The mode of formation of thecotrichite, a widespread calcium acetate chloride nitrate efflorescence

Studies in Conservation

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 284-294

  Gibson, Lorraine T ^a   Cooksey, Brian G ^a   Littlejohn, David ^a   Linnow, Kirsten ^b   Steiger, Michael ^b   Tennent, Norman H ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EFFLORESCENCE; IMPREGNATION; LIMESTONE; MOISTURE; NITRATES; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

CALCAREOUS ARTEFACTS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NITRATE SALTS; POROUS LIMESTONE; POTTERY; SOLUBLE CHLORIDE; THECOTRICHITE;

CALCIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 30344467183     PISSN: 00393630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/sic.2005.50.4.284     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Winkler, E.M., Stone: Properties, Durability in Man's Environment, 2nd edn, Springer-Verlag, Vienna (1975).
2. Zehnder, K., and Arriold, A., 'Monitoring wall paintings affected by soluble salts', in The Conservation of Wall Paintings, ed. S. Cather, The Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey (1991) 103-108.
3. Sunagawa, I., Crystals - Growth, Morphology and Perfection, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2005).
4. Kenyon, A., 'Notes on the effects of the atmosphere on the shells of mollusca', Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania for 1896 (1897) 88.
5. Byne, L.S.G., 'The corrosion of shells in cabinets', Journal of Conchology 9(6) (1899) 172-178.
6. Nicholls, J.R., 'Deterioration of shells when stored in oak cabinets', Chemistry and Industry 53 (1934) 1077-1078.
7. Agnew, N., 'The corrosion of egg shells by acetic acid vapour', ICCM Bulletin VII(4) (1981) 3-9.
8. Tennent, N.H., and Baird, T., 'The deterioration of mollusca collections: identification of shell efflorescence', Studies in Conservation 30 (1985) 73-85.
9. Grzywacz, C., and Tennent, N.H., 'Pollution monitoring in storage and display cabinets: carbonyl pollutant levels in relation to artifact deterioration', in Preventive Conservation: Practice, Theory and Research, ed. A. Roy and P. Smith, International Institute for Conservation, London (1994) 164-170.
10. FitzHugh, E.W., and Gettens, R.J., 'Calclacite and other efflorescent salts on objects stored in wooden museum cases', in Science and Archaeology, ed. R. Brill, MIT Press, Cambridge MA (1971) 91-102.
11. 2O', Acta Crystallographica 11 (1958) 745-746.
12. Paterakis, A.B., 'A preliminary study of salt efflorescence in the collection of the ancient Agora, Athens, Greece', in ICOM Committee for Conservation 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden 26-31 August 1990: Preprints, ICOM Committee for Conservation, Los Angeles (1990) 675-679.
13. Gibson, L.T., Cooksey, B.G., Littlejohn, D., and Tennent, N.H., 'Characterisation of an unusual crystalline efflorescence on an Egyptian limestone relief, Analytical Chimica Acta 337 (1997) 151-164.
14. Gibson, L.T., Cooksey, B.G., Littlejohn, D., and Tennent, N.H., 'Investigation of the composition of a unique efflorescence on calcareous museum artifacts', Analytical Chimica Acta 337 (1997) 253-264.
15. Francis, J., personal communication.
16. Gibson, L.T., Cooksey, B.G., Littlejohn, D., and Tennent, N.H., 'A diffusion tube sampler for the determination of acetic acid and formic acid vapours in ambient air', Analytical Chimica Acta 341 (1997) 11-19.
17. Mullin, J.W., Crystallisation, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (1993).
18. 2O system', in An Expert Chemical Model for Determining the Environmental Conditions Needed to Prevent Salt Damage in Porous Materials, ed. C. Price, Archetype Publications Ltd., London (2000) 45-51.
19. Halsberghe, L., 'Ceramics threatened by acid-induced salts', in Conservation Science 2002, ed. J.H. Townsend, K. Eremin and A. Adriaens, Archetype Publications Ltd., London (2003) 18-24.
20. Tennent, N.H., Cooksey, B.G., Littlejohn, D., and Ottaway, B.J., 'Some applications of ion chromatography in the study of the deterioration of museum artifacts', in Proceedings, Materials Research Society Symposium, ed. P.B. Vandiver, J.R. Druzik, G.S. Wheeler and I.C. Freestone, Materials Research Society, Pennsylvania 267 (1992) 869-883.
21. Padfield, T., and Erhardt, D., 'The spontaneous transfer to glass of an image of joan of Arc', in ICOM Committee for Conservation 8th Triennial Meeting, Sydney, 6-11 September 1987: Preprints, The Getty Conservation Institute (1987) 909-913.
22. Wheeler, G.S., and Wypyski, M.T., 'An unusual efflorescence on Greek ceramics', Studies in Conservation 38 (1993) 55-62.
23. Zhender, K., and Arnold, A., 'Stone damage due to formate salts', Studies in Conservation 29 (1984) 32-34.
24. Arnold, A., and Zehnder, K., 'Crystallisation and habits of salt efflorescences on walls, Part II: Conditions of crystallisation', in Fifth International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, ed. G. Felix, Presses Polytechniques Romandes, Lausanne (1985) 269-277.
25. Oddy, W.A., 'An unsuspected danger in display', Museums Journal 73 (1973) 27-28.
26. Padfield, T., Erhardt, D., and Hopwood, W., 'Trouble in store', in Science and Technology in the Service of Conservation, ed. N.S. Brommelle and G. Thomson, International Institute for Conservation, London (1982) 24-27.
27. Hatchfield, P.B., Pollutants in the Museum Environment: Practical Strategies for Problem Solving in Design, Exhibition and Storage, Archetype Publications Ltd., London (2002).
28. Tétreault, J., 'Display materials: The good, the bad, and the ugly', in Exhibitions and Conservation, ed. J. Sage, Scottish Society for Conservation, Edinburgh (1994) 79-87.
29. Brokerhof, A.W., and van Bommel, M., 'Deterioration of calcareous materials by acetic acid vapour: a model study', in ICOM Committee for Conservation 11th Triennial Meeting, Edinburgh, 1-6 September 1996: Preprints. James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd, London (1996) 769-776.
30. Tétreault, J., Sirois, J., and Stamatopoulou, E., 'Studies of lead corrosion in acetic acid environments', Studies in Conservation 43 (1998) 17-32.
31. Halsberghe, L., Gibson, L.T., and Erhardt, D., 'A collection of ceramics damaged by acetate salts: conservation and investigation into the causes', in ICOM Committee for Conservation 14th Triennial Meeting, The Hague, 12-16 September 2005: Preprints, James & James/Earthscan, London (2005) 131-138.