The structures of toy consumption: Bourgeois domesticity and demand for toys in nineteenth-century Germany

Journal of Social History

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2003, Pages

  Hamlin, David ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 30244508807     PISSN: 00224529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jsh.2003.0097     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1913/1967); Wolfgang Haug, Critique of Commodity Aesthetics: Appearance, Sexuality and Advertising in Capitalist Society (Minneapolis, 1986); Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds: Moss Consumption in Late-Nineteenth Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Colin Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism (New York, 1987).
2. Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1913/1967); Wolfgang Haug, Critique of Commodity Aesthetics: Appearance, Sexuality and Advertising in Capitalist Society (Minneapolis, 1986); Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds: Moss Consumption in Late-Nineteenth Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Colin Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism (New York, 1987).
3. Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1913/1967); Wolfgang Haug, Critique of Commodity Aesthetics: Appearance, Sexuality and Advertising in Capitalist Society (Minneapolis, 1986); Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds: Moss Consumption in Late-Nineteenth Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Colin Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism (New York, 1987).
4. Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1913/1967); Wolfgang Haug, Critique of Commodity Aesthetics: Appearance, Sexuality and Advertising in Capitalist Society (Minneapolis, 1986); Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds: Moss Consumption in Late-Nineteenth Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Colin Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism (New York, 1987).
5. Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1967); Jean Baudrillard, The System of Objects (New York, 1996); Jean Baudrillard, For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign (St. Louis, 1981); Pierre Bourdieau, Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (Cambridge, 1984).
6. Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1967); Jean Baudrillard, The System of Objects (New York, 1996); Jean Baudrillard, For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign (St. Louis, 1981); Pierre Bourdieau, Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (Cambridge, 1984).
7. Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1967); Jean Baudrillard, The System of Objects (New York, 1996); Jean Baudrillard, For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign (St. Louis, 1981); Pierre Bourdieau, Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (Cambridge, 1984).
8. Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1967); Jean Baudrillard, The System of Objects (New York, 1996); Jean Baudrillard, For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign (St. Louis, 1981); Pierre Bourdieau, Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (Cambridge, 1984).
9. Peter N. Stearns, "Stages of Consumerism: Recent Work on the Issues of Periodization," Journal of Modern History, March 1997, p. 105.
10. Daniel Miller, A Theory of Shopping (Ithaca, 1998).
11. Neil McKendrick, John Brewer and J. H. Plumb, The Birth of a Consumer Society. The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England (Bloomington, 1982).
12. Thomas Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte, 1866-3918, Band I. (Munich, 1992), p. 43.
13. For the development of the German bürgerliche family ideology, see Gunilla-Frederike Budde, Auf dem Weg ins Bürgerleben. Kindheit und Erziehung in deutschen und englischen Bürgerfamilien, 1840-1914 (G̈ttingen, 1994); Heidi Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie (Frankfurt am Main, 1982); Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie. Versuch einer Sozialgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main, 1974); Marion Kaplan, The Making of the Jewish Middle Class (New York, 1991); Karin Hausen, "Family and Role Division; The Polarisation of Sexual Stereotypes in the Nineteenth Century - An Aspect of the Dissociation of Work and Family Life," The German Family. Essays on the Social History of the Family in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Germami, ed. Richard Evans, W.R. Lee (New Jersey, 1981); Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte, 1800-1866, pp. 114-130.
14. For the development of the German bürgerliche family ideology, see Gunilla-Frederike Budde, Auf dem Weg ins Bürgerleben. Kindheit und Erziehung in deutschen und englischen Bürgerfamilien, 1840-1914 (G̈ttingen, 1994); Heidi Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie (Frankfurt am Main, 1982); Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie. Versuch einer Sozialgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main, 1974); Marion Kaplan, The Making of the Jewish Middle Class (New York, 1991); Karin Hausen, "Family and Role Division; The Polarisation of Sexual Stereotypes in the Nineteenth Century - An Aspect of the Dissociation of Work and Family Life," The German Family. Essays on the Social History of the Family in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Germami, ed. Richard Evans, W.R. Lee (New Jersey, 1981); Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte, 1800-1866, pp. 114-130.
15. For the development of the German bürgerliche family ideology, see Gunilla-Frederike Budde, Auf dem Weg ins Bürgerleben. Kindheit und Erziehung in deutschen und englischen Bürgerfamilien, 1840-1914 (G̈ttingen, 1994); Heidi Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie (Frankfurt am Main, 1982); Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie. Versuch einer Sozialgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main, 1974); Marion Kaplan, The Making of the Jewish Middle Class (New York, 1991); Karin Hausen, "Family and Role Division; The Polarisation of Sexual Stereotypes in the Nineteenth Century - An Aspect of the Dissociation of Work and Family Life," The German Family. Essays on the Social History of the Family in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Germami, ed. Richard Evans, W.R. Lee (New Jersey, 1981); Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte, 1800-1866, pp. 114-130.
16. For the development of the German bürgerliche family ideology, see Gunilla-Frederike Budde, Auf dem Weg ins Bürgerleben. Kindheit und Erziehung in deutschen und englischen Bürgerfamilien, 1840-1914 (G̈ttingen, 1994); Heidi Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie (Frankfurt am Main, 1982); Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie. Versuch einer Sozialgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main, 1974); Marion Kaplan, The Making of the Jewish Middle Class (New York, 1991); Karin Hausen, "Family and Role Division; The Polarisation of Sexual Stereotypes in the Nineteenth Century - An Aspect of the Dissociation of Work and Family Life," The German Family. Essays on the Social History of the Family in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Germami, ed. Richard Evans, W.R. Lee (New Jersey, 1981); Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte, 1800-1866, pp. 114-130.
17. For the development of the German bürgerliche family ideology, see Gunilla-Frederike Budde, Auf dem Weg ins Bürgerleben. Kindheit und Erziehung in deutschen und englischen Bürgerfamilien, 1840-1914 (G̈ttingen, 1994); Heidi Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie (Frankfurt am Main, 1982); Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie. Versuch einer Sozialgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main, 1974); Marion Kaplan, The Making of the Jewish Middle Class (New York, 1991); Karin Hausen, "Family and Role Division; The Polarisation of Sexual Stereotypes in the Nineteenth Century - An Aspect of the Dissociation of Work and Family Life," The German Family. Essays on the Social History of the Family in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Germami, ed. Richard Evans, W.R. Lee (New Jersey, 1981); Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte, 1800-1866, pp. 114-130.
18. For the development of the German bürgerliche family ideology, see Gunilla-Frederike Budde, Auf dem Weg ins Bürgerleben. Kindheit und Erziehung in deutschen und englischen Bürgerfamilien, 1840-1914 (G̈ttingen, 1994); Heidi Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie (Frankfurt am Main, 1982); Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie. Versuch einer Sozialgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main, 1974); Marion Kaplan, The Making of the Jewish Middle Class (New York, 1991); Karin Hausen, "Family and Role Division; The Polarisation of Sexual Stereotypes in the Nineteenth Century - An Aspect of the Dissociation of Work and Family Life," The German Family. Essays on the Social History of the Family in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Germami, ed. Richard Evans, W.R. Lee (New Jersey, 1981); Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte, 1800-1866, pp. 114-130.
19. Margarette Flecken, Arbeiterkinder im 19. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialgeschichtliche Untersuchung ihrer Lebenswelt (Weinheim/Basel, 1981), p. 157; and Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die Kinderstube (Frankfurt am Main, 1991), pp. 15-36. For the family as generative source of Bürger, see Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 12; and Kaplan, Making of the Jewish Middle Class, pp. 4-5, 120. A fascinating account of how the American middle class began to see the streets as a moral danger and to enforce a physical separation between their own children and those from lower social classes can be found in Stephen Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas (New York, 1997) pp. 90-131.
20. Margarette Flecken, Arbeiterkinder im 19. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialgeschichtliche Untersuchung ihrer Lebenswelt (Weinheim/Basel, 1981), p. 157; and Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die Kinderstube (Frankfurt am Main, 1991), pp. 15-36. For the family as generative source of Bürger, see Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 12; and Kaplan, Making of the Jewish Middle Class, pp. 4-5, 120. A fascinating account of how the American middle class began to see the streets as a moral danger and to enforce a physical separation between their own children and those from lower social classes can be found in Stephen Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas (New York, 1997) pp. 90-131.
21. Margarette Flecken, Arbeiterkinder im 19. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialgeschichtliche Untersuchung ihrer Lebenswelt (Weinheim/Basel, 1981), p. 157; and Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die Kinderstube (Frankfurt am Main, 1991), pp. 15-36. For the family as generative source of Bürger, see Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 12; and Kaplan, Making of the Jewish Middle Class, pp. 4-5, 120. A fascinating account of how the American middle class began to see the streets as a moral danger and to enforce a physical separation between their own children and those from lower social classes can be found in Stephen Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas (New York, 1997) pp. 90-131.
22. Margarette Flecken, Arbeiterkinder im 19. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialgeschichtliche Untersuchung ihrer Lebenswelt (Weinheim/Basel, 1981), p. 157; and Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die Kinderstube (Frankfurt am Main, 1991), pp. 15-36. For the family as generative source of Bürger, see Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 12; and Kaplan, Making of the Jewish Middle Class, pp. 4-5, 120. A fascinating account of how the American middle class began to see the streets as a moral danger and to enforce a physical separation between their own children and those from lower social classes can be found in Stephen Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas (New York, 1997) pp. 90-131.
23. Margarette Flecken, Arbeiterkinder im 19. Jahrhundert. Eine sozialgeschichtliche Untersuchung ihrer Lebenswelt (Weinheim/Basel, 1981), p. 157; and Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann, Die Kinderstube (Frankfurt am Main, 1991), pp. 15-36. For the family as generative source of Bürger, see Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 12; and Kaplan, Making of the Jewish Middle Class, pp. 4-5, 120. A fascinating account of how the American middle class began to see the streets as a moral danger and to enforce a physical separation between their own children and those from lower social classes can be found in Stephen Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas (New York, 1997) pp. 90-131.
24. Brian Sutton-Smith, Toys as Culture (New York/London, 1986), pp. 27-28.
25. Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 78.
26. Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte, 1866-1918, Band I, pp. 55-56.
27. Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man (New York/London, 1976).
28. Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process (Oxford, 1994).
29. Budde, Auf dem Weg, pp. 19, 146-148.
30. On taste as a 'classifying classifier' and product of considerable cultural labor, see Pierre Bourdieau, Distinction. A Social Critique ofthe Judgement of Taste (Cambridge, 1984).
31. Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie, p. 359; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
32. Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie, p. 359; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
33. Rosenbaum, Formen der Familie, p. 359.
34. For alternative approaches to the gap between domestic ideals and domestic realities, see Roddy Reid, Families in Jeopardy; Sharon Marcus, Apartment Stories. City and Home in Nineteenth-Century Paris and London (Berkeley, 1999).
35. For alternative approaches to the gap between domestic ideals and domestic realities, see Roddy Reid, Families in Jeopardy; Sharon Marcus, Apartment Stories. City and Home in Nineteenth-Century Paris and London (Berkeley, 1999).
36. George Mosse, Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe (New York, 1985); Peter Gay, Education of the Senses (New York, 1984).
37. George Mosse, Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe (New York, 1985); Peter Gay, Education of the Senses (New York, 1984).
38. Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 12.
39. On the transformation of Christmas in the United States, see Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas. In the United States and Great Britain, see J. M. Golby and A. W. Purdue, The Making of Modern Christmas (Athens, GA 1986); and the essays by Daniel Miller and James Carrier in Unwapping Christmas, ed. Daniel Miller (Oxford, 1993). For changing Christmas traditions in nineteenth century Germany, see Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, 112-113; Angela Meinel, Kinderleben und Kinderkultur in Sachsen, Versuch eines Uberblicks (Dresden, 1998) p. 87; Barbara Beuys, Familienleben in Deutschland. Neuer Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit (Reinbeck bei Hamburg, 1980), pp. 443-444; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
40. On the transformation of Christmas in the United States, see Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas. In the United States and Great Britain, see J. M. Golby and A. W. Purdue, The Making of Modern Christmas (Athens, GA 1986); and the essays by Daniel Miller and James Carrier in Unwapping Christmas, ed. Daniel Miller (Oxford, 1993). For changing Christmas traditions in nineteenth century Germany, see Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, 112-113; Angela Meinel, Kinderleben und Kinderkultur in Sachsen, Versuch eines Uberblicks (Dresden, 1998) p. 87; Barbara Beuys, Familienleben in Deutschland. Neuer Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit (Reinbeck bei Hamburg, 1980), pp. 443-444; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
41. On the transformation of Christmas in the United States, see Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas. In the United States and Great Britain, see J. M. Golby and A. W. Purdue, The Making of Modern Christmas (Athens, GA 1986); and the essays by Daniel Miller and James Carrier in Unwapping Christmas, ed. Daniel Miller (Oxford, 1993). For changing Christmas traditions in nineteenth century Germany, see Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, 112-113; Angela Meinel, Kinderleben und Kinderkultur in Sachsen, Versuch eines Uberblicks (Dresden, 1998) p. 87; Barbara Beuys, Familienleben in Deutschland. Neuer Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit (Reinbeck bei Hamburg, 1980), pp. 443-444; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
42. On the transformation of Christmas in the United States, see Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas. In the United States and Great Britain, see J. M. Golby and A. W. Purdue, The Making of Modern Christmas (Athens, GA 1986); and the essays by Daniel Miller and James Carrier in Unwapping Christmas, ed. Daniel Miller (Oxford, 1993). For changing Christmas traditions in nineteenth century Germany, see Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, 112-113; Angela Meinel, Kinderleben und Kinderkultur in Sachsen, Versuch eines Uberblicks (Dresden, 1998) p. 87; Barbara Beuys, Familienleben in Deutschland. Neuer Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit (Reinbeck bei Hamburg, 1980), pp. 443-444; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
43. On the transformation of Christmas in the United States, see Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas. In the United States and Great Britain, see J. M. Golby and A. W. Purdue, The Making of Modern Christmas (Athens, GA 1986); and the essays by Daniel Miller and James Carrier in Unwapping Christmas, ed. Daniel Miller (Oxford, 1993). For changing Christmas traditions in nineteenth century Germany, see Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, 112-113; Angela Meinel, Kinderleben und Kinderkultur in Sachsen, Versuch eines Uberblicks (Dresden, 1998) p. 87; Barbara Beuys, Familienleben in Deutschland. Neuer Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit (Reinbeck bei Hamburg, 1980), pp. 443-444; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
44. On the transformation of Christmas in the United States, see Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas. In the United States and Great Britain, see J. M. Golby and A. W. Purdue, The Making of Modern Christmas (Athens, GA 1986); and the essays by Daniel Miller and James Carrier in Unwapping Christmas, ed. Daniel Miller (Oxford, 1993). For changing Christmas traditions in nineteenth century Germany, see Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, 112-113; Angela Meinel, Kinderleben und Kinderkultur in Sachsen, Versuch eines Uberblicks (Dresden, 1998) p. 87; Barbara Beuys, Familienleben in Deutschland. Neuer Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit (Reinbeck bei Hamburg, 1980), pp. 443-444; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
45. On the transformation of Christmas in the United States, see Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas. In the United States and Great Britain, see J. M. Golby and A. W. Purdue, The Making of Modern Christmas (Athens, GA 1986); and the essays by Daniel Miller and James Carrier in Unwapping Christmas, ed. Daniel Miller (Oxford, 1993). For changing Christmas traditions in nineteenth century Germany, see Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, 112-113; Angela Meinel, Kinderleben und Kinderkultur in Sachsen, Versuch eines Uberblicks (Dresden, 1998) p. 87; Barbara Beuys, Familienleben in Deutschland. Neuer Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit (Reinbeck bei Hamburg, 1980), pp. 443-444; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 85.
46. Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, pp. 112-113; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 86.
47. Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, pp. 112-113; Budde, Auf dem Weg, p. 86.
48. Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, p. 113; see also Miller, Daniel, "A Theory of Christmas," Unwrapping Christmas, pp. 19-20; James Carrier, "The Rituals of Christmas Giving," Unwrapping Christmas, pp. 55-56; Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas, pp. 132, 172-175.
49. Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, p. 113; see also Miller, Daniel, "A Theory of Christmas," Unwrapping Christmas, pp. 19-20; James Carrier, "The Rituals of Christmas Giving," Unwrapping Christmas, pp. 55-56; Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas, pp. 132, 172-175.
50. Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, p. 113; see also Miller, Daniel, "A Theory of Christmas," Unwrapping Christmas, pp. 19-20; James Carrier, "The Rituals of Christmas Giving," Unwrapping Christmas, pp. 55-56; Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas, pp. 132, 172-175.
51. Weber-Kellermann, Die deutsche Familie, p. 113; see also Miller, Daniel, "A Theory of Christmas," Unwrapping Christmas, pp. 19-20; James Carrier, "The Rituals of Christmas Giving," Unwrapping Christmas, pp. 55-56; Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas, pp. 132, 172-175.
52. Hans Fallada, Damals bei uns Daheim. Erlebtes, Erfahrenes und Erfundenes (Stuttgart, 1958), p. 165.
53. Mauss, Marcel. The Gift, quoted in Carrier, "The Rituals of Christmas," Unwrapping Christmas, p. 56. Carrier also acutely analyzes the problem of giving impersonal commodities as gifts.
54. Mauss, Marcel. The Gift, quoted in Carrier, "The Rituals of Christmas," Unwrapping Christmas, p. 56. Carrier also acutely analyzes the problem of giving impersonal commodities as gifts.
55. Jean Baudrillard, The System of Objects (New York, 1996); Jean Baudrillard, For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign (St. Louis, 1981).
56. Jean Baudrillard, The System of Objects (New York, 1996); Jean Baudrillard, For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign (St. Louis, 1981).
57. Nissenbaum, The Battle for Christmas, pp. 132-133.
58. The relation between consumerism and love is best explored in Daniel Miller, A Theory of Shopping (Ithaca, 1998). The link between consumption and desire is one of the most common tropes and theses of western literature and scholarship for centuries. See for example, Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds. Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth-Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism. Classic formulations from time time period investigated in this project include Emile Zola, The Ladies Paradise (Berkeley/Los Angelas, 1992); and Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1967).
59. The relation between consumerism and love is best explored in Daniel Miller, A Theory of Shopping (Ithaca, 1998). The link between consumption and desire is one of the most common tropes and theses of western literature and scholarship for centuries. See for example, Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds. Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth-Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism. Classic formulations from time time period investigated in this project include Emile Zola, The Ladies Paradise (Berkeley/Los Angelas, 1992); and Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1967).
60. The relation between consumerism and love is best explored in Daniel Miller, A Theory of Shopping (Ithaca, 1998). The link between consumption and desire is one of the most common tropes and theses of western literature and scholarship for centuries. See for example, Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds. Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth-Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism. Classic formulations from time time period investigated in this project include Emile Zola, The Ladies Paradise (Berkeley/Los Angelas, 1992); and Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1967).
61. The relation between consumerism and love is best explored in Daniel Miller, A Theory of Shopping (Ithaca, 1998). The link between consumption and desire is one of the most common tropes and theses of western literature and scholarship for centuries. See for example, Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds. Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth-Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism. Classic formulations from time time period investigated in this project include Emile Zola, The Ladies Paradise (Berkeley/Los Angelas, 1992); and Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1967).
62. The relation between consumerism and love is best explored in Daniel Miller, A Theory of Shopping (Ithaca, 1998). The link between consumption and desire is one of the most common tropes and theses of western literature and scholarship for centuries. See for example, Rosalind H. Williams, Dream Worlds. Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth-Century France (Berkeley, 1982); Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Capitalism. Classic formulations from time time period investigated in this project include Emile Zola, The Ladies Paradise (Berkeley/Los Angelas, 1992); and Werner Sombart, Luxury and Capitalism (Ann Arbor, 1967).
63. "Der Tag der Erwartung," Berliner Tageblatt, 23 Dec. 1900, 1. Beilage, 1.
64. "In der Bescheerungsfrage," Berliner Tageblatt, 16 Dec. 1900, 1. Beilage, 1.
65. "Weihnachtsfreuden," Daheim, 22 Dec. 1889, 1. Beilage, 1. With its typical petty jingoism, Daheim managed to cast doubt on the familial and religious devotion of all other Europeans, while insisting that only Germany celebrated Christmas properly.
66. Härtel, Paul, "Am heiligen Abend," Die Gartenlaube, 1899, 821.
67. Raimond, "Der Wunschzettel," Daheim, 14 Dec. 1912, 29.
68. Fallada, Damals, p. 164.