Applied statistics: Crude oil emulsions and demulsifiers

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 311-320

  Poindexter, Michael K ^a   Lindemuth, Paul M ^a  

^a NALCO COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Crude oil emulsions; Demulsifiers; Emulsion stability; Oil water separation; SARA; Statistical analysis

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING; EMULSIONS; HEAT TREATMENT; OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT; OIL FIELDS; STATISTICAL METHODS;

CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; DEMULSIFIERS; EMULSIONS STABILITY; OIL FIELD PRODUCTION;

CRUDE PETROLEUM;

CRUDE OIL; DEMULSIFIER; EMULSION; LIQUID-LIQUID SEPARATION; SEPARATION; WATER;

EID: 3042778079     PISSN: 01932691     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/DIS-120037684     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Sjöblom, J. Encyclopedic Handbook of Emulsion Technology; Marcel Dekker; New York, 2001; (This handbook contains extensive reviews discussing the factors contributing to emulsion stability).
2. Leopold, G. Breaking produced-fluid and process-stream emulsions. In Emulsions-Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry; Schramm, L.L., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, 1992; Chap. 10, 341-383.
3. Manning, F.S.; Thompson, R.E. Dehydration of crude oil. In Oilfield Processing Volume 2: Crude Oil; Penn Well: Tulsa, 1995; Chap. 7, 113-143.
4. Treating Oilfield Emulsions, 4th Ed.; Petroleum Extension Service at The University of Texas at Austin: Austin, 1990; Chap. 6, 35-47.
5. Hyne, N.J. Dictionary of Petroleum Exploration, Drilling, and Production; Penn Well: Tulsa, 1991; (Comment: BS stands for basic sediment, bottom sediment, or base sediment).
6. Mikula, R.J.; Munoz, V.A. Characterization of demulsifiers. In Surfactants: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry; Schramm, L.L., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2000; Chap. 2, 51-77.
7. Jones, T.J.; Neustadter, E.L.; Whittingham, K.P. Water-in crude oil emulsion stability and emulsion destabilization by chemical demulsifiers. J. Can. Petrol. Tech. 1978, 17, 100-108.
8. Poindexter, M.K.; Chuai,S.; Marble, R.A.; Marsh, S.C. Classifying crude oil emulsions using chemical demulsifiers and statistical analyses. In Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, October 5-8, 2003; SPE Paper 84610.
9. Poindexter, M.K.; Zaki, N.N.; Kilpatrick, P.K.; Marsh, S.C.; Emmons, D.H. Factors contributing to petroleum foaming. 1. Crude oil systems. Energ. Fuels 2002, 16, 700-710.
10. Bowman, R.W.; Burton, W.D.; Pryor, J.A. Statistically designed oil dehydration tests. In Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Bakersfield, April 13-15, 1977; SPE Paper 6529.
11. 5 design: reactor example. In Statistics for Experimenters; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1978a; 376-380.
12. Hyne, N.J. Emulsion characterization. In Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling, and Production, 2nd Ed.; PennWell: Tulsa, 2001; Chap. 21, (Comment: Some stock tanks have valves or sample cocks at different levels that allow sampling of the oil).
13. Daniel, C. Use of half-normal plot in interpreting two-level experiments. Technometrics 1959, 1, 149.
14. Box, G.E.P.; Hunter, W.G.; Hunter, J.S. Analysis of factorials using normal probability paper. In Statistics for Experimenters; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1978b; 329-334.
15. Whitcomb, P.J.; Larntz, K. The role of pure error on normal probability plots. In ASQC Quality Congress Transactions, Nashville, 1992; 1223-1229.
16. Márquez-Silva, R.L.; Key, S.; Marino, J.A.; Guzmán, C.C.; Buitriago, S. Chemical dehydration: correlations between crude oil, associated water and demulsifier characteristics, in real systems. In International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry; Houston, February 18-21, 1997; SPE Paper 37271.
17. McLean, J.D.; Kilpatrick, P.K. Effects of asphaltene solvency on stability of water-in-crude oil emulsions. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 1997a, 189, 242-253.
18. Massart, D.L.; Kaufman, L. The Interpretation of Analytical Chemical Data by the Use of Cluster Analysis; Wiley: New York, 1983.
19. Kilpatrick, P.K.; Spiecker, P.M. Asphaltene emulsions. In Encyclopedic Handbook of Emulsion Technology; Sjöblom, J., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2001; Chap. 30, 707-730.
20. Aveyard, R.; Clint, J.H. Solid particles at liquid interfaces, including their effects on emulsion and foam stability. In Adsorption and Aggregation of Surfactants in Solution; Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker: New York, 2003; Vol. 109; Chap. 3, 61-90.
21. Mikula, R. Emulsion characterization. In Emulsions-Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry; Schramm, L.L., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, 1992; Chap. 3, 79-129.
22. Menon, V.B.; Wasan, D.T. Characterization of oil-water interfaces containing finely divided solids with applications to the coalescence of water-in-oil emulsions: a review. Colloids Surf. 1988, 29, 7-27.
23. Goldszal, A.; Bourrel, M.; Hurtevent, C.; Volle, J.-L. Stability of water in acidic crude oil emulsions. In Spring AlChE Meeting; New Orleans, March 11-14, 2002; 386-400.
24. McLean, J.D.; Kilpatrick, P.K. Effects of asphaltene aggregation in model heptane-toluene mixtures on stability of water-in-oil emulsions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1997b, 196, 23-34.
25. Aske, N.; Orr, R.; Sjöblom, J. Dilatational elasticity moduli of water-crude oil interfaces using the oscillating pendant drop. J. Disp. Sci. Tech. 2002, 23, 809-825.