The changing nature of military alliances

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 133-150

  Tertrais, Bruno ^a  

^a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 3042751602     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: 15309177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/016366004773097759     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. David Frum, The Right Man: The Surprise Presidency of George W. Bush (New York: Random House, 2003), p. 53.
2. Robert Osgood, Alliances and American Foreign Policy (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968);
3. Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987);
4. Stephen M. Walt, "Why Alliances Endure or Collapse," Survival 39, no. 1 (spring 1997): 156-179.
5. Jacques Amalric, "Purifier les Alliances," Libération, September 17, 2001, p. 4.
6. Charles Krauthammer, "The Real New World Order: The American and the Islamic Challenge," Weekly Standard, November 12, 2001, www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/000/456zfygd.asp (accessed January 14, 2004).
7. Paolo Pasicolan and Balbina Y. Hwang, "The Vital Role of Alliances in the Global War on Terrorism," Backgrounder no. 1607, October 24, 2002, p. 1, www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg1607.cfm (accessed January 14, 2004).
8. Statistics found at www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/defense/enduringfreedom.html (accessed December 19, 2003). CENTCOM gives slightly lower numbers (70 countries in the coalition, with 21 providing forces). See www.centcom.mil/Operations/Coalition/joint.html (accessed December 19, 2003).
9. Statistics found at www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/iraq/news/20030327-10.html (accessed December 19, 2003). Fifty-two countries had representatives at CENTCOM when the operation began in March 2003.
10. See Philip Bowring, "What Is It About Anglophones? Britain, Australia and the U.S.", International Herald Tribune, March 27, 2003.
11. "Mexico Resigns From Americas Defense Treaty, Calling It Cold War Relic," Associated Press, September 6, 2002.
12. See Bruno Tertrais, "France and the United States: Drawing the Distinction Between Solidarity and Alignment," In the National Interest 2, no. 7 (February 19, 2003), www.inthenationalinterest.com/Articles/vol2issue7/vol2issue7tertrais.html (accessed January 14, 2004).
13. Victor Davis Hanson, "So Long to All That: Why the Old World of Bases, Alliances, and NATO Is Now Coming to an End," National Review Online, January 31, 2003, www.nationalreview.com/hanson /hanson013103.asp (accessed February 8, 2003).
14. Julian Borger, "U.S.-Based Missiles to Have Global Reach; Allies to Become Less Important as New Generation of Weapons Enables America to Strike Anywhere from Its Own Territory," Guardian, July 1, 2003.
15. Bob Woodward, Bush at War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002), p. 81.
16. Office of the Press Secretary, White House, "Remarks by the President to Troops and Personnel," February 13, 2001, www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/20010213-1.html (accessed December 18, 2003);
17. Office of the Press Secretary, White House, "Interview of the President by Claus Kleber of ARD," May 21, 2002, www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/05/20020521-10.html (accessed December 18, 2003).
18. See Ivo H. Daalder and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), p. 105. The authors dispute the claim made at the time by U.S. officials and lawmakers.
19. Ibid., p. 124.
20. "U.S. Reshuffling Its Troops in Europe; NATO Briefed on Plans for New Bases in Post-Cold War Era," International Herald Tribune, December 9, 2003.
21. For a discussion of NATO's post-Cold War utility, see David S. Yost, NATO Transformed: The Alliance's New Roles in International Security (Washington, D.C.: Institute of Peace Press, 1998), pp. 47-90.
22. See Walt, "Why Alliances Endure or Collapse," p. 166.
23. "Intergovernmental Conference (12-13 December 2003) Addendum 1 to the Presidency Proposal," December 9, 2003, p. 33, www.euitaly2003.it/NR/rdonlyres/B6D8B2AC-707C-4FC8-AA34-12FD3C396EC8/0/ 1209Cig60Add1_en.pdf. (accessed January 14, 2004) (emphasis in original).
24. For two different perspectives on this point, see Nikolas K. Gvosdev, "Diplomatic Gobblygook: Alliances and the National Interest," In the National Interest 2, no. 27 (July 9, 2003), www.inthenationalinterest.com/Articles/Vol2Issue27/ Vol2Issue27Realist.html (accessed July 11, 2003);
25. Victor Davis Hanson, "The Awakening: We Need a Clean Slate in the Postbellum World," National Review Online, August 14, 2003, www.nationalreview.com/hanson/hanson081403.asp (accessed August 20, 2003).
26. Pasicolan and Hwang, "Vital Role of Alliances," p. 3.