The therapeutic window after spinal cord injury can accommodate T cell-based vaccination and methylprednisolone in rats

European Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 19, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 2984-2990

  Ibarra, Antonio ^a,b   Hauben, Ehud ^a   Butovsky, Oleg ^a   Schwartz, Michal ^a  

^a WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

^b Med Res U on Neurol Diseases   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Inflammation; Neurodegeneration; Neuroprotection; Paraplegia; Protective autoimmunity

Indexed keywords

CYCLOSPORIN A; EMULSIFYING AGENT; FREUND ADJUVANT; METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE; MYELIN ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN; PEPTIDE DERIVATIVE;

ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RAT STRAIN; SPINAL CORD INJURY; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; T LYMPHOCYTE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VACCINATION;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CELL COUNT; CELL DIVISION; CELLS, CULTURED; DEXTRANS; ECTODYSPLASINS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, AUTOIMMUNE, EXPERIMENTAL; FEMALE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOTHERAPY, ACTIVE; LAMINECTOMY; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MYCOBACTERIUM; MYELIN BASIC PROTEINS; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS; RATS; RATS, INBRED LEW; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; RHODAMINES; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; T-LYMPHOCYTES; TIME FACTORS; TRYPTOPHAN;

EID: 3042662126     PISSN: 0953816X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03402.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bartholdi, D. & Schwab, M.E. (1995) Methylprednisolone inhibits early inflammatory processes but not ischemic cell death after experimental spinal cord lesion in the rat. Brain Res., 672, 177-186.
2. Basso, D.M., Beattie, M.S. & Bresnahan, J.C. (1995) A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J. Neurotrauma, 12, 1-21.
3. Bracken, M.B., Shepard, M.J., Collins, W.F. Jr, Holford, T.R., Baskin, D.S., Eisenberg, H.M., Flamm, E., Leo-Summers, L., Maroon, J.C., Marshall, L.F., Perot Jr, P.L., Piepmeier, J., Sonntag, V.K.H., Wagner, F.C., Wilberger, J.L., Winn, H.R. & Young, W. (1992) Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. J. Neurosurg., 76, 23-31.
4. Butovsky, O., Hauben, E. & Schwartz, M. (2001) Morphological aspects of spinal cord autoimmune neuroprotection: colocalization of T cells with B7-2 (CD86) and prevention of cyst formation. FASEB J., 15, 1065-1067.
5. Constantini, S. & Young, W. (1994) The effects of methylprednisolone and the ganglioside GM1 on acute spinal cord injury in rats. J. Neurosurg., 80, 97-111.
6. Diaz-Ruiz, A., Rios, C., Duarte, I., Correa, D., Guizar-Sahagun, G., Grijalva, I., Madrazo, I. & Ibarra, A. (2000) Lipid peroxidation inhibition in spinal cord injury: cyclosporin-A vs methylprednisolone. Neuroreport, 11, 1765-1767.
7. Faden, A.I. (1993) Experimental neurobiology of central nervous system trauma. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol., 7, 175-186.
8. Fehlings, M.G. & Tator, C.H. (1995) The relationships among the severity of spinal cord injury, residual neurological function, axon counts, and counts of retrogradely labeled neurons after experimental spinal cord injury. Exp. Neurol., 132, 220-228.
9. Fisher, J., Levkovitch-Verbin, H., Schori, H., Yoles, E., Butovsky, O., Kaye, J.F. & Ben-Nun, A. (2001) Vaccination for neuroprotection in the mouse optic nerve: implications for optic neuropathies. J. Neurosci., 21, 136-142.
10. Goodman, A., Rall, T.W. & Taylor, A.S. (1990) The Pharmacological Basis of the Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
11. Haghighi, S.S., Agrawal, S.K., Surdell, D. Jr, Plambeck, R., Agrawal, S., Johnson, G.C. & Walker, A. (2000) Effects of methylprednisolone and MK-801 on functional recovery after experimental chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 38, 733-740.
12. Hall, E.D. (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in traumatic injury: clinical implications. J. Emerg. Med., 11, 31-36.
13. Hall, E.D., Yonkers, P.A., Andrus, P.K., Cox, J.W. & Anderson, D.K. (1992) Biochemistry and pharmacology of lipid antioxidants in acute brain and spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma, 9 (Suppl. 2), S425-S442.
14. Hauben, E., Agranov, E., Gothilf, A., Nevo, U., Cohen, A., Smirnov, I., Steinman, L. & Schwartz, M. (2001) Posttraumatic therapeutic vaccination with modified myelin self-antigen prevents complete paralysis while avoiding autoimmune disease. J. Clin. Invest., 108, 591-599.
15. Hauben, E., Butovsky, O., Nevo, U., Yoles, E., Moalem, G., Agranov, E., More, F., Leibowitz-Amit, R., Pevsner, E., Akselrod, S., Neeman. M., Cohen, I.R. & Schwartz, M. (2000) Passive or active immunization with myelin basic protein promotes recovery from spinal cord contusion. J. Neurosci., 20, 6421-6430.
16. Hauben, E., Mizrahi, T., Agranov, E. & Schwartz, M. (2002) Sexual dimorphism in the spontaneous recovery from spinal cord injury: a gender gap in beneficial autoimmunity? Eur. J. Neurosci., 16, 1731-1740.
17. Hirschberg, D.L., Moalem, G.H.E.J., Mor, F., Cohen, I.R. & Schwartz, M. (1998) Accumulation of passively transferred primed T cells independently of their antigen specificity following central nervous system trauma. J. Neuroimmunol., 89, 88-96.
18. Karlik, S.J., Stavraky, R.T. & Hall, E.D. (1996) Comparison of tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F) and methylprednisolone sodium succinate treatments in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the guinea pig. Mult. Scler., 1, 228-235.
19. Kipnis, J., Mizrahi, T., Hauben, E., Shaked, I., Shevach, E. & Schwartz, M. (2002) Neuroprotective autoimmunity: naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress the ability to withstand injury to the central nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 15620-15625.
20. Kipnis, J., Yoles, E., Schori, H., Hauben, E., Shaked, I. & Schwartz, M. (2001) Neuronal survival after CNS insult is determined by a genetically encoded autoimmune response. J. Neurosci., 21, 4564-4571.
21. Koyanagi, I., Tator, C.H. & Lea, P.J. (1993) Three-dimensional analysis of the vascular system in the rat spinal cord with scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Part 2: acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery, 33, 285-291; discussion 292.
22. Kwo, S., Young, W. & Decrescito, V. (1989) Spinal cord sodium, potassium, calcium, and water concentration changes in rats after graded contusion injury. J. Neurotrauma, 6, 13-24.
23. Mizrahi, T., Hauben, E. & Schwartz, M. (2002) The tissue-specific self-pathogen is the protective self-antigen: the case of uveitis. J. Immunol., 169, 5971-5977.
24. Moalem, G., Monsonego, A., Shani, Y., Cohen, I.R. & Schwartz, M. (1999) Differential T cell response in central and peripheral nerve injury: connection with immune privilege. FASEB J., 13, 1207-1217.
25. Nevo, U., Hauben, E., Yoles, E., Agranov, E., Akselrod, S., Schwartz, M. & Neeman, M. (2001) Diffusion anisotropy MRI for quantitative assessment of recovery in injured rat spinal cord. Magn. Reson. Med., 45, 1-9.
26. Popovich, P.G., Wei, P. & Stokes, B.T. (1997) Cellular inflammatory response after spinal cord injury in Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats. J. Comp. Neurol., 377, 443-464.
27. Qian, T., Campagnolo, D. & Kirshblum, S. (2000) High-dose methylprednisolone may do more harm for spinal cord injury. Med. Hypotheses, 55, 452-453.
28. Schori, H., Kipnis, J., Yoles, E., WoldeMussie, E., Ruiz, G., Wheeler, L.A. & Schwartz, M. (2001a) Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: implications for glaucoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 3398-3403.
29. Schori, H., Lantner, F., Shachar, I. & Schwartz, M. (2002) Severe immunodeficiency has opposite effects on neuronal survival in glutamate-susceptible and -resistant mice: adverse effect of B cells. J. Immunol., 169, 2861-2865.
30. Schori, H., Yoles, E. & Schwartz, M. (2001b) T-cell-based immunity counteracts the potential toxicity of glutamate in the central nervous system. J. Neuroimmunol., 119, 199-204.
31. Schwartz, M. (2001) Protective autoimmunity as a T-cell response to central nervous system trauma: prospects for therapeutic vaccines. Prog. Neurobiol., 65, 489-496.
32. Schwartz, M. & Kipnis, J. (2001) Protective autoimmunity: regulation and prospects for vaccination after brain and spinal cord injuries. Trends Mol. Med., 7, 252-258.
33. Schwartz, M. & Kipnis, J. (2002) Autoimmunity on alert: naturally occurring regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells as part of the evolutionary compromise between a 'need' and a 'risk'. Trends Immunol., 23, 530-534.
34. Schwartz, M., Moalem, G., Leibowitz-Amit, R. & Cohen, I.R. (1999) Innate and adaptive immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair. Trends Neurosci., 22, 295-299.
35. Shuman, S.L., Bresnahan, J.C. & Beattie, M.S. (1997) Apoptosis of microglia and oligodendrocytes after spinal cord contusion in rats. J. Neurosci. Res., 50, 798-808.
36. Smolen, A.J., Wright, L.L. & Cunningham, T.J. (1983) Neuron numbers in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion of the rat: a critical comparison of methods for cell counting. J. Neurocytol., 12, 739-750.
37. Steiner, I., Brenner, T., Mizrachi-Kol, R. & Abramsky, O. (1991) Development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis during steroid administration. Outcome of neurological immune-mediated disorders under immunosuppressive therapy. Isr. J. Med. Sci., 27, 365-368.
38. Steinsapir, K.D., Goldberg, R.A., Sinha, S. & Hovda, D.A. (2000) Methylprednisolone exacerbates axonal loss following optic nerve trauma in rats. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci, 17, 157-163.
39. Sun, Y.N., McKay, L.I., DuBois, D.C., Jusko, W.J. & Almon, R.R. (1999) Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models for corticosteroid receptor down-regulation and glutamine synthetase induction in rat skeletal muscle by a receptor/gene-mediated mechanism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 288, 720-728.
40. Tator, C.H. (1995) Update on the pathophysiology and pathology of acute spinal cord injury. Brain Pathol., 5, 407-413.
41. Yoles, E., Hauben, E., Palgi, O., Agranov, E., Gothilf, A., Cohen, A., Kuchroo, V., Cohen, I.R., Weiner, H. & Schwartz, M. (2001) Protective autoimmunity is a physiological response to CNS trauma. J. Neurosci., 21, 3740-3748.
42. Yoon, D.H., Kim, Y.S. & Young, W. (1999) Therapeutic time window for methylprednisolone in spinal cord injured rat. Yonsei Med. J., 40, 313-320.
43. Young, W. (1996) Spinal cord regeneration [comment]. Science, 273, 451.