Development of copper quality: An historical perspective

Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

Volumn 113, Issue 1, 2004, Pages

  Mackey, Phillip J ^a   Wraith, A E ^b,c  

^a Nornda Falconbridge   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c Albion House   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Copper; History; Production; Quality

Indexed keywords

CATHODES; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRODEPOSITION; ELECTROLYSIS; EXTRACTION; PRODUCTION ENGINEERING; PYROMETALLURGY; QUALITY CONTROL; REFINING; STANDARDS;

IMPURITY LEVELS; QUALITY STANDARDS; SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES;

COPPER METALLURGY;

EID: 3042738001     PISSN: 03719553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/037195504225004652     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. L. GRUNER: 'Traitement du cuivre dans l'appareil Bessemer', Ann. Mines, 1883, 3, 429-441.
2. J. HOLLWAY: 'A new application of a process of rapid oxidation by which sulphides are utilized for fuel', J. Soc. Arts (London), 14 Feb. 1879, 248-270; ibid. 2 May, 1879, 488-495; ibid. 11 July 1879, 728-730.
3. J. HOLLWAY: 'A new application of a process of rapid oxidation by which sulphides are utilized for fuel', J. Soc. Arts (London), 14 Feb. 1879, 248-270; ibid. 2 May, 1879, 488-495; ibid. 11 July 1879, 728-730.
4. J. HOLLWAY: 'A new application of a process of rapid oxidation by which sulphides are utilized for fuel', J. Soc. Arts (London), 14 Feb. 1879, 248-270; ibid. 2 May, 1879, 488-495; ibid. 11 July 1879, 728-730.
5. 'Sir Henry Bessemer FRS: an autobiography', London, 1905.
6. J. PERCY: 'Metallurgy: the art of extracting metals from their ores and adapting them to various purposes of manufacture - fuel, fire-clays, copper, zinc, brass, etc.', London, John Murray, 1861.
7. H. O. HOFMAN: 'Metallurgy of Copper', 1st edn, New York, McGraw Hill, 1914.
8. J. CASTLE, R. MAES, M. LEROY and H. TRAULSEN: 'Non-ferrous metals - an industrial/economic overview from a European perspective', 3-67: 1989, (eds. M. Koch and J. C. Taylor), Proc. Conf. Productivity and technology in the metallurgical industries, TMS.
9. W. G. DAVENPORT and E. H. PARTELPOEG: 'Flash smelting', Oxford, Pergamon, 1987.
10. M. BRUEGGERMAN and E. CABA: 'Operation of the Contop process at the Asarco El Paso smelter', 159-166: 1998, (eds. A. J. Asteljoki and R. L. Stephens), Proc. Symp. Sulfide smelting '98', San Antonio TX, USA, February 1998, TMS.
11. P. J. MACKEY and R. CAMPOS: 'Modern continuous smelting and converting by Bath smelting technology', 125-158: 2000, (eds. G. A. Irons and A. W. Cramb), The Brimacombe Memorial Symposium, Vancouver, BC, October 2000, The Metsoc of CIM and TMS.
12. J. B. W. BAILEY. G. D. HALLET and L. A. MILLS: 'The Noranda Home smelter- 1965 to 1983', 691-707: 1983, (eds. H. Y Sohn, D. B. George and A. D. Zunkel), Proc. Conf. Advances in sulphide smelting', San Francisco CA, USA, November 1983, Met. Soc. AIME.
13. I. S. BLAIR, K. G. JONES and I. SLAUGHTER: 'Recent developments in electric furnace smelting technology at Mufulira Zambia', 817-838: 1983, (eds. H. Y. Sohn, D. B. George and A. D. Zunkel), Proc. Conf. Advances in sulphide smelting, San Francisco CA, USA, November 1983, Met. Soc. AIME.
14. J. M. FLOYD: 'Research and development of Ausmelt technology', 173-191: 2000, (eds. G. A. Irons and A. W. Cramb), The Brimacombe Memorial Symposium, Vancouver, BC, October 2000, The Metsoc of CIM and TMS.
15. S. AJIMA, K. KONDA, K. KANAMORI, T. IGARASHI, T. MUTO and S. HAYASHI: 'Copper smelting and refining in Indonesia', 57-68: 1999, (eds. D. B. George, W. J. (Pete) Chen and P. J. Mackey), Proc. Int. Conf. Copper '99 Cobre '99, Vol. V, Smelting operations and advances, Phoenix, AZ, USA, October 1999, TMS.
16. Y. PREVOST: 'Approaching twenty years of operation of the Noranda process reactor at the Home Division of Noranda Minerals Inc.', 189-202: 1991, (eds. J. K. Brimacombe, P. J. Mackey, G. J. W. Kor, C. Bickert and M. G. Ramade), Proc. Savard/Lee symposium on Bath smelting, Montreal QC, Canada, October 1992, TMS
17. P. MORALES and R. MAC-KAY: 'Upgrading of the Teniente technology', 161-173: 1999, (eds. D. B. George, W. J. (Pete) Chen and P. J. Mackey), Proc. Int. Conf. Copper '99 - Cobre '99, Vol. V, Smelting operations and advances, Phoenix, AZ, USA, October 1999, TMS.
18. Y. PRÉVOST, R. LAPOINTE, C. A. LEVAC and D. BEA.UDOIN: 'First year of operation of the Noranda continuous converter', 269-282: 1999, (eds. D. B. George, W. J. (Pete) Chen and P. J. Mackey), Proc. Int. Conf. Copper '99 - Cobre '99, Vol. V, Smelting operations and advances, Phoenix, AZ, USA, October 1999, TMS.
19. A. A. BUSTOS, J. P. KAPUSTA, B. R. MACNAMARA and M. R. COFFIN: 'High pressure oxygen injection at Falconbridge', 93-106:1999, (eds. D. B. George, W. J. (Pete) Chen and P. J. Mackey), Proc. Int. Conf. Copper '99 - Cobre '99, Vol. V, Smelting operations and advances, Phoenix, AZ, USA, October 1999, TMS.
20. C. S. EMMONS and P. J. GABB: 'Factors influencing a modernized copper smelter impurity control policy', 125-142: 1995, Proc. Conf. Pyrometallurgy '95, Cambridge UK, July 1995, London, IMM.
21. A. M. HESPE: 'Recent developments in geology, exploration and production: the Mt. Gordon copper mine', Australian Institute of Geochemists Journal, Paper No. 2001-02, January 2001; Western Minerals Ltd 〈http://www.westernmetals. com.au/operat/mtgordon.htm〉.
22. D. DREISINGER, G. RICHMOND, F. HESS and T. LANCASTER: 'The competitive position of the Mt Gordon copper process in the copper industry', 1-17: 2002. Perth Australia, ALTA Metallurgical Services, Castlemaine, Vic., Australia 〈www.altamet.com.au〉.
23. J. GLEN, S. ARNOLD and G. RICHMOND: 'Improving the flexibility of the Mt Gordon ferric leach process', Paper presented at the 8th AusIMM Mill Operations Conference, 21-24 July, 2003, AusIMM, Brisbane, Qld, Australia, 2003.
24. ANON.: 'Hatch-Cade Idepe build bio-leaching plant', Mining Magazine, July 2002, 41 〈www.hatch.ca〉; 〈www.codelco.com〉.
25. J. MARSDEN and R. E. BREWER: 'Hydrometallurgical processing of copper concentrate by Phelps Dodge at the Bagdad Mine in Arizona', 1-17: 2003, Proc. ALTA Copper Conference 2003, 22-23 May 2003, Perth, Australia, ALTA Metallurgical Services, Castlemaine, Vie., Australia 〈www.altamet.com. au〉.
26. Proceedings International Conference Copper '99 Cobre '99 Vol. IV, Hydrometallurgy of copper, Phoenix AZ, USA, October 1999, TMS.
27. ALTA 2002-Copper, Technical Proceedings, May 2002, Perth, Australia. ALTA Metallurgical Services.
28. ALTA 2003-Copper, Technical Proceedings, May 2003. ALTA Metallurgical Services, Castlemaine, Vic., Australia 〈www.altamet.com.au〉.
29. P. MILLBANK.: 'Union Miniére counts the cost of change', Metal Bulletin Monthly, May 1999, 74-77.
30. 'Isasmelt Lands in Germany', MIM Process Technologies - Update, Edition No. 1, December 2000, page 3, Brochure by MIM Process Technologies, Brisbane Australia 〈www.mimpt.com.au〉; Huttenwerke Kayser AG 〈http://www.huette-kayser.de/english/index/html〉.
31. G. KAPELL and W. LEUTLOFF: 'Contimelt: a new continuous melting and refining process for copper', J. Metals, 1984, 36, 62-66.
32. J. PERCY: 'Metallurgy: the art of extracting metals from their ores and adapting them to various purposes of manufacture - fuel, fire-clays, copper, zinc, brass, etc.', London, John Murray, 1861, 503-504.
33. H. O. HOFMAN: 'Metallurgy of copper', 1st edn, 12-13: 1914, New York, McGraw Hill.
34. D. M. LEVY: 'Modern copper smelting' (lectures delivered at Birmingham University greatly extended and adapted, and with an introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper), Charles Griffen and Company Ltd, London, 1912, Lecture III, 35-50.
35. J. H. SCHLOEN: 'Electrolytic copper refining - tank room data', 491-507:1991, (eds. W. C. Copper, D. J. Kemp, G. E. Laggos and K. G. Tan), Proc. Conf. Copper '91 Cobre '91, Ottawa ONT, Canada, Volume III Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy of Copper, The Metallurgical Society of CIM, Canada, The IIMCH, Chile, and TMS, USA, CIM, Montreal QC, Canada.
36. T. A. JONES: 'Copper rod quality and its effect on wire drawing performance', 355-366:1991, (eds. C. Diaz, P. J. Mackey, G. P. Tyroler, W. McCutcheon, J. L Mardonnes, E. Gervais and A. Varschavsky), Proc. Conf. Copper '91 - Cobre '91, Ottawa ONT, Canada, Vol. 1, Plenary addresses, economics and applications of copper, The Metallurgical Society of CIM, Canada, The IIMCH, Chile, and TMS, USA, CIM, Montreal QC, Canada.
37. H. O. HOFMAN: 'Metallurgy of copper', 1st edn, 4-9: 1914, New York, McGraw Hill.
38. R. J. HALSEY: 'The story of submarine cables', Trans. Newcomen Soc., 1969-70, 42, 57-74.
39. C. BRIGHT: 'The story of the Atlantic cable', London, George Newnes Ltd, 1903.
40. J. S. GORDON: 'A thread across the ocean - the heroic story of the transatlantic cable', New York, Perennial-Harpers Collins, 2003.
41. W. THOMSON: 'On the electric conductivity of commercial copper of various kinds', Proc R Soc Land., 1857, VIII, 550-555.
42. W. THOMSON: 'Analytical and synthetical attempts to ascertain the cause of differences of electrical conductivity discovered in wires of nearly pure copper', Proc R Soc Land., 1859, X, 300-309.
43. A. MATTHIESSEN and M. HOLZMAN: 'On the effect of the presence of metals and metalloids upon the electrical conducting power of pure copper, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Land., 1860, 150, 85-92.
44. M. WEIDEMAN: 'Ueber die Leitungsfahigkeit einiger Legirungen fur Warme und Elektricitat', Ann Physik Chemie, 1859, 108, 393-406.
45. C. S. SMITH: 'Thermal conductivity of copper alloys I Copper-zinc alloys', Trans AIME, 1930, 89, 84-106.
46. R. E. RICKSECKER: 'Wrought copper and copper alloys', Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 1969, 6, 181-189.
47. 'Report of the Joint Committee Appointed by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and the Atlantic Telegraph Company to inquire into the Construction of Submarine Cables together with The Minutes of Evidence and Appendix', Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1861.(A. Matthiessen data on pp. xv-xvi and Appendix 3).
48. R. E. LEADER: 'Early history of electro-silver plating', J. Inst. Metals, 1919, 22, 310.
49. B. DIBNER: 'The Atlantic cable', Norwalk, CT, USA, Burndy Library, 1959, 6-18.
50. R, S. CULLEY: 'A handbook of practical telegraphy', 6th edn, London, Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer, 1874.
51. W. H. PREECE: 'Conversazione on electrical conductors', Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers, 1883, LXXV, 63-79 and 106.
52. H. FONTAINE: 'Electrolysis - a practical treatise on nickeling, coppering, gilding, silvering, the refining of metals and treatment of ores by means of electricity', Translated from the French by J. A. Berly, London, E & F. N. Spoil, 1885, 195-232.
53. J, H. SCHLOEN and E. M. ELKIN: Treatment of electrolytic copper slimes', 265-289:1954, (ed. A. Butts), Copper: the science and technology of the metal, its alloys and compounds', New York, Hafner.
54. H. O. HOFMAN: 'Metallurgy of copper', 1st edn, 2-3: 1914, New York, McGraw Hill.
55. C. W EICHRODT and J. H. SCHLOEN: 'Electrolytic copper refining', 165-221: 1954, (ed. A. Butts), Copper: the science and technology of the metal, its alloys and compounds', New York, Hafner.
56. H. N. LAWRIE: 'The influence of bismuth on wire-bar copper', Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Metall, 1909, XL, 604-613.
57. A. K. BISWAS and W. G. DAVENPORT: 'Extractive metallurgy of copper', 3rd edn, Oxford, Pergamon, 1994.
58. P. J. Mackay, J. Y Huot and A. E. Wraith: 'On technology trends in copper smelting and refining in the European context: quality perspectives', 61-78: 2001, (eds. GDMB staff: F.Liese and U. Waschki)), Proc. EMC 2001, Vol. I, Copper and Nickel, Zinc and Lead and Environment, Friedrichshaven, Germany, September 2001, GDMB.