Carex, subgenus Carex (Cyperaceae) - A phylogenetic approach using ITS sequences

Plant Systematics and Evolution

Volumn 246, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 89-107

  Hendrichs, M ^a   Oberwinkler, F ^a   Begerow, D ^a   Bauer, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bayesian analysis; Carex; ITS; Molecular phylogeny; Systematics

Indexed keywords

CAREX; CAREX RARIFLORA; CERATOCYSTIS; CYPERACEAE; PANICEAE;

EID: 3042519652     PISSN: 03782697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00606-004-0128-0     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Ascherson P., Graebner P. (1902-1904) Synopsis der mitteleuropä ischen Flora. Leipzig, W. Engelmann.
2. Bailey L. H. (1889) Carex. In: Gray A. (ed.) The manual of the botany of the Northern United States. American Book Co., New York, pp. 587-622.
3. Ball P. W. (1990) Some aspects of the phytogeography of Carex. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 1462-1472.
4. Ball P. W. (2002a) Section Bicolores. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.) Flora of North America. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 424-426.
5. Ball P. W. (2002b) Section Chlorostachyae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.) Flora of North America. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 475-477.
6. Ball P. W. (2002c) Section Pictae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.) Flora of North America. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 548-549.
7. Boott F. (1867) Illustrations of the genus Carex. Part 4. L. Reeve and Co., London.
8. Bruederle L. P., Jensen U. (1991) Genetic differentiation of Carex flava and Carex viridula in West Europe (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 41-49.
9. Bryson C. T. (1980) A revision of the North American Carex sect. Laxiflorae (Cyperaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. Mississippi State University.
10. Carey J. (1848) The Carices of the Northern United States. In: Gray A. (ed.) A manual of the botany of the Northern United States. J. Munroe, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 535-567.
11. Cayouette J., Catling P. M. (1992) Hybridization in the genus Carex with special reference to North America. Bot. Rev. 58: 351-440.
12. Cayouette J., Morisset P. (1985) Chromosome studies on natural hybrids between maritime species of Carex (sections Phacocystis and Cryptocarpae) in northeastern North America, and their taxonomic implications. Canad. J. Bot. 63: 1957-1982.
13. Cayouette J., Morisset P. (1986) Chromosome studies on the Carex salina complex (Cyperaceae, section Cryptocarpae) in northeastern North America. Cytologia 51: 317-856.
14. Chater A. O. (1980) Carex L. In: Tutin T. G., Heywood V. H., Burges N. A., Valentine D. H., Walter S. M., Webb D. A. (eds.) Flora Europaea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 290-323.
15. Christ H. (1885) Nouveau catalogue des Carex d'Europe. Mém. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 24: 10-20.
16. Crins W. J. (1990) Phylogenetic considerations below the sectional level in Carex. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 1433-1440.
17. Crins W. J., Ball P. W. (1988) Sectional limits and phylogenetic considerations in Carex section Ceratocystis (Cyperaceae). Brittonia 40: 38-47.
18. Crins W. J., Ball P. W. (1989) Taxonomy of the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in North America and nothern Eurasia. I. Numerical taxonomy and character analysis. Canad. J. Bot. 67: 1032-1047.
19. Davies E. W. (1956) Cytology, evolution and origin of the aneuploid series in the genus Carex. Hereditas 42: 349-365.
20. Dietrich W. (1964) Carex flavella Krecz. und der Bastard mit C. demissa Hornem. Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 37: 101-103.
21. Dietrich W. (1967) Die Zytotaxonomie der Carex-Sektion Frigidae in Europa. Feddes Repert 75: 1-42.
22. Dietrich W. (1972) IOPB chromosome number reports. XXXVI. Taxon 21: 333-335.
23. Drejer S. (1844) Symbolae Caricologicae ad synonymiam Caricum extricandam stabiliendamque et affinitates naturales eruendas. Halfniae, Bianco Luno.
24. Dunlop D. A. (1997) Taxonomic changes in Carex (section Scripinae, Cyperaceae). Novon 7: 355-356.
25. Dunlop D. A., Crow G. E. (1999) The taxonomy of Carex section Scirpinae (Cyperaceae). Rhodora 101: 163-199.
26. Dutilly A., Lepage E., Duman M. (1958) Contribution à la flore du versant occidental de la Baie James, Ontario. Contr. Arct. Inst. Cath. Univ. Am. Washington, D. C. No. 5 F.
27. Egorova T. V. (1971) Notes on the nomenclature of the genus Carex L. Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 8: 88-89.
28. Egorova T. V. (1999) The sedges (Carex L.) of Russia and adjacent states (within the limits of the former USSR). St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Komarov Botanical Institute.
29. Faulkner J. S. (1972) Chromosome studies on Carex section Acutae in north-west Europe. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 271-301.
30. Faulkner J. S. (1973) Experimental hybridization of north-west European species in Carex section Acutae (Cyperaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 233-253.
31. Favarger C. (1965) Notes de la caryologie alpine. IV. Bull. Soc. Neuchât. Sc. Nat. 88: 5-60.
32. Fernald M. L. (1950) Gray's manual of botany. American Book Co., New York.
33. Ford B. A., Ball P. W., Ritland K. (1991) Allozyme diversity and genetic relationships among North American members of the short-beaked taxa of Carex sect. Vesicariae (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 116-131.
34. Ford B. A., Ball P. W., Ritland K. (1993) Genetic and macromorphologic evidence bearing on the evolution of members of Carex section Vesicariae (Cyperaceae) and their natural hybrids. Canad. J. Bot. 71: 486-500.
35. Fries E. M. (1835) Corpus florarum provincialium Sueciae. I. Uppsala, Palmblad, Sebel & Co.
36. Halkka L., Toivonen H., Saario S., Pykala J. (1992) Chromosome counts in the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in Finland. Nordic J. Bot. 12: 651-655.
37. Harborne J. B. (1971) Distribution and taxonomic significance of flavonoids in the leaves of the Cyperaceae. Phytochemistry 10: 1569-1574.
38. Hedrén M., Prentice H. C. (1996) Allozyme variation and racial differentiation in Swedish Carex lepidocarpa s.l. (Cyperaceae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 59: 179-200.
39. Heilborn O. (1922) Die Chromosomenzahlen der Gattung Carex. Sven. Bot. Tidskr. 16: 271-274.
40. Heilborn O. (1924) Chromosome numbers and dimensions, species-formation and phylogeny in the genus Carex. Hereditas 5: 129-216.
41. Heilborn O. (1928) Chromosome studies in Cyperaceae. I-II. Hereditas 11: 182-192.
42. Heilborn O. (1939) Chromosome studies in Cyperaceae III-IV. Hereditas 25: 224-240.
43. Hjelmqvist H., Nyholm E. (1947) Några anatomiska artkaraktärer inom Carex-gruppen Distigmaticae. Bot. Not. 1947: 1-31.
44. Holm T. (1903) Studies in the Cyperaceae XX. "Greges Caricum". Amer. J. Sci. 16: 445-464.
45. Hsiao C., Chatterton N. J., Asay K. H., Jensen K. B. (1995) Molecular phylogeny of the Pooideae (Poaceae) based on nuclear rDNA (ITS) sequences. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90: 389-398.
46. Huelsenbeck J. P., Ronquist F. (2001) MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754-755.
47. Hylander N. (1966) Nordisk kärlväxtflora. Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell.
48. Jeanmougin F., Thompson J. D., Gouy M., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J. (1998) Multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X. TIBS 23: 403-405.
49. Jörgensen C. A., Sörensen T., Westergaard M. (1958) The flowering plants of Greenland. A taxonomical and cytological survey. Biol. Skr. K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. 9: 1-172.
50. Kjellqvist E., Löve A. (1963) Chromosome numbers of some Carex species from Spain. Bot. Not. 116: 241-248.
51. Koyama T. (1962) Classification of the family Cyperaceae (2). Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. 3, Bot. 8: 149-278.
52. Kreczetovicz V. I. (1935) Carex L. In: Shishkin B. K., Komarov V. L. (eds.) Flora of the SSSR. Translated from Russian, Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem 1964, Leningrad, pp. 111-464/86-369.
53. Kükenthal G. (1909) Cyperaceae-Caricoideae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1-824.
54. Lepage E. (1956) Études sur quelques plants Américaines IV. Carex hybrides. Nat. Can. (Que.) 108/83: 105-156.
55. Löve A., Löve D. (1981) Chromosome number reports. LXXIII. Taxon 30: 845-849.
56. Löve A., Löve D. (1982) IOPB Chromosome number reports. LXXVII. Taxon 31: 766.
57. Löve A., Löve D., Raymond M. (1957) Cytotaxonomy of Carex section Capillares. Canad. J. Bot. 35: 715-761.
58. Löve A., Solbrig O. T. (1964) IOPB chromosome number reports II. Taxon 13: 202.
59. Luceño M. (1993) Chromosome studies on Carex L. section Mitratae Kükenth. (Cyperaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Cytologia 58: 321-330.
60. Mackenzie K. K. (1931-1935) Cyperaceae-Cariceae. New York, The New York Botanical Garden.
61. Manhart J. R. (1986) Foliar flavonoids of the North American members of Carex section Laxiflorae (Cyperaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 14: 85-90.
62. Martens J. L. (1939) Some observations on sexual dimorphism in Carex picta. Amer. J. Bot. 26: 78-88.
63. Mastrogiuseppe J. (2002) Section Longicaules. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.) Flora of North America. Oxford University Press, New York, p. 485.
64. McClintock K. A., Waterway M. J. (1994) Genetic differentiation between Carex lasiocarpa and C. pellita (Cyperaceae) in North America. Amer. J. Bot. 81: 224-231.
65. Moore R. J., Calder J. A. (1964) Some chromosome numbers of Carex species of Canada and Alaska. Canad. J. Bot. 42: 1387-1391.
66. Muasya A. M., Simpson D. A., Chase M. W., Culham A. (1998) An assessment of suprageneric phylogeny in Cyperaceae using rbcL DNA sequences. Plant Syst. Evol. 211: 257-271.
67. Murín A., Májovsky J. (1976) IOPB chromosome number reports. LIII. Taxon 25: 487.
68. Naczi R. F. C. (1997) Phylogeny reconstruction in Carex sections Careyanae and Granulares (Cyperaceae). [abstract] Amer. J. Bot. 84 (6, Suppl.): 218-219.
69. Naczi R. F. C. (1999) Chromosome numbers of some eastern North American species of Carex and Eleocharis (Cyperaceae). Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 22: 105-119.
70. Nishikawa K., Furuta Y., Ishitobi K. (1984) Chromosomal evolution in genus Carex as viewed from nuclear DNA content, with special reference to its aneuploidy. Jap. J. Genet. 59: 465-472.
71. Ohwi J. (1936) Cyperaceae Japonicae I. A synopsis of the Caricoideae of Japan, including the Kuriles Saghalin, Korea, and Formosa. Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto University, Series B 11: 229-530.
72. Posada D., Crandall K. A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817-818.
73. Pykälä J., Toivonen H. (1994) Taxonomy of the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in Finland. Nordic J. Bot. 14: 173-191.
74. Rambaut A. (2001) Se-Al v2.0a72, Sequence Alignment Editor. Oxford UK, University of Oxford.
75. Raymond M. (1959) Carices Indochinenses necnon Siamenses. Mém. Jard. Bot. Montreal 53: 1-125.
76. Reese G. (1953) Ergänzende Mitteilungen über die Chromosomenzahlen mitteleuropäischer Gefäßpflanzen. II. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 66: 66-73.
77. Reznicek A. A. (1990) Evolution in sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 68: 1409-1432.
78. Reznicek A. A., Ford B. A. (2002) Section Vesicariae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.) Flora of North America. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 501-511.
79. Roalson E. H., Columbus J. T., Friar E. A. (2001) Phylogenetic relationships in Cariceae (Cyperaceae) based on ITS (nrDNA) and trnT-L-F (cpDNA) region sequences: Assessment of subgeneric and sectional relationships in Carex with emphasis on section Acrocystis. Syst. Bot. 26: 318-341.
80. Saitou N., Nei M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4: 406-425.
81. Schmid B. (1981) Die Verbreitung der Artengruppe Carex flava L. s.l. in der Schweiz. Bot. Helv. 91: 3-8.
82. Schmid B. (1982) Karyology and hybridization in the Carex flava complex in Switzerland. Feddes Report 93: 23-59.
83. Schmid B. (1983) Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomy of the Carex flava group in Europe. Watsonia 14: 309-319.
84. Schmid B. (1986) Patterns of variation and population structure in the Carex flava group. Symb. Bot. Ups. 27: 113-126.
85. Shepherd G. J. (1976) The use of anatomical characters in the intrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae). Hoehnea 6: 33-54.
86. Standley L. A. (1985) Systematics of the Acutae group of Carex (Cyperaceae) in the Pacific Northwest. Syst. Bot. Monogr. No. 7: 1-106.
87. Standley L. A. (1987) Anatomical and chromosomal studies of Carex section Phacocystis in eastern North America. Bot. Gaz. 148: 507-518.
88. Standley L. A. (1989) Taxonomic revision of the Carex stricta (Cyperaceae) complex in eastern North America. Canad. J. Bot. 67: 1-14.
89. Standley L. A. (1990) Anatomical aspects of the taxonomy of sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 68: 1449-1456.
90. Starr J. R., Bayer R. J., Ford B. A. (1999) The phylogenetic position of Carex section Phyllostachys and its implications for phylogeny and subgeneric circumscription in Carex (Cyperaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 86: 563-577.
91. Swofford D. L., Olsen G. J., Waddell P. J., Hillis D. M. (1996) Phylogenetic Inference. In: Hillis D. M., Moritz C., Mable B. K. (eds.) Molecular systematics. Sinauer, Sunderland, pp. 407-514.
92. Swofford D. L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods). Version 4.0b10. Sunderland, Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates.
93. Sylvén N. (1963) Det Skandinaviska flora-områdets Carices distigmaticae. Opera Bot. Soc. Bot. Lund. 8: 1-161.
94. Tanaka N. (1942a) Chromosome studies in Cyperaceae. XXI-XXIII. Chromosome numbers of Eucarex species (1-3). Med. & Biol., Tokyo 2: 289-300.
95. Tanaka N. (1942b) Chromosome studies in Cyperaceae. XXIV-XXVI. Chromosome numbers of Eucarex species (4-6). Med. & Biol., Tokyo 2: 419-428.
96. Tanaka N. (1949) Chromosome studies in the genus Carex, with special reference to aneuploidy and polyploidy. Cytologia 15: 15-29.
97. Tuckerman E. (1843) Enumeratio methodica caricum quarundam. Species recensuit et secundum habitum pro viribus disponere tentavit. Schenectady, NY State, USA, Isaac Riggs.
98. Wahl H. A. (1940) Chromosome numbers and meiosis in the genus Carex. Amer. J. Bot. 27: 458-470.
99. Waterway M. J., Olmstead R. G. (1998) Phylogenetic relationships in Carex section Hymenochlaenae inferred from non-coding nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data (abstract). Amer. J. Bot. 85: 165.
100. Waterway M. J (2002) Section Hymenochlaenae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.) Flora of North America. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 461-475.
101. White T. J., Bruns T. D., Lee S., Taylor J. W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis M. A., Gelfand D. H., Sninsky J. J., White T. J. (eds.) PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, California, pp. 315-322.
102. Whitkus R. (1981) Chromosome numbers of some northern New Jersey Carices. Rhodora 83: 461-464.
103. Yen A. C., Olmstead R. G. (2000) Molecular systematics of Cyperaceae tribe Cariceae based on two chloroplast DNA regions: ndhF and trnL intron-intergenic spacer. Syst. Bot. 25: 479-494.