Party members in a three-party election: Major-party and reform activism in the 1996 American presidential election

Party Politics

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 445-469

  Stone, Walter J ^a   Rapoport, Ronald B ^b   Schneider, Monique B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Dept of Economics and Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy at the College of William and Mary   (United States)

Author keywords

Party activism; Reform party; Third parties' members; USA

Indexed keywords

EID: 3042565139     PISSN: 13540688     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1354068804043908     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Atkeson, L. R., J. A. McCann, R. B. Rapoport and W. J. Stone (1996) 'Citizens for Perot: Activists and Voters in the 1992 Presidential Campaign', in S. C. Craig (ed.) Contract? Changing Relationships between Citizens and the Government in the United States, pp. 147-64. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
2. Beck, P. A. (1997) Party Politics in America. New York: Longman.
3. Brown, C. W. Jr., L. W. Powell and C. Wilcox (1995) Serious Money. Fundraising and Contributing in Presidential Nomination Campaigns. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4. Burnham, Walter D. (1970) Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics. New York: Norton.
5. Carmines, Edward and James Stimson (1989) Issue Evolution, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6. Duverger, M. (1954) Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. London: Methuen.
7. Epstein, L. D. (1980) Political Parties in Western Democracies. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
8. Epstein, L. D. (1986) Political Parties in the American Mold. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
9. Kellstedt, L. A., C. E. Smidt and P. M. Kellstedt (1991) 'Religious Tradition, Denom-ination, and Commitment: White Protestants and the 1988 Election', in J. L. Guth and J. C. Green (eds) The Bible and the Ballot Box: Religion and Politics in the 1988 Election. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
10. Layman, G. (2001) The Great Divide: Religious and Cultural Conflict in American Party Politics. New York: Columbia University Press.
11. Mazmanian, Daniel (1974) Third Parties in Presidential Elections. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
12. McCann, J. A., R. W. Partin, R. B. Rapoport and W. J. Stone (1996) 'Presidential Nomination Campaign Participation and Party Mobilization: An Assessment of Spillover Effects', American Journal of Political Science 40: 756-67.
13. McCann, J. A., R. B. Rapoport and W. J. Stone (1999) 'Heeding the Call: An Assess-ment of Mobilization into Ross Perot's 1992 Presidential Campaign', American Journal of Political Science 43: 1-28.
14. Michels, Robert (1962) Political Parties. New York: Free Press.
15. Ostrogorski, Moisei I. (1902) Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties. London: Macmillan.
16. Pastor, G. S., W. J. Stone and R. B. Rapoport (1999) 'Candidate-Centered Sources of Party Change: the Case of Pat Robertson, 1968', Journal of Politics 61:423-44.
17. Rapoport, R. B. and W. J. Stone, (ms) 'Party Change in America: Ross Perot and the Emergence of the Reform Party' (manuscript).
18. Rapoport R. B. and W. J. Stone (1994) 'A Model for Disaggregating Political Change', Political Behavior 16(4): 505-32.
19. Rosenstone, S. J., R. L. Behr and E. H. Lazarus (1996) Third Parties in America: Citizen Response to Major Party Failure. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
20. Rosenstone, S. J. and J. M. Hansen (1993) Mobilization, Participation and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
21. Seyd, P. and P. Whiteley (1992) Labour's Grass Roots: The Politics of Party Member-ship. New York: Oxford University Press.
22. Stone, W. J., L. R. Atkeson and R. B. Rapoport (1992) 'Turning On or Turning Off? Mobilization and Demobilization Effects of Participation in Presidential Nomi-nation Campaigns', American Journal of Political Science 36: 665-91.
23. Stone, W. J. and R. B. Rapoport (2001) 'It's Perot Stupid! The Legacy of the 1992 Perot Movement in the Major-Party System, 1992-2000'. PS: Political Science and Politics 34: 49-58.
24. Stone, W. J., R. B. Rapoport, P. A. Jaramillo and L. M Weber (1999) 'The Activist Base of the Reform Party in 1996: Problems and Prospects', in J. C. Green and D. M. Shea (eds) The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties, pp. 190-211. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
25. Sundquist, James (1983) Reallignment in America. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
26. Verba, S., K. L. Schlozman and H. E. Brady (1995) Voice and Equality: Civic Volun-tarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
27. Ware, Alan (1979) The Logic of Party Democracy. London: Macmillan.
28. Wattenberg, M. P. (1991) The Rise of Candidate-Centered Politics: Presidential Elections of the 1980s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29. Whiteley, P. F. and P. Seyd (1996) 'Rationality and Party Activism: Encompassing Test of Alternative Models of Political Participation', European Journal of Political Research 29: 215-34.
30. Whiteley, P. F. and P. Seyd (2002) High-Intensity Participation: The Dynamics of Party Activism in Britain. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
31. Whiteley, P., P. Seyd and J. Richardson (1994) True Blues: The Politics of Conserva-tive Party Membership. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. Whiteley, P. F., P. Seyd, J. Richardson and P. Bissell (1994) 'Explaining Party Activism: The Case of the British Conservative Party', British Journal of Political Science 24(1): 79-94.
33. Widfeldt, A. (1996) 'Party Membership and Party Representativeness', in H.-D. Klingemann and D. Fuchs (eds) Citizens and the State, pp. 134-82. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Wilcox, C. (1990) 'Religion and Politics Among White Evangelicals: The Impact of Religious Variables on Political Attitudes', Review of Religious Research 32: 27-42.