256-271 (1998).
    • (1998) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 256-271
    • Pollock, D.D.1    Bergman, A.2    Feldman, M.W.3    Goldstein, D.B.4
  • 35
    • 0034085795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian estimation of range for microsatellite loci
    • Stefanini, F. M. & Feldman, M. W. Bayesian estimation of range for microsatellite loci. Genet. Res. 75, 167-177 (2000).
    • (2000) Genet. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 167-177
    • Stefanini, F.M.1    Feldman, M.W.2
  • 36
    • 0029053186 scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite allele frequencies in humans and chimpanzees, with implications for constraints on allele size
    • Garza, J. C., Slatkin, M. & Freimer, N. B. Microsatellite allele frequencies in humans and chimpanzees, with implications for constraints on allele size. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12, 594-603 (1995).
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 594-603
    • Garza, J.C.1    Slatkin, M.2    Freimer, N.B.3
  • 37
    • 0032927327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new genetic distance with application to constrained variation at microsatellite loci
    • Zhivotovsky, L. A. A new genetic distance with application to constrained variation at microsatellite loci. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 467-471 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 467-471
    • Zhivotovsky, L.A.1
  • 38
    • 0038032028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dinucleotide repeats in the Drosophila and human genomes have complex, length-dependent mutation processes
    • Calabrese, P. & Durrett, R. Dinucleotide repeats in the Drosophila and human genomes have complex, length-dependent mutation processes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20, 715-725 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 715-725
    • Calabrese, P.1    Durrett, R.2
  • 39
    • 0032717267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of human Y-chromosome microsatellites provides evidence of biased mutation
    • Cooper, G., Burroughs, N. J., Rand, D. A., Rubinsztein, D. C. & Amos, W. Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of human Y-chromosome microsatellites provides evidence of biased mutation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 11916-11921 (1999).
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 11916-11921
    • Cooper, G.1    Burroughs, N.J.2    Rand, D.A.3    Rubinsztein, D.C.4    Amos, W.5
  • 40
    • 0033111624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-locus tests of microsatellite evolution: Multi-step mutations and constraints on allele size
    • Nielsen, R. & Palsboll, P. J. Single-locus tests of microsatellite evolution: multi-step mutations and constraints on allele size. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 11, 477-484 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 477-484
    • Nielsen, R.1    Palsboll, P.J.2
  • 41
    • 0034766523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA dinucleotide evolution in humans: Fitting theory to facts
    • Renwick, A., Davison, L., Spratt, H., King, J. P. & Kimmel, M. DNA dinucleotide evolution in humans: fitting theory to facts. Genetics 159, 737-747 (2001).
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.159 , pp. 737-747
    • Renwick, A.1    Davison, L.2    Spratt, H.3    King, J.P.4    Kimmel, M.5
  • 42
    • 10744226741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two distinct modes of microsatellite mutation processes: Evidence from the complete genomic sequences of nine species
    • Dieringer, D. & Schlotterer, C. Two distinct modes of microsatellite mutation processes: evidence from the complete genomic sequences of nine species. Genome Res. 13, 2242-2251 (2003).
    • (2003) Genome Res. , vol.13 , pp. 2242-2251
    • Dieringer, D.1    Schlotterer, C.2
  • 43
    • 0030889364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The length distribution of perfect dimer repetitive DNA is consistent with its evolution by an unbiased single-step mutation process
    • Bell, G. I. & Jurka, J. The length distribution of perfect dimer repetitive DNA is consistent with its evolution by an unbiased single-step mutation process. J. Mol. Evol. 44, 414-421 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.44 , pp. 414-421
    • Bell, G.I.1    Jurka, J.2
  • 44
    • 0032168989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium distributions of microsatellite repeat length resulting from a balance between slippage events and point mutations
    • Kruglyak, S., Durrett, R. T., Schug, M. D. & Aquadro, C. F. Equilibrium distributions of microsatellite repeat length resulting from a balance between slippage events and point mutations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 10774-10778 (1998). Provides an integrated model of microsatellite evoluton that takes length mutations as well as base substitutions into account
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 10774-10778
    • Kruglyak, S.1    Durrett, R.T.2    Schug, M.D.3    Aquadro, C.F.4
  • 45
    • 0034760974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of microsatellite divergence under stepwise mutation and proportional slippage/point mutation models
    • Calabrese, P. P., Durrett, R. T. & Aquadro, C. F. Dynamics of microsatellite divergence under stepwise mutation and proportional slippage/point mutation models. Genetics 159, 839-852 (2001).
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.159 , pp. 839-852
    • Calabrese, P.P.1    Durrett, R.T.2    Aquadro, C.F.3
  • 46
    • 0023649836 scopus 로고
    • High frequencies of short frameshifts in poly-CA/TG tandem repeats borne by bacteriophage M13 in Escherichia coli K-12
    • Levinson, G. & Gutman, G. A. High frequencies of short frameshifts in poly-CA/TG tandem repeats borne by bacteriophage M13 in Escherichia coli K-12. Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 5323-5338 (1987). Firm demonstration of replication slippage as a main mechanism for microsatellite instability.
    • (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.15 , pp. 5323-5338
    • Levinson, G.1    Gutman, G.A.2
  • 47
    • 0027306173 scopus 로고
    • Destabilization of tracts of simple repetitive DNA in yeast by mutations affecting DNA mismatch repair
    • Strand, M., Prolla, T. A., Liskay, R. M. & Petes, T. D. Destabilization of tracts of simple repetitive DNA in yeast by mutations affecting DNA mismatch repair. Nature 365, 274-276 (1993).
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 274-276
    • Strand, M.1    Prolla, T.A.2    Liskay, R.M.3    Petes, T.D.4
  • 48
    • 0026542473 scopus 로고
    • Slippage synthesis of simple sequence DNA
    • Schlotterer, C. & Tautz, D. Slippage synthesis of simple sequence DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 211-215 (1992). Experimental evidence that DNA polymerase is the only enzymatic activity needed for replication slippage.
    • (1992) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.20 , pp. 211-215
    • Schlotterer, C.1    Tautz, D.2
  • 49
    • 1542606527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive correlation between DNA polymerase α-primase pausing and mutagenesis within polypyrimidine/polypurine microsatellite sequences
    • Hile, S. E. & Eckert, K. A. Positive correlation between DNA polymerase α-primase pausing and mutagenesis within polypyrimidine/ polypurine microsatellite sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 335, 745-759 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.335 , pp. 745-759
    • Hile, S.E.1    Eckert, K.A.2
  • 50
    • 0027523066 scopus 로고
    • A study of the origin of 'shadow bands' seen when typing dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms by the PCR
    • Hauge, X. Y. & Litt, M. A study of the origin of 'shadow bands' seen when typing dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms by the PCR. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2, 411-415 (1993).
    • (1993) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 411-415
    • Hauge, X.Y.1    Litt, M.2
  • 51
    • 0027300692 scopus 로고
    • The determination of the sequences present in the shadow bands of a dinucleotide repeat PCR
    • Murray, V., Monchawin, C. & England, P. R. The determination of the sequences present in the shadow bands of a dinucleotide repeat PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 2395-2398 (1993).
    • (1993) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.21 , pp. 2395-2398
    • Murray, V.1    Monchawin, C.2    England, P.R.3
  • 53
    • 0037677731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two modes of germline instability at human minisatellite MS1 (locus D1S7): Complex rearrangements and paradoxical hyperdeletion
    • Berg, I., Neumann, R., Cederberg, H., Rannug, U. & Jeffreys, A. J. Two modes of germline instability at human minisatellite MS1 (locus D1S7): complex rearrangements and paradoxical hyperdeletion. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72, 1436-1447 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.72 , pp. 1436-1447
    • Berg, I.1    Neumann, R.2    Cederberg, H.3    Rannug, U.4    Jeffreys, A.J.5
  • 54
    • 0033835474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GT repeats are associated with recombination on human chromosome 22
    • Majewski, J. & Ott, J. GT repeats are associated with recombination on human chromosome 22. Genome Res. 10, 1108-1114 (2000).
    • (2000) Genome Res. , vol.10 , pp. 1108-1114
    • Majewski, J.1    Ott, J.2
  • 55
    • 0022816108 scopus 로고
    • n promotes reciprocal exchange and generates unusual recombinant tetrads during yeast meiosis
    • n promotes reciprocal exchange and generates unusual recombinant tetrads during yeast meiosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 3934-3947 (1986).
    • (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 3934-3947
    • Treco, D.1    Arnheim, N.2
  • 56
    • 0036183651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation patterns at dinucleotide microsatellite loci in humans
    • Huang, Q. Y. et al. Mutation patterns at dinucleotide microsatellite loci in humans. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70, 625-634 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.70 , pp. 625-634
    • Huang, Q.Y.1
  • 57
    • 0030940879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating Y chromosome specific microsatellite mutation frequencies using deep rooting pedigrees
    • Heyer, E., Puymirat, J., Dieltjes, P., Bakker, E. & de Knijff, P. Estimating Y chromosome specific microsatellite mutation frequencies using deep rooting pedigrees. Hum. Mol. Genet. 6, 799-803 (1997).
    • (1997) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.6 , pp. 799-803
    • Heyer, E.1    Puymirat, J.2    Dieltjes, P.3    Bakker, E.4    De Knijff, P.5
  • 58
    • 0347231556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and frequency of germline mutations at microsatellite loci from the human Y chromosome, as revealed by direct observation in father/son pairs
    • Kayser, M. et al. Characteristics and frequency of germline mutations at microsatellite loci from the human Y chromosome, as revealed by direct observation in father/son pairs. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66, 1580-1588 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.66 , pp. 1580-1588
    • Kayser, M.1
  • 59
    • 0034654142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation rates and specificities at TC/AG and GT/CA microsatellite sequences in nontumorigenic human lymphoblastoid cells
    • Hile, S. E., Yan, G. & Eckert, K. A. Somatic mutation rates and specificities at TC/AG and GT/CA microsatellite sequences in nontumorigenic human lymphoblastoid cells. Cancer Res. 60, 1698-1703 (2000).
    • (2000) Cancer Res. , vol.60 , pp. 1698-1703
    • Hile, S.E.1    Yan, G.2    Eckert, K.A.3
  • 60
    • 0036567508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in the rate and pattern of germline mutation at individual microsatellite loci
    • Brohede, J., Primmer, C. R., Moller, A. & Ellegren, H. Heterogeneity in the rate and pattern of germline mutation at individual microsatellite loci. Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 1997-2003 (2002).
    • (2002) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.30 , pp. 1997-2003
    • Brohede, J.1    Primmer, C.R.2    Moller, A.3    Ellegren, H.4
  • 61
    • 0033564291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zebrafish genetic map with 2000 microsatellite markers
    • Shimoda, N. et al. Zebrafish genetic map with 2000 microsatellite markers. Genomics 58, 219-232 (1999).
    • (1999) Genomics , vol.58 , pp. 219-232
    • Shimoda, N.1
  • 62
    • 0032078024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single paternity of clutches and sperm storage in the promiscuous green turtle (Chelonia mydas)
    • Fitzsimmons, N. N. Single paternity of clutches and sperm storage in the promiscuous green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Mol. Ecol. 7, 575-584 (1998).
    • (1998) Mol. Ecol. , vol.7 , pp. 575-584
    • Fitzsimmons, N.N.1
  • 63
    • 0034067257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite mutations in litters of the Australian lizard Egemia stokesii
    • Gardner, M. G., Bull, C. M., Cooper, S. J. & Duffield, G. A. Microsatellite mutations in litters of the Australian lizard Egemia stokesii. J. Evol. Biol. 13, 551-560 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 551-560
    • Gardner, M.G.1    Bull, C.M.2    Cooper, S.J.3    Duffield, G.A.4
  • 64
    • 0032814845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustered microsatellite mutations in the pipefish Syngnathus typhle
    • Jones, A. G., Rosenqvist, G., Berglund, A. & Avise, J. C. Clustered microsatellite mutations in the pipefish Syngnathus typhle. Genetics 152, 1057-1063 (1999).
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.152 , pp. 1057-1063
    • Jones, A.G.1    Rosenqvist, G.2    Berglund, A.3    Avise, J.C.4
  • 65
    • 0030017038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellites show mutational bias and heterozygote instability
    • Amos, W., Sawcer, S. J., Feakes, R. W. & Rubinsztein, D. C. Microsatellites show mutational bias and heterozygote instability. Nature Genet. 13, 390-391 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature Genet. , vol.13 , pp. 390-391
    • Amos, W.1    Sawcer, S.J.2    Feakes, R.W.3    Rubinsztein, D.C.4
  • 66
    • 0031778070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation rate in human microsatellites: Influence of the structure and length of the tandem repeat
    • Brinkmann, B., Klintschar, M., Neuhuber, F., Huhne, J. & Rolf, B. Mutation rate in human microsatellites: influence of the structure and length of the tandem repeat. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62, 1408-1415 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.62 , pp. 1408-1415
    • Brinkmann, B.1    Klintschar, M.2    Neuhuber, F.3    Huhne, J.4    Rolf, B.5
  • 67
    • 0035869189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation rates at two human Y-chromosomal microsatellite loci using small pool PCR techniques
    • Hoftkemper, U., Rolf, B., Hohoff, C., Forster, P. & Brinkmann, B. Mutation rates at two human Y-chromosomal microsatellite loci using small pool PCR techniques. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10, 629-633 (2001). Introduction of sperm typing as an alternative means for microsatellite mutation detection.
    • (2001) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.10 , pp. 629-633
    • Hoftkemper, U.1    Rolf, B.2    Hohoff, C.3    Forster, P.4    Brinkmann, B.5
  • 68
    • 1042276698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y-chromosomal microsatellite mutation rates: Differences in mutation rate between and within loci
    • Myhre Dupuy, B., Stenersen, M., Egeland, T. & Olaisen, B. Y-chromosomal microsatellite mutation rates: differences in mutation rate between and within loci. Hum. Mutat. 23, 117-124 (2004).
    • (2004) Hum. Mutat. , vol.23 , pp. 117-124
    • Myhre Dupuy, B.1    Stenersen, M.2    Egeland, T.3    Olaisen, B.4
  • 69
    • 0034079715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous mutation processes in human microsatellite DNA sequences
    • Ellegren, H. Heterogeneous mutation processes in human microsatellite DNA sequences. Nature Genet. 24, 400-402 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Genet. , vol.24 , pp. 400-402
    • Ellegren, H.1
  • 70
    • 0034111151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The direction of microsatellite mutations is dependent upon allele length
    • Xu, X., Peng, M. & Fang, Z. The direction of microsatellite mutations is dependent upon allele length. Nature Genet. 24, 396-399 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Genet. , vol.24 , pp. 396-399
    • Xu, X.1    Peng, M.2    Fang, Z.3
  • 71
    • 0030035824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directional evolution in germline microsatellite mutations
    • Primmer, C. R., Saino, N., Moller, A. P. & Ellegren, H. Directional evolution in germline microsatellite mutations. Nature Genet. 13, 391-393 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature Genet. , vol.13 , pp. 391-393
    • Primmer, C.R.1    Saino, N.2    Moller, A.P.3    Ellegren, H.4
  • 72
    • 0031880362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the process of microsatellite evolution through analysis of germ line mutations in barn swallows Hirundo rustica
    • Primmer, C. R., Saino, N., Moller, A. P. and Ellegren, H. Unraveling the process of microsatellite evolution through analysis of germ line mutations in barn swallows Hirundo rustica. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15, 1047-1054 (1998).
    • (1998) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 1047-1054
    • Primmer, C.R.1    Saino, N.2    Moller, A.P.3    Ellegren, H.4
  • 73
    • 0037230107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite evolution at two hypervariable loci revealed by extensive avian pedigrees
    • Beck, N. R., Double, M. C. & Cockbum, A. Microsatellite evolution at two hypervariable loci revealed by extensive avian pedigrees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20, 54-61 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 54-61
    • Beck, N.R.1    Double, M.C.2    Cockbum, A.3
  • 74
    • 17344380921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long microsatellite alleles in Drosophila melanogaster have a downward mutation bias and short persistence times, which cause their genome-wide underrepresentation
    • Harr, B. & Schlotterer, C. Long microsatellite alleles in Drosophila melanogaster have a downward mutation bias and short persistence times, which cause their genome-wide underrepresentation. Genetics 155, 1213-1220 (2000).
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 1213-1220
    • Harr, B.1    Schlotterer, C.2
  • 75
    • 0036125393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domain-level differences in microsatellite distribution and content result from different relative rates of insertion and deletion mutations
    • Metzgar, D., Liu, L., Hansen, C., Dybvig, K. & Wills, C. Domain-level differences in microsatellite distribution and content result from different relative rates of insertion and deletion mutations. Genome Res. 12, 408-413 (2002).
    • (2002) Genome Res. , vol.12 , pp. 408-413
    • Metzgar, D.1    Liu, L.2    Hansen, C.3    Dybvig, K.4    Wills, C.5
  • 76
    • 0036718239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homoplasy and mutation model at microsatellite loci and their consequences for population genetics analysis
    • Estoup, A., Jame, P. & Cornuet, J. M. Homoplasy and mutation model at microsatellite loci and their consequences for population genetics analysis. Mol. Ecol. 11, 1591-1604 (2002). A useful overview of the implications of microsatellite homoplasy in evolutionary studies.
    • (2002) Mol. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 1591-1604
    • Estoup, A.1    Jame, P.2    Cornuet, J.M.3
  • 77
    • 0029892773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The birth of microsatellites
    • Messier, W., Li, S. H. & Stewart, C. B. The birth of microsatellites. Nature 381, 483 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 483
    • Messier, W.1    Li, S.H.2    Stewart, C.B.3
  • 78
    • 0030886378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic assessment of length variation at a microsatellite locus
    • Orti, G., Pearse, D. E. & Avise, J. C. Phylogenetic assessment of length variation at a microsatellite locus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 10745-10749 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 10745-10749
    • Orti, G.1    Pearse, D.E.2    Avise, J.C.3
  • 79
    • 0031041345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex evolution of a salmonid microsatellite locus and its consequences in inferring allelic divergence from size information
    • Angers, B. & Bematchez, L. Complex evolution of a salmonid microsatellite locus and its consequences in inferring allelic divergence from size information. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14, 230-238 (1997).
    • (1997) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 230-238
    • Angers, B.1    Bematchez, L.2
  • 80
    • 0031903898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of molecular evolution in avian microsatellites
    • Primmer, C. R. & Ellegren, H. Patterns of molecular evolution in avian microsatellites. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15, 997-1008 (1998).
    • (1998) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 997-1008
    • Primmer, C.R.1    Ellegren, H.2
  • 81
    • 0033946523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of microsatellite interruptions by DNA replication slippage: Phylogenetic evidence from Drosophila
    • Harr, B., Zangerl, B. & Schlotterer, C. Removal of microsatellite interruptions by DNA replication slippage: phylogenetic evidence from Drosophila. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 1001-1009 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Harr, B.1    Zangerl, B.2    Schlotterer, C.3
  • 82
    • 0034523552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertions, substitutions, and the origin of microsatellites
    • Zhu, Y., Strassmann, J. E. & Queller, D. C. Insertions, substitutions, and the origin of microsatellites. Genet. Res. 76, 227-236 (2000).
    • (2000) Genet. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 227-236
    • Zhu, Y.1    Strassmann, J.E.2    Queller, D.C.3
  • 83
    • 0032900738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The death of a microsatellite: A phylogenetic perspective on microsatellite interruptions
    • Taylor, J. S., Durkin, J. M. & Breden, F. The death of a microsatellite: a phylogenetic perspective on microsatellite interruptions. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 567-572 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 567-572
    • Taylor, J.S.1    Durkin, J.M.2    Breden, F.3
  • 84
    • 0026419315 scopus 로고
    • Conservation of polymorphic simple sequence loci in cetacean species
    • Schlotterer, C., Amos, B. & Tautz, D. Conservation of polymorphic simple sequence loci in cetacean species. Nature 354, 63-65 (1991).
    • (1991) Nature , vol.354 , pp. 63-65
    • Schlotterer, C.1    Amos, B.2    Tautz, D.3
  • 85
    • 0033045010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for complex mutations at microsatellite loci in Drosophila
    • Colson, I. & Goldstein, D. B. Evidence for complex mutations at microsatellite loci in Drosophila. Genetics 152, 617-627 (1999).
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.152 , pp. 617-627
    • Colson, I.1    Goldstein, D.B.2
  • 86
    • 0034564097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite mutations in the germline: Implications for evolutionary/inference
    • Ellegren, H. Microsatellite mutations in the germline: implications for evolutionary/inference. Trends Genet. 16, 551-558 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Genet. , vol.16 , pp. 551-558
    • Ellegren, H.1
  • 87
    • 0031029760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low mutation rates of microsatellite loci in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Schug, M. D., Mackay, T. F. & Aquadro, C. F. Low mutation rates of microsatellite loci in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature Genet. 15, 99-102 (1997). Characterizaton of mutation rate and repeat lengths of microsatellites in D. melanogaster, revealing significant differences from vertebrate genomes.
    • (1997) Nature Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 99-102
    • Schug, M.D.1    Mackay, T.F.2    Aquadro, C.F.3
  • 88
    • 0037228362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mutational spectrum of human autosomal tetranucleotide microsatellites
    • Leopoldino, A. M. & Pena, S. D. The mutational spectrum of human autosomal tetranucleotide microsatellites. Hum. Mutat. 21, 71-79 (2003).
    • (2003) Hum. Mutat. , vol.21 , pp. 71-79
    • Leopoldino, A.M.1    Pena, S.D.2
  • 89
    • 0037360197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of interrupted human AC microsatellites
    • Sibly, R. M. et al. The structure of interrupted human AC microsatellites. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20, 453-459 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 453-459
    • Sibly, R.M.1
  • 90
    • 0033082792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutability of microsatellites developed for the ant Camponotus consobrinus
    • Crozier, R. H., Kaufmann, B., Carew, M. E. & Crozier, Y. C. Mutability of microsatellites developed for the ant Camponotus consobrinus. Mol. Ecol. 8, 271-276 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 271-276
    • Crozier, R.H.1    Kaufmann, B.2    Carew, M.E.3    Crozier, Y.C.4
  • 91
    • 0030265831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allelic diversity in alligator microsatellite loci is negatively correlated with GC content of flanking sequences and evolutionary conservation of PCR amplifiability
    • Glenn, T. C., Stephan, W., Dessauer, H. C. & Braun, M. J. Allelic diversity in alligator microsatellite loci is negatively correlated with GC content of flanking sequences and evolutionary conservation of PCR amplifiability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13, 1151-1154 (1996).
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 1151-1154
    • Glenn, T.C.1    Stephan, W.2    Dessauer, H.C.3    Braun, M.J.4
  • 92
    • 0033857247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite variability differs between dinucleotide repeat motifs-evidence from Drosophila melanogaster
    • Bachtrog, D., Agis, M., Imhof, M. & Schlotterer, C. Microsatellite variability differs between dinucleotide repeat motifs-evidence from Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 1277-1285 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1277-1285
    • Bachtrog, D.1    Agis, M.2    Imhof, M.3    Schlotterer, C.4
  • 93
    • 0031910078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of locus-specific microsatellite variability across species: A comparison of two Drosophila sibling species, D. melanogaster and D. simulans
    • Harr, B., Zangerl, B., Brem, G. & Schlotterer, C. Conservation of locus-specific microsatellite variability across species: a comparison of two Drosophila sibling species, D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15, 176-184 (1998).
    • (1998) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 176-184
    • Harr, B.1    Zangerl, B.2    Brem, G.3    Schlotterer, C.4
  • 94
    • 0029887819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription-coupled repair deficiency and mutations in human mismatch repair genes
    • Mellon, I., Rajpal, D. K., Koi, M., Boland, C. R. & Champe, G. N. Transcription-coupled repair deficiency and mutations in human mismatch repair genes. Science 272, 557-560 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 557-560
    • Mellon, I.1    Rajpal, D.K.2    Koi, M.3    Boland, C.R.4    Champe, G.N.5
  • 96
    • 0034750189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A relationship between lengths of microsatellites and nearby substitution rates in mammalian genomes
    • Santibanez-Koref, M. F., Gangeswaran, R. & Hancock, J. M. A relationship between lengths of microsatellites and nearby substitution rates in mammalian genomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18, 2119-2123 (2001). Offers a suggestion for how variation in microsatellite length might relate to point-mutation-rate heterogeneity.
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 2119-2123
    • Santibanez-Koref, M.F.1    Gangeswaran, R.2    Hancock, J.M.3
  • 97
    • 1242306961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single molecule analysis of the hypermutable tetranucleotide repeat locus D21S1245 through sperm genotyping: A heterogeneous pattern of mutation but no clear male age effect
    • Brohede, J., Arnheim, N. & Ellegren, H. Single molecule analysis of the hypermutable tetranucleotide repeat locus D21S1245 through sperm genotyping: a heterogeneous pattern of mutation but no clear male age effect. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21, 58-64 (2004).
    • (2004) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.21 , pp. 58-64
    • Brohede, J.1    Arnheim, N.2    Ellegren, H.3
  • 98
    • 0026769505 scopus 로고
    • Instability of simple sequence DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Henderson, S. T. & Petes, D. Instability of simple sequence DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 2749-2757 (1992). Introduces an experimental approach to the study of microsatellite mutations, using artificial plasmid-borne repeat sequences associated with a resistance or reporter gene.
    • (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 2749-2757
    • Henderson, S.T.1    Petes, D.2
  • 99
    • 0030897578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability in yeast: Dependence on repeat unit size and DNA mismatch repair genes
    • Sia, E. A., Kokoska, R. J., Dominska, M., Greenwell, P. & Petes, T. D. Microsatellite instability in yeast: dependence on repeat unit size and DNA mismatch repair genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 2851-2858 (1997).
    • (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 2851-2858
    • Sia, E.A.1    Kokoska, R.J.2    Dominska, M.3    Greenwell, P.4    Petes, T.D.5
  • 100
    • 0030841057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of proofreading and mismatch repair in maintaining the stability of nucleotide repeats in DNA
    • Strauss, B. S., Sagher, D. & Acharya, S. Role of proofreading and mismatch repair in maintaining the stability of nucleotide repeats in DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 806-813 (1997).
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.25 , pp. 806-813
    • Strauss, B.S.1    Sagher, D.2    Acharya, S.3
  • 101
    • 0030962035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermutability of homonucleotide runs in mismatch repair and DNA polymerase proofreading yeast mutants
    • Tran, H. T., Keen, J. D., Kricker, M., Resnick, M. A. & Gordenin, D. A. Hypermutability of homonucleotide runs in mismatch repair and DNA polymerase proofreading yeast mutants. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 2859-2865 (1997).
    • (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 2859-2865
    • Tran, H.T.1    Keen, J.D.2    Kricker, M.3    Resnick, M.A.4    Gordenin, D.A.5
  • 102
    • 17044448600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic instability induced by mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae POL1
    • Gutierrez, P. J. & Wang, T. S. Genomic instability induced by mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae POL1. Genetics 165, 65-81 (2003).
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.165 , pp. 65-81
    • Gutierrez, P.J.1    Wang, T.S.2
  • 103
    • 0030808252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability in yeast: Dependence on the length of the microsatellite
    • Wierdl, M., Dominska, M. & Petes, T. D. Microsatellite instability in yeast: dependence on the length of the microsatellite. Genetics 146, 769-779 (1997).
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.146 , pp. 769-779
    • Wierdl, M.1    Dominska, M.2    Petes, T.D.3
  • 104
    • 0037138482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative rates of insertion and deletion mutations in dinucleotide repeats of various lengths in mismatch repair proficient mouse and mismatch repair deficient human cells
    • Yamada, N. A. et al. Relative rates of insertion and deletion mutations in dinucleotide repeats of various lengths in mismatch repair proficient mouse and mismatch repair deficient human cells. Mutat. Res. 499, 213-225 (2002).
    • (2002) Mutat. Res. , vol.499 , pp. 213-225
    • Yamada, N.A.1
  • 105
    • 0030908252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of microsatellite sequences by variant repeats in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Petes, T. D., Greenwell, P. W. & Dominska, M. Stabilization of microsatellite sequences by variant repeats in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 146, 491-498 (1997).
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.146 , pp. 491-498
    • Petes, T.D.1    Greenwell, P.W.2    Dominska, M.3
  • 106
    • 0034326305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence interruptions confer differential stability at microsatellite alleles in mismatch repair-deficient cells
    • Bacon, A. L., Farrington, S. M. & Dunlop, M. G. Sequence interruptions confer differential stability at microsatellite alleles in mismatch repair-deficient cells. Hum. Mol. Genet. 9, 2707-2713 (2000).
    • (2000) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 2707-2713
    • Bacon, A.L.1    Farrington, S.M.2    Dunlop, M.G.3
  • 107
    • 0029958255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orientation dependence of trinucleotide CAG repeat instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Maurer, D. J., O'Callaghan, B. L. & Livingston, D. M. Orientation dependence of trinucleotide CAG repeat instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 6617-6622 (1996).
    • (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 6617-6622
    • Maurer, D.J.1    O'Callaghan, B.L.2    Livingston, D.M.3
  • 108
    • 0034661615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational analyses of dinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellites in Escherichia coli: Influence of sequence on expansion mutagenesis
    • Eckert, K. A. & Yan, G. Mutational analyses of dinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellites in Escherichia coli: influence of sequence on expansion mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 2831-2838 (2000).
    • (2000) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.28 , pp. 2831-2838
    • Eckert, K.A.1    Yan, G.2
  • 109
    • 0032735136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative stabilities of dinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeats in cultured mammalian cells
    • Lee, J. S., Hanford, M. G., Genova, J. L. & Farber, R. A. Relative stabilities of dinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeats in cultured mammalian cells. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8, 2567-2572 (1999).
    • (1999) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 2567-2572
    • Lee, J.S.1    Hanford, M.G.2    Genova, J.L.3    Farber, R.A.4
  • 110
    • 0033601804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of the intermediate in frameshift mutation
    • Sagher, D., Hsu, A. & Strauss, B. Stabilization of the intermediate in frameshift mutation. Mutat. Res. 423, 73-77 (1999).
    • (1999) Mutat. Res. , vol.423 , pp. 73-77
    • Sagher, D.1    Hsu, A.2    Strauss, B.3
  • 111
    • 0037087698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence dependent instability of mononucleotide microsatellites in cultured mismatch repair proficient and deficient mammalian cells
    • Boyer, J. C. et al. Sequence dependent instability of mononucleotide microsatellites in cultured mismatch repair proficient and deficient mammalian cells. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11, 707-713 (2002).
    • (2002) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.11 , pp. 707-713
    • Boyer, J.C.1
  • 112
    • 0033782569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence composition and context effects on the generation and repair of frameshift intermediates in mononucleotide runs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Harfe, B. D. & Jinks-Robertson, S. Sequence composition and context effects on the generation and repair of frameshift intermediates in mononucleotide runs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 156, 571-578 (2000).
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 571-578
    • Harfe, B.D.1    Jinks-Robertson, S.2
  • 113
    • 0032983127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative rates of insertion and deletion mutations in a microsatellite sequence in cultured cells
    • Twerdi, C. D., Boyer, J. C. & Farber, R. A. Relative rates of insertion and deletion mutations in a microsatellite sequence in cultured cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 2875-2879 (1999).
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 2875-2879
    • Twerdi, C.D.1    Boyer, J.C.2    Farber, R.A.3
  • 114
    • 0028862897 scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the MSH3 gene preferentially lead to deletions within tracts of simple repetitive DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Strand, M., Earley, M. C., Crouse, G. F. & Petes, T. D. Mutations in the MSH3 gene preferentially lead to deletions within tracts of simple repetitive DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 10418-10421 (1995).
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 10418-10421
    • Strand, M.1    Earley, M.C.2    Crouse, G.F.3    Petes, T.D.4
  • 115
    • 0036348185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair-driven mutational bias in D. melanogaster
    • Harr, B., Todorova, J. & Schlotterer, C. Mismatch repair-driven mutational bias in D. melanogaster. Mol. Cell 10, 199-205 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Cell , vol.10 , pp. 199-205
    • Harr, B.1    Todorova, J.2    Schlotterer, C.3
  • 116
    • 0037390285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directional evolution of size coupled with ascertainment bias for variation in Drosophila microsatellites
    • Amos, W., Hutter, C. M., Schug, M. D. & Aquadro, C. F. Directional evolution of size coupled with ascertainment bias for variation in Drosophila microsatellites. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20, 660-662 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 660-662
    • Amos, W.1    Hutter, C.M.2    Schug, M.D.3    Aquadro, C.F.4
  • 117
    • 0142119390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium testing by using microsatellite markers
    • Ohashi, J. & Tokunaga, K. Power of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium testing by using microsatellite markers. J. Hum. Genet. 48, 487-491 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Hum. Genet. , vol.48 , pp. 487-491
    • Ohashi, J.1    Tokunaga, K.2
  • 118
    • 0037213556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hitchhiking mapping - Functional genomics from the population genetics perspective
    • Schlotterer, C. Hitchhiking mapping - functional genomics from the population genetics perspective. Trends Genet. 19, 32-38 (2003).
    • (2003) Trends Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 32-38
    • Schlotterer, C.1
  • 119
    • 0030827171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness loss and germline mutations in barn swallows breeding in Chernobyl
    • Ellegren, H., Lindgren, G., Primmer, C. R. & Moller, A. P. Fitness loss and germline mutations in barn swallows breeding in Chernobyl. Nature 389, 593-596 (1997).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 593-596
    • Ellegren, H.1    Lindgren, G.2    Primmer, C.R.3    Moller, A.P.4
  • 120
    • 0037427205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremely complex pattern of microsatellite mutation in the germline of wheat exposed to the post-Chernobyl radioactive contamination
    • Kovalchuk, O., Kovalchuk, I., Arkhipov, A., Hohn, B. & Dubrova, Y. E. Extremely complex pattern of microsatellite mutation in the germline of wheat exposed to the post-Chernobyl radioactive contamination. Mutat. Res. 525, 93-101 (2003).
    • (2003) Mutat. Res. , vol.525 , pp. 93-101
    • Kovalchuk, O.1    Kovalchuk, I.2    Arkhipov, A.3    Hohn, B.4    Dubrova, Y.E.5
  • 121
    • 0029965291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human minisatellite mutation rate after the Chernobyl accident
    • Dubrova, Y. E. et al. Human minisatellite mutation rate after the Chernobyl accident. Nature 380, 683-686 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 683-686
    • Dubrova, Y.E.1
  • 122
    • 0019834921 scopus 로고
    • Duplication/deletion polymorphism 5′- to the human β-globin gene
    • Spritz, R. A. Duplication/deletion polymorphism 5′- to the human β-globin gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 5037-5047 (1981).
    • (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.9 , pp. 5037-5047
    • Spritz, R.A.1
  • 123
    • 0019771736 scopus 로고
    • A member of a new repeated sequence family which is conserved throughout eucaryotic evolution is found between the human 8- and β-globin genes
    • Miesfeld, R., Krystal, M. & Arnheim, N. A member of a new repeated sequence family which is conserved throughout eucaryotic evolution is found between the human 8- and β-globin genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 5931-5947 (1981).
    • (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.9 , pp. 5931-5947
    • Miesfeld, R.1    Krystal, M.2    Arnheim, N.3
  • 124
    • 0019955810 scopus 로고
    • Potential Z-DNA forming sequences are highly dispersed in the human genome
    • Hamada, H. & Kakunaga, T. Potential Z-DNA forming sequences are highly dispersed in the human genome. Nature 298, 396-398 (1982).
    • (1982) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 396-398
    • Hamada, H.1    Kakunaga, T.2
  • 125
    • 0021979069 scopus 로고
    • Hypervariable 'minisatellite' regions in human DNA
    • Jeffreys, A. J., Wilson, V. & Thein, S. L. Hypervariable 'minisatellite' regions in human DNA. Nature 314, 67-73 (1985).
    • (1985) Nature , vol.314 , pp. 67-73
    • Jeffreys, A.J.1    Wilson, V.2    Thein, S.L.3
  • 126
    • 0022533981 scopus 로고
    • Cryptic simplicity in DNA is a major source of genetic variation
    • Tautz, D., Trick, M. & Dover, G. A. Cryptic simplicity in DNA is a major source of genetic variation. Nature 322, 652-656 (1986).
    • (1986) Nature , vol.322 , pp. 652-656
    • Tautz, D.1    Trick, M.2    Dover, G.A.3
  • 127
    • 0024514081 scopus 로고
    • A hypervariable microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a dinucleotide repeat within the cardiac muscle actin gene
    • Litt, M. & Luty, J. A. A hypervariable microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a dinucleotide repeat within the cardiac muscle actin gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44, 397-401 (1989). This paper, and references 128 and 129, introduce the use of PCR for genotyping microsatellites.
    • (1989) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.44 , pp. 397-401
    • Litt, M.1    Luty, J.A.2
  • 128
    • 0024582686 scopus 로고
    • Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction
    • Weber, J. L. & May, P. E. Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44, 388-396 (1989).
    • (1989) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.44 , pp. 388-396
    • Weber, J.L.1    May, P.E.2
  • 129
    • 0024387394 scopus 로고
    • Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers
    • Tautz, D. Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 6463-6471 (1989).
    • (1989) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.17 , pp. 6463-6471
    • Tautz, D.1
  • 130
    • 0026050117 scopus 로고
    • DNA typing of museum birds
    • Ellegren, H. DNA typing of museum birds. Nature 354, 113 (1991).
    • (1991) Nature , vol.354 , pp. 113
    • Ellegren, H.1
  • 131
    • 0026446099 scopus 로고
    • A second-generation linkage map of the human genome
    • Weissenbach, J. et al. A second-generation linkage map of the human genome. Nature 359, 794-801 (1992).
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 794-801
    • Weissenbach, J.1
  • 132
    • 0028184174 scopus 로고
    • High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites
    • Bowcock, A. M. et al. High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites. Nature 368, 455-457 (1994).
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 455-457
    • Bowcock, A.M.1
  • 133
    • 0035892619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-fatherhood or mutation? A probabilistic approach to parental exclusion in paternity testing
    • Dawid, A. P., Mortera, J. & Pascali, V. L. Non-fatherhood or mutation? A probabilistic approach to parental exclusion in paternity testing. Forensic Sci. Int. 124, 55-61 (2001).
    • (2001) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.124 , pp. 55-61
    • Dawid, A.P.1    Mortera, J.2    Pascali, V.L.3
  • 134
    • 0038463583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likelihood-based estimation of microsatellite mutation rates
    • Whittaker, J. C. et al. Likelihood-based estimation of microsatellite mutation rates. Genetics 164, 781-787 (2003).
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.164 , pp. 781-787
    • Whittaker, J.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.