Self-presentations of happiness: Sincere, polite, or cautious?

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 30, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 905-914

  Pataki, Sherri P ^a   Clark, Margaret S ^a  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attractiveness; Emotion expression; Happiness; Strategic self presentation; Trust

Indexed keywords

ADULT; EMOTION; ESTHETICS; FEMALE; HAPPINESS; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MALE; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; TRUST;

ADULT; BEAUTY; EXPRESSED EMOTION; FEMALE; HAPPINESS; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; SEX FACTORS; TRUST; TRUTH DISCLOSURE;

EID: 3042674185     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167204264090     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Bar-Tal, D., & Saxe, L. (1976). Perceptions of similarly and dissimilarly attractive couples and individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 722-781.
2. Berscheid, E., & Hatfield, E. (1974). Physical attractiveness. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 157-215). New York: Academic Press.
3. Buck, R. (1976). A test of nonverbal receiving ability: Preliminary studies. Human Communication Research, 2, 162-171.
4. Campbell, R. J., Kagan, N., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1971). The development and validation of a scale to measure affective sensitivity (empathy). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 18, 407-412.
5. Clark, M. S., Fitness, J., & Brissette, I. (2001). Understanding people's perceptions of relationships is crucial to understanding their emotional lives. In G. Fletcher & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Interpersonal processes (pp. 253-278). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
6. Clark, M. S., Pataki, S. P., & Carver, V. (1996). Some thoughts and findings on self-presentation of emotions in relationships. In G. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 247-274). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
7. Denham, S. B., & Grout, L. (1993). Socialization of emotion: Pathway to preschoolers' emotional and social competence. Journal of Non-verbal Behavior, 17, 205-227.
8. Dion, K. K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 285-290.
9. Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but . . .: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109-128.
10. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. (1975). Unmasking the face. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
11. Feingold, A. (1990). Gender differences in effects of physical attractiveness on romantic attraction: A comparison across five research paradigms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 981-993.
12. Feingold, A. (1992). Good looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 304-341.
13. Frable, D., Blackstone, T., & Scherbaum, C. (1990). Marginal and mindful: Deviants in social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 140-149.
14. Fridlund, A. J. (1991). Sociality of solitary smiling: Potentiation by an implicit audience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 229-240.
15. Frijda, N. H. (1993). Moods, emotion episodes, and emotions. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 381-404). New York: Guilford.
16. Givens, D. B. (1978). The nonverbal basis of attraction: Flirtation, courtship, and seduction. Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes, 41, 346-359.
17. Gnepp, J., & Hess, D. L. R. (1986). Children's understanding of verbal and facial display rules. Developmental Psychology, 22, 103-108.
18. Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual. New York: Anchor.
19. Goldman, W., & Lewis, P. (1977). Beautiful is good: Evidence that the physically attractive are more socially skillful. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 125-130.
20. Green, S. K., Buchanan, D. R., & Muir, S. K. (1984). Winners, losers, and choosers: A field investigation of dating initiation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 502-511.
21. Harris, P. L. (1989). Children and emotion: The development of psychological understanding. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
22. Harris, P. L. (1994). The child's understanding of emotion: Developmental change and the family environment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 35, 3-28.
23. Harris, P. L., Donnelly, K., Guz, G. R., & Pitt-Watson, R. (1986). Children's understanding of the distinction between real and apparent emotion. Child Development, 57, 895-909.
24. Harrison, G. B. (Ed.). (1968). Shakespeare: The complete works. New York: Harcourt Brace World.
25. Jackson, L. A., Hunter, J. E., & Hodge, C. N. (1995). Physical attractiveness and intellectual competence: A meta-analytic review. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 108-122.
26. Jones, S. S., Collins, K., & Hong, H. (1991). An audience effect on smile production in 10-month-old infants. Psychological Science, 2, 45-49.
27. Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
28. Levenson, R. W. (1994). Human emotion: A functional view. In P. Ekman & R.J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 123-126). New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Major, B., Carrington, P., & Carnevale, P. (1984). Physical attractiveness and self-esteem: Attributions for praise from an other-sex evaluator. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 43-50.
30. Mandler, G. (1975). Mind and emotion. New York: John Wiley.
31. Mathes, E., & Kahn, A. (1975). Physical attractiveness, happiness, neuroticism and self-esteem. Journal of Psychology, 90, 27-30.
32. Mayer, J. D., DiPaolo, M., & Salovey, P. (1990). Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 772-781.
33. Miller, R. S., & Leary, M. R. (1992). Social sources and interactive functions of emotion: The case of embarrassment. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotion and social behavior (pp. 202-221). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
34. Moore, M. M. (1985). Nonverbal courtship patterns in women: Context and consequences. Ethnology and Sociobiology, 6, 237-247.
35. Perper, T., & Weis, D. L. (1987). Proceptive and rejective strategies of U.S. and Canadian college women. Journal of Sex Research, 23, 455-480.
36. Pierre, G. C. (2003). Inferring social interest from happiness in interpersonal interactions. Unpublished honor's thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh.
37. Reis, H. T., Wheeler, L., Spiegel, N., Kernis, M. H., Nezlek, J., & Perri, M. (1982). Physical attractiveness in social interaction: II. Why does appearance affect social experience? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 979-996.
38. Saarni, C. (1984). An observational study of children's attempts to monitor their expressive behavior. Child Development, 55, 1504-1513.
39. Saarni, C. (1999). The development of emotional competence. New York: Guilford.
40. Salovey, P., Bedell, B., Detweiler, J. B., & Mayer, J. D. (1999). Coping intelligently: Emotional intelligence and the coping process. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 141-164). New York: Oxford University Press.
41. Salovey, P., Woolery, A., & Mayer, J. D. (2001). Emotional intelligence: Conceptualization and measurement. In G. Fletcher & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Interpersonal processes (pp. 279-307). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
42. Scherer, K. R. (1982). Emotion as a process: Function, origin and regulation. Social Science Information, 21, 555-570.
43. Sigall, H., & Landy, D. (1973). Radiating beauty: Effects of having a physically attractive partner on person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 218-224.
44. Simon, H. A. (1967). Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. Psychological Review, 74, 29-39.
45. Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 813-838.
46. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 656-666.
47. Umberson, D., & Hughes, M. (1987). The impact of physical attractiveness on achievement and psychological well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 227-236.
48. Walster, E., Aronson, V., Abrahams, D., & Rottman, L. (1966). Importance of physical attractiveness in dating behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 508-516.
49. Wheeler, L., & Kim, Y. (1997). What is beautiful is culturally good: The physical attractiveness stereotype has different content in collectivistic cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 795-800.