The state of American federalism, 2002-2003: Division replaces unity

Publius: The Journal of Federalism

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2003, Pages

  Krane, Dale ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA AT OMAHA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 3042709850     PISSN: 00485950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a004993     Document Type: Review

References (177)

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7. Allan Sloan, "Bush's Depressing Economy," Newsweek,10 Februrary 2003, pp. 56-58; David Leonhardt, "A Sickly Economy, With No Cure in Sight," New York Times, 25 May 2003 (Netscape version); David Leonhardt, "'Egalitarian Recession' Keeps Anger at Bay," New York Times, 15 June 2003 (Netscape version).
8. Allan Sloan, "Bush's Depressing Economy," Newsweek,10 Februrary 2003, pp. 56-58; David Leonhardt, "A Sickly Economy, With No Cure in Sight," New York Times, 25 May 2003 (Netscape version); David Leonhardt, "'Egalitarian Recession' Keeps Anger at Bay," New York Times, 15 June 2003 (Netscape version).
9. Amy Waldman, "More 'Can I Help You?'Jobs Migrate From U.S. to India," New York Times, 11 May 2003 (Netscape version).
10. David Cay Johnson, "Tax Moves by Enron Said to Mystify I.R.S.," New York Times, 13 February 2003 (Netscape version).
11. Brooke A. Masters, "States' Role in Doubt on Wall Street," New York Times, 23 July 2003 (Netscape version).
12. R.G. Ratcliffe and Clay Robinson, "New battle brews over redistricting," Houston Chronicle,19 June 2003, pp. 1 and 14A.
13. Quoted in T. R. Reid, "GOP Redistricting: New Boundaries of Politics?" New York Times, 2 July 2003 (Netscape version).
14. The White House, First 100 days of Homeland Security, 29 April 2003 (www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/04).
15. Michael E. O'Hanlon et al., Protecting The American Homeland" One Year On (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2002), p.125.
16. Ibid., 138.
17. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Department of Homeland Security FY'03 Supplemental Funding Fact Sheet, Office of the Press Secretary, 16 April 2003 (www.dhs.gov/dhspublic).
18. See U.S. General Services Administration, Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2002).
19. Philip Shenon, "Lack of Attack Readiness Laid to Financing Delay by U.S., New York Times, 13 February 2003 (Netscape version).
20. John Machacek and Susan Roth, "Split Looms over $4B for Security," USA Today, 26 March 2003 (Netscape version).
21. Eric Lichtblau, "Agencies Still Fail to Share Information, Reports Say," New York Times, 30 April 2003 (Netscape version).
22. U. S. General Accounting Office, Bioterrorism: Preparedness Varied across State and Local Jurisdictions (Washington, DC: GAO-03-373, April 2003).
23. National Emergency Management Association, State Spending of Homeland Security Funds (Lexington, KY: 2 April 2003).
24. Paul Posner, "Speaker's Remarks," The Role of "Home" in Homeland Security - The Federalism Challenge: The Challenge for State and Local Government (Albany, NY: Rockefeller Institute of Government, 24 March 2003, Symposium series no. 2), pp.16-30.
25. Donald Kettl, "Speaker's Remarks," The Kale of "Home" in Homeland Security - The Federalism Challenge: The Challenge for State and Local Government (Albany, NY: Rockefeller Institute of Government, 24 March 2003, Symposium series no. 2), p.15.
26. Associated Press, "Town criminalizes compliance with Patriot Act," 18 May 2003 (http://cnn.usnews.printhis.clickability.com).
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28. Philip Shenon, "Report on USA Patriot Act Alleges Civil Rights Violations," New York Times, 21 July 2003 (Netscape version).
29. Dana Milbank, "President's Compassionate Agenda Lags: Bush's Legislative Record for Disadvantaged Found Wanting," WashingtonPost.com, 26 December 2002 (Netscape version).
30. The White House, "President Bush Taking Action to Strengthen America's Economy," Policies in Focus: Jobs & Economic Growth, 7 January 2003 (www.whitehouse.gov).
31. David E. Rosenbaum, "Bush Plans Little More Money for Bulk of Federal Programs," New York Times, 22 January 2003 (Netscape version).
32. David E. Rosenbaum, "Greenspan Says Tax Cut Is Not Needed for Growth," New York Times, 1 May 2003 (Netscape version) ; CNNMoney, "Buffet slams dividend tax cut," 20 May 2003 (www.cnnmoney.com).
33. David E. Rosenbaum, "Greenspan Says Tax Cut Is Not Needed for Growth," New York Times, 1 May 2003 (Netscape version) ; CNNMoney, "Buffet slams dividend tax cut," 20 May 2003 (www.cnnmoney.com).
34. E. J. Dionne, Jr., "Bush's War Budget," Washington Post, 6 February 2003 (Netscape version).
35. David Firestone with David E. Rosenbaum, "House G.O.P. Leaders Agree To Eliminate Dividend Tax," New York Times, 21 May 2003 (Netscape version).
36. The laws are the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-16) and the Job Creation and Work Assistance Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-147).
37. Judy Keen and Laurence McQuillan, "Bush's drive for tax cuts fueled by his principles," USA Today, 19 May 2003 (Netscape version).
38. th vote in the Senate. He forced the conference committee to impose a $350 billion ceiling on the tax package, a total slightly less than half of Bush's original proposal.
39. Robin Toner, "For Republicans, Deficits Are Nothing to Be Ashamed Of," Nan York Times, 9 Februrary 2003 (Netscape version).
40. Center on Education Policy, "No Child Left Behind Gains Some Traction, But Progress May Soon Stall in States, Warns First Comprehensive Study of Law's Implementation," Press Release, 3 January 2003 (www.cep-dc.org).
41. I b i d.
42. Sam Dillon, "States Cut Test Standards to Avoid Sanctions," New York Times, 22 May 2003 (Netscape version).
43. Quoted in Ibid., 2003.
44. I b i d.
45. I b i d.
46. Center on Education Policy, "No Child Left Behind Gains Some Traction."
47. Associated Press, "More People on Welfare After Years of Decline," New York Times, 31 December 2002 (Netscape version).
48. Final Monthly Report, Statement of Receipts and Outlays of the United States Government, Table 5 for September of fiscal years 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002.
49. Zoe Neuberger, Annual TANF Expenditures Remain $2 Billion above Block Grant (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 30 October 2002).
50. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, "States Cutting Welfare Reform Programs: Upcoming Federal Welfare Law Could Force Additional Cuts," 4 June 2003 (www.cbpp.org/6-4-03tanf-pr).
51. Shawn Fremstad, State Fiscal Relief Funds Do Not Address The Need For Substantial Increases In Child Care Funding (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 28 July 2003).
52. Leslie Kaufman, "Are the Poor Suffering From Hunger Anymore?" New York Times, 23 February 2003 (Netscape version).
53. Robert Pear, "Aid to Poor Faces More Scrutiny," New York Times, 5 February 2003 (Netscape version).
54. Kaufman, "Are the Poor Suffering From Hunger Anymore?"
55. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS Awards $30 Million To Help Level Playing Field For Faith-Based And Community Institutions, News Release, 3 October 2002 (www.hhs.gov/news/press).
56. U.S. Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, About the Compassion Capital Fund (www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ccf).
57. I b i d.
58. Alan Cooperman, "Faith-Based Charities May Not Be Better, Study Indicates," Washington Post, 25 May 2003 (Netscape version).
59. Helen Dewar, "Senate Bill to Aid Charities Retooled: GOP Abandons Funding Issue," New York Times, 28 March 2003 (Netscape version).
60. Center for Studying Health System Change, Tracking Health Care Costs: Trends Stabilize But Remain High in 2002, Data Bulletin no. 25, June 2003 (www.hschange.com).
61. Robert Pear, "Spending on Health Care Increased Sharply in 2001," New York Times, 8 January 2003 (Netscape version).
62. U.S. Bureau of the Census (www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlth01).
63. Pear, "Spending on Health Care Increased Sharply in 2001."
64. Robert Pear with Elisabeth Bumiller, "Doubts Are Emerging as Bush Pushes His Medicare Plan," New York Times, 30 January 2003 (Netscape version) ; Robert Pear, "All Governors to Be Asked to Back Bush On Medicaid," New York Times, 20 February 2003 (Netscape version); Robin Toner and Robert Pear, "Bush Proposes Major Changes in Medicare and Medicaid," New York Times, 24 February 2003 (Netscape version).
65. Robert Pear with Elisabeth Bumiller, "Doubts Are Emerging as Bush Pushes His Medicare Plan," New York Times, 30 January 2003 (Netscape version) ; Robert Pear, "All Governors to Be Asked to Back Bush On Medicaid," New York Times, 20 February 2003 (Netscape version); Robin Toner and Robert Pear, "Bush Proposes Major Changes in Medicare and Medicaid," New York Times, 24 February 2003 (Netscape version).
66. Robert Pear with Elisabeth Bumiller, "Doubts Are Emerging as Bush Pushes His Medicare Plan," New York Times, 30 January 2003 (Netscape version) ; Robert Pear, "All Governors to Be Asked to Back Bush On Medicaid," New York Times, 20 February 2003 (Netscape version); Robin Toner and Robert Pear, "Bush Proposes Major Changes in Medicare and Medicaid," New York Times, 24 February 2003 (Netscape version).
67. Bush's "Framework to Modernize and Improve Medicare" included three options from which seniors would choose (1) Traditional Medicare, but with a federally provided prescription drug discount card that would save seniors 10 to 25 percent plus a cap on out-of-pocket prescription drug costs, all at no additional premium; (2) Enhanced Medicare, multiple private plans modeled after the health-care plan used by members of Congress and other federal employees, included in all plans would be a prescription drug benefit, protection against high out-of-pocket drug costs, full coverage of preventive services, and cost sharing designed not to penalize those who need the most care; and (3) Medicare Advantage, multiple managed care plans with different benefits and costs, included in all plans would be a subsidized prescription drug benefit. See The White House, Framework to Modernize and Improve Medicare Fact Sheet, 4 March 2003 (www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/03).
68. Robert Pear and Robin Toner, "Bush Drug Proposal in Medicare Plan Faces a Stiff Battle," New York Times, 21 May 2003 (Netscape version).
69. Robert Pear, "Governors Resist Bush Plan to Slow Costs of Medicaid," New York Times, 25 May 2003 (Netscape version); Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 6.4 Million Medium Beneficiaries Would Receive No Medicare Drug Coverage Under Senate Drug Bill, News Release, 31 July 2003 (www.centeronbudget.org).
70. Robert Pear, "Governors Resist Bush Plan to Slow Costs of Medicaid," New York Times, 25 May 2003 (Netscape version); Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 6.4 Million Medium Beneficiaries Would Receive No Medicare Drug Coverage Under Senate Drug Bill, News Release, 31 July 2003 (www.centeronbudget.org).
71. Quoted in Robin Toner, "Reshaping Medicare. Rural Roots in Minds, New York Times, 2 June 2003 (Netscape version).
72. rd ed. (Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1988).
73. rd ed. (Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1988).
74. See Mark C. Donovan, Taking Aim: Target Populations and the Wars on AIDS and Drugs (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2001).
75. Alan Ehrenhalt, "Myths and Realities of Statehouse Power," Governing 16 (December 2002): 6.
76. Council of State Governments, Elections 2002, www.csg.org/CSG/States/ elections/2002.
77. Peter A. Harkness, "Renewal," Governing 16 (December 2002): 4.
78. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Effect of Term Limits in the 2002 Elections," www.ncsl.org/programs/legman/about/TL2002.
79. National Governors Association and National Association of State Budget Officers, The Fiscal Survey of States, November 2002, executive summary.
80. Matt Bai, "Drip, Drip, Drip," New York Times, 8 June 2003 (Netscape version).
81. Liz McNichol, "The State Fiscal Crisis: Extent, Causes, and Responses," (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 24 April 2003), p. 1.
82. National Governors Association and National Association of State Budget Officers, The Fiscal Survey of States, June 2003, Executive Summary, p. ix.
83. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Three Years Later, State Budget Gaps Linger: Total Gaps Grow to $200 billion since FY 2001," NCSL NEWS, 24 April 2003 (Netscape version).
84. National Governors Association, "Tough Economic Times Remain for States, press release, 31 July 2003 (www.nga.org/nga/newsRoom/pressRelease Netscape version).
85. Ronald K. Snell, Corina Eckl, and Graham Williams, State Spending in the 1990s (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, National Conference of State Legislatures, 14 July 2003).
86. National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, NCSL, 23 July 2003).
87. Nicholas W. Jenny and Richard P. Nathan, "Sizing Up the Shortfalls: The States in Straits," Government Finance Review 19 (April 2003): 11-12.
88. National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, NCVSL, 23 July 2003).
89. National Governors Association and National Association of State Budget Officers, The Fiscal Survey of States, June 2003.
90. Kenneth Finegold, Stephanie Schardin, and Rebecca Steinbach, How An States Responding to Fiscal Stress, The Urban Institute, series A, no. A-58 March 2003; Nicholas Johnson, Iris J. Lav, and Rose Ribeiro, States Are Making Deep Budget Cuts In Response To The Fiscal Crisis (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 20 March 2003), www.cbpp.org/3-19-03sfp.
91. Kenneth Finegold, Stephanie Schardin, and Rebecca Steinbach, How An States Responding to Fiscal Stress, The Urban Institute, series A, no. A-58 March 2003; Nicholas Johnson, Iris J. Lav, and Rose Ribeiro, States Are Making Deep Budget Cuts In Response To The Fiscal Crisis (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 20 March 2003), www.cbpp.org/3-19-03sfp.
92. Bai, "Drip, Drip, Drip."
93. Kenneth Finegold, Stephanie Schardin, and Rebecca Steinbach, How Are States Responding to Fiscal Stress, The Urban Institute, series A, no. A-58 March 2003.
94. Peronet Despeignes, "US states face long-term budget shortfalls," New York Times, 28 May 2003 (Netscape version).
95. I b i d.
96. Nicholas Johnson as quoted in Louis Uchitelle, "Red Ink in States Beginning to Hurt Economic Recovery," New York Times, 28 July 2003 (Netscape version).
97. See Dale A. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002: Resilience in Response to Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 32 (Fall 2002): 21-23; John Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?" The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 26-31; Deil S. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends," The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KV: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 21-25; Elizabeth C. McNichol and Kevin Carey, Did States Overspend During the 1990s? (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 15 October 2002); Michael S. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 May 2003); Brian M. Riedl, "What Unfunded Mandates? CBO Study Reveals Washington Not at Fault for State Budget Crises," Backgrounder, no. 1663 (Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 18 June 2003); National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, 23 July 2003); Greg Easterbrook, "Stop Blaming Washington First: States' Rites," The New Republic, 31 July 2003 (www.tnr.com).
98. See Dale A. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002: Resilience in Response to Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 32 (Fall 2002): 21-23; John Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?" The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 26-31; Deil S. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends," The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KV: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 21-25; Elizabeth C. McNichol and Kevin Carey, Did States Overspend During the 1990s? (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 15 October 2002); Michael S. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 May 2003); Brian M. Riedl, "What Unfunded Mandates? CBO Study Reveals Washington Not at Fault for State Budget Crises," Backgrounder, no. 1663 (Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 18 June 2003); National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, 23 July 2003); Greg Easterbrook, "Stop Blaming Washington First: States' Rites," The New Republic, 31 July 2003 (www.tnr.com).
99. See Dale A. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002: Resilience in Response to Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 32 (Fall 2002): 21-23; John Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?" The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 26-31; Deil S. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends," The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KV: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 21-25; Elizabeth C. McNichol and Kevin Carey, Did States Overspend During the 1990s? (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 15 October 2002); Michael S. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 May 2003); Brian M. Riedl, "What Unfunded Mandates? CBO Study Reveals Washington Not at Fault for State Budget Crises," Backgrounder, no. 1663 (Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 18 June 2003); National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, 23 July 2003); Greg Easterbrook, "Stop Blaming Washington First: States' Rites," The New Republic, 31 July 2003 (www.tnr.com).
100. See Dale A. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002: Resilience in Response to Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 32 (Fall 2002): 21-23; John Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?" The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 26-31; Deil S. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends," The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KV: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 21-25; Elizabeth C. McNichol and Kevin Carey, Did States Overspend During the 1990s? (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 15 October 2002); Michael S. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 May 2003); Brian M. Riedl, "What Unfunded Mandates? CBO Study Reveals Washington Not at Fault for State Budget Crises," Backgrounder, no. 1663 (Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 18 June 2003); National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, 23 July 2003); Greg Easterbrook, "Stop Blaming Washington First: States' Rites," The New Republic, 31 July 2003 (www.tnr.com).
101. See Dale A. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002: Resilience in Response to Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 32 (Fall 2002): 21-23; John Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?" The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 26-31; Deil S. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends," The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KV: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 21-25; Elizabeth C. McNichol and Kevin Carey, Did States Overspend During the 1990s? (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 15 October 2002); Michael S. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 May 2003); Brian M. Riedl, "What Unfunded Mandates? CBO Study Reveals Washington Not at Fault for State Budget Crises," Backgrounder, no. 1663 (Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 18 June 2003); National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, 23 July 2003); Greg Easterbrook, "Stop Blaming Washington First: States' Rites," The New Republic, 31 July 2003 (www.tnr.com).
102. See Dale A. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002: Resilience in Response to Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 32 (Fall 2002): 21-23; John Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?" The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 26-31; Deil S. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends," The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KV: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 21-25; Elizabeth C. McNichol and Kevin Carey, Did States Overspend During the 1990s? (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 15 October 2002); Michael S. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 May 2003); Brian M. Riedl, "What Unfunded Mandates? CBO Study Reveals Washington Not at Fault for State Budget Crises," Backgrounder, no. 1663 (Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 18 June 2003); National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, 23 July 2003); Greg Easterbrook, "Stop Blaming Washington First: States' Rites," The New Republic, 31 July 2003 (www.tnr.com).
103. See Dale A. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002: Resilience in Response to Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 32 (Fall 2002): 21-23; John Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?" The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 26-31; Deil S. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends," The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KV: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 21-25; Elizabeth C. McNichol and Kevin Carey, Did States Overspend During the 1990s? (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 15 October 2002); Michael S. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 May 2003); Brian M. Riedl, "What Unfunded Mandates? CBO Study Reveals Washington Not at Fault for State Budget Crises," Backgrounder, no. 1663 (Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 18 June 2003); National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, 23 July 2003); Greg Easterbrook, "Stop Blaming Washington First: States' Rites," The New Republic, 31 July 2003 (www.tnr.com).
104. See Dale A. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002: Resilience in Response to Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 32 (Fall 2002): 21-23; John Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?" The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 26-31; Deil S. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends," The Book of the States, 2003 ed., vol. 35 (Lexington, KV: Council of State Governments, 2003), pp. 21-25; Elizabeth C. McNichol and Kevin Carey, Did States Overspend During the 1990s? (Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 15 October 2002); Michael S. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1 May 2003); Brian M. Riedl, "What Unfunded Mandates? CBO Study Reveals Washington Not at Fault for State Budget Crises," Backgrounder, no. 1663 (Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 18 June 2003); National Conference of State Legislatures, State Budget & Tax Actions 2003 (Denver: Fiscal Affairs Program, 23 July 2003); Greg Easterbrook, "Stop Blaming Washington First: States' Rites," The New Republic, 31 July 2003 (www.tnr.com).
105. See Kincaid, "Trends in Federalism: Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?"
106. W. Mark Crain, Volatile States: Institutions, Policy and the Performance of American State Economies (Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 2003), pp. 119-137.
107. Quoted in David Cay Johnson, "Business Tax Shelters a Drain on States' Finances, Study Says," New York Times, 16 June 2003 (Netscape version).
108. See Series on the Government and Politics of the American States, University of Nebraska Press.
109. Dennis Cauchon, "Party control affects budgets," USA Today, 19 May 2003 (Netscape version).
110. Richard Vedder, Should the Feds Bail Out the States? (Washington, DC: American Legislative Exchange Council, February 2003).
111. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now.
112. Quoted in David Firestone, "Does Pain Make States Stronger?," New York Times, 27 April 2003 (Netscape version).
113. Bai, "Drip, Drip, Drip."
114. Quoted in Firestone, "Does Pain Make States Stronger?"
115. Greve, Washington and the States: Segregation Now.
116. Quoted in Michael Powell, "Rescue's Just Not Part of the Plan," Washington Post, 4 May 2003 (Netscape version).
117. Paul Posner, The Politics of Unfunded Mandates: Whither Federalism! (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1998).
118. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions and Trends."
119. Bai, "Drip, Drip, Drip."
120. Quoted in Powell, "Rescue's Just Not Part of the Plan."
121. th ed. (New York: Chatham House Publishers, 2000).
122. th ed. (New York: Chatham House Publishers, 2000).
123. National Governors Association and National Association of State Budget Officers, The Fiscal Survey of States, June 2003.
124. National Governors Association, "State Budget Outlook Remains Bleak," press release, 2 December 2002.
125. Daniel Gross, "Holding Republican Governors' Feats to the Fire," New York Times, 6 January 2003 (Netscape version).
126. Kincald, "Trends in Federalism; Is Fiscal Federalism Fizzling?"
127. Ibid; Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002,"21- 23.
128. Ibid; Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002,"21- 23.
129. Randall B. Bovbjerg, et al., "Medicaid Coverage for the Working Uninsured: The Role of State Policy," Health Affairs (2002): 231.
130. Bai, "Drip, Drip, Drip."
131. Jason White, "Republicans Govs Buck Anti-Tax Reputations," Stateline.org, 26 June 2003 (Netscape version).
132. Froma Harrop, "Ashcroft unfairly forces states to embrace the death penalty," Creators Syndicate, reprinted in the Omaha World-Herald, 22 July 2003 (Netscape version).
133. Progress in the States, Center for Policy Alternatives, July 2003 (ww.cfpa.org).
134. Associated Press, "Some State Constitutions Going Gender-Neutral," New York Times, 22 May 2003 (Netscape version).
135. Milt Freudenheim, "States Organizing a Nonprofit Group to Cut Drug Costs," New York Times 14 January 2003 (Netscape version).
136. National Governors Association and National Association of State Budget Officers, The Fiscal Survey of the States, November 2002, p. 5.
137. John Buntin, "The Incredibly Expansive Medicaid Machine," Governing 15 (October 2001): 30-32.
138. John Peterson, "States and the Markets," Governing15 (August 2002): 58.
139. Stephanie Strom, "Strong-Arm Shaking of Charities Raises Ethics Questions," New York Times, 11 May 2003 (Netscape version).
140. Alan Greenblat, "The Avengers General," Governing16 (May 2003): 52-56.
141. I b i d.
142. Charles Cook, "Davis hardly deserves all blame for California's budgetary woes," Cook Political Report (reprinted in the Omaha World-Herald, 13 August 2003).
143. John Broder and Dean E. Murphy, "A Recall Vote Seems Certain for California," New York Times, 24 July 2003 (Netscape version).
144. Cook, "Davis hardly deserves all blame for California's budgetary woes."
145. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002," p. 25.
146. Christopher Swope, "Made in Sacramento," Governing 16 (July 2003): 34-38.
147. See John Kincaid, "The State of U.S. Federalism, 2000-2001: Continuity in Crisis," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 31 (Summer 2001): 1-69.
148. Krane, "The State of American Federalism, 2001-2002."
149. Swope, "Made in Sacramento," p. 38.
150. Wright, "Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions, and Trends."
151. This section was contributed by John Kincaid.
152. See Kincaid, "The State of U.S. Federalism, 2000-2001," pp. 60-67.
153. 538 U.S. 721, 123 S.Ct. 1972 (2003).
154. United States v. American Library Association, 539 U.S. 194 (2003).
155. Cook County III. v. United States ex rel. Chandler, 538 U.S. 119 (2003). 139 Pierce County v. Guillen, 537 U.S. 129 (2003).
156. American Insurance Associations vs. Garamendi, 539 U.S. 396 (2003).
157. Marion Reynolds Stogner v. California, 539 U.S. 607 (2003).
158. Ewing v. California, 538 U.S. 11 (2003) and Lockyer v. Andrade, 538 U.S. 63 (2003).
159. Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. Jotm Doe, 538 U.S. 1 (2003) and Delbert W. Smith and Bruce M. Botelho v. John Doe, 538 U.S. 84 (2003).
160. Overton v. Bazzetta, 539 U.S. 126 (2003).
161. Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322 (2003).
162. Allen D. Brown and Greg Hayes v. Legal Foundation of Washington, 538 U.S. 216 (2003).
163. 538 U.S. 488, 123 S.Ct. 1683 (2003).
164. Beneficial Nat'l Bank v. Anderson, 539 U.S. 1 (2003).
165. Kentucky Association of Health Plans, Inc. v. Janie A. Miller, 538 U.S. 329 (2003).
166. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America v. Peter E. Walsh, 538 U.S. 644 (2003).
167. Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003).
168. Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244 (2003).
169. Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003).
170. Anderson v. Treadwell, 538 U.S. 906 (2003).
171. City of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio v. Buckeye Community Hope Foundation, 538 U.S. 188 (2003).
172. Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003).
173. 478 U.S. 186 (1986).
174. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services v. Guardianship Estate of Danny Keffeler, 537 U.S. 371 (2003).
175. Georgia v. Ashcroft, 539 U.S. 461 (2003).
176. Paul Peterson, "The Changing Politics of Federalism," Evolving Federalism: The Intergovernmental Balance of Power in America and Europe (Syracuse, NY: Campbell Public Affairs Institute, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 2003): 25-41.
177. Ibid., 29.