Role of CO2 in the formation of gold deposits

Nature

Volumn 429, Issue 6994, 2004, Pages 860-863

  Phillips, G N ^a   Evans, K A ^b  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CHEMICAL BONDS; COMPLEXATION; GOLD DEPOSITS; PH EFFECTS; SOLUTIONS;

GOLD PRODUCTION; GOLD-BEARING FLUIDS;

EXPLORATORY GEOCHEMISTRY;

CARBON DIOXIDE; GOLD; SULFUR;

CARBON DIOXIDE; GOLD; METALLOGENESIS; ORE DEPOSIT; PH;

ARTICLE; COMPLEX FORMATION; COVALENT BOND; DISSOCIATION CONSTANT; GEOCHEMISTRY; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SALINITY; SOLUBILITY; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 3042631034     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature02644     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Phillips, G. N. & Powell, R. Link between gold provinces. Econ. Geol. 88, 1084-1098 (1993).
2. Ho, S. E., Groves, D. I. & Phillips, G. N. Fluid inclusions as indicators of the nature and source of ore fluids and ore depositional conditions for Archaean gold deposits of the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 88, 149-158 (1985).
3. Puddephatt, R. J. The Chemistry of Gold (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1978).
4. Barnicoat, A. C. et al. Hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Witwatersrand basin. Nature 386, 820-824 (1997).
5. Morrison, G. W., Rose, W. J. & Jaireth, S. Geological and geochemical controls on the silver content (fineness) of gold in gold-silver deposits. Ore Geol. Rev. 6, 333-364 (1991).
6. 2-rich vein fluid and diverse wall rocks: intensive variables, mass transfers, and Au mineralization at Alleghany, California. Econ. Geol. 84, 291-327 (1989).
7. Smith, T. J., Cloke, P. L. & Kesler, S. E. Geochemistry of fluid inclusions from the McIntyre-Hollinger gold deposit, Timmins, Ontario. Econ. Geol. 79, 1265-1285 (1984).
8. Cox, S. F., Wall, V. J., Etheridge, M. A. & Potter, T. F. Deformational and metamorphic processes in the formation of mesothermal vein-hosted gold deposits - examples from the Lachlan Fold Belt in central Victoria, Australia. Ore Geol. Rev. 6, 391-423 (1991).
9. Kuehn, C. A. & Rose, A. W. Carlin gold deposits, Nevada: origin in a deep zone of mixing between normally pressured and overpressured fluids. Econ. Geol. 90, 17-36 (1995).
10. Phillips, G. N., Klemd, R. & Robertson, N. S. Summary of some fluid inclusion data from the Witwatersrand Basin and surrounding granitoids. Mem. Geol. Soc. India 11, 59-65 (1988).
11. Phillips, G. N. & Groves, D. I. The nature of Archaean gold-bearing fluids as deduced from gold deposits of Western Australia. J. Geol. Soc. Austr. 30, 25-39 (1983).
12. Ahrland, S., Chatt, J. & Davies, N. R. The relative affinities of ligand atoms for acceptor molecules and ions. Q. Rev. Chem. Soc. 12, 265-276 (1958).
13. Seward, T. M. Thio-complexes of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 379-399 (1973).
14. Neall, F. B. & Phillips, G. N. Fluid-wall interaction in an Archean hydrothermal gold deposit: a thermodynamic model for the Hunt Mine, Kambalda. Econ. Geol. 82, 1679-1694 (1987).
15. Benning, L. G. & Seward, T. M. Hydrosulphide complexing of Au(I) in hydrothermal solutions from 150-400 degrees C and 500-1500 bar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 1849-1871 (1996).
16. Phillips, G. N. & Law, J. D. M. Witwatersrand gold fields: geology, genesis and exploration. SEG Rev. 13, 439-500 (2000).
17. Shvarov, Y. & Bastrakov, E. HCh: A Software Package for Geochemical Equilibrium Modelling. User's Guide Record/25 (Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Canberra, 1999).
18. Gibert, F., Moine, B., Schott, J. & Dandurand, J.-L. Modelling of the transport and deposition of tungsten in the scheelite-bearing calc-silicate gneisses of the Montagne Noire, France. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 112, 371-384 (1992).
19. Phillips, G. N. & Vearncombe, J. R. Exploration of the Yandal gold province, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. CSIRO Explores 1, 1-26 (2003).
20. 2O. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 13, 175-183 (1984).
21. Tanger, J. C. & Helgeson, H. C. Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport-properties of aqueous species at high-pressures and temperatures - revised equations of state for the standard partial molal properties of ions and electrolytes. Am. J. Sci. 288, 19-98 (1988).
22. Shock, E. L., Oelkers, E. H., Johnson, J. W., Sverjensky, D. A. & Helgeson, H. C. Calculation of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous species at high pressures and temperatures. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 88, 803-826 (1992).
23. Helgeson, H. C., Kirkham, D. H. & Flowers, G. C. Theoretical prediction of the thermodynamic behaviour of aqueous electrolytes at high pressures and temperatures: IV Calculation of activity coefficients, osmotic coefficients, and apparent molal and standard and relative partial molal properties to 600 degrees C and 5 kbar. Am. J. Sci. 281, 1259-1516 (1981).
24. Oelkers, E. H. & Helgeson, H. C. Triple-ion anions and polynuclear complexing in supercritical electrolyte-solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 727-738 (1990).
25. Robb, L. J. & Meyer, F. M. A contribution to recent debate concerning epigenetic versus syngenetic mineralization processes in the Witwatersrand basin. Econ. Geol. 86, 396-401 (1991).
26. Eastoe, C. J. A fluid inclusion study of Panguna porphyry copper deposit, Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. Econ. Geol. 73, 721-748 (1978).
27. Goellnicht, N. M., Groves, D. I., McNaughton, N. J. & Dimo, G. An epigenetic origin for the Telfer gold deposit. Econ. Geol. Monogr. 6, 151-167 (1989).