The debate over Hindutva

Religion

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 129-135

  Juergensmeyer, Mark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 30244500129     PISSN: 0048721X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/reli.1996.0010     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. James G. Lochtefeld, 'New Wine, Old Skins: The Sangh Parivār and the Transformation of Hinduism', and Brian Smith, 'Re-Envisioning Hinduism and Evaluating the Hindutva Movement', both in this issue; see also Smith's Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989; Peter van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994; Daniel Gold, 'Organized Hinduism: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation', in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appelby, eds., Fundamentalisms Observed, vol. 1 of the Fundamentalism Project, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 531-593; Stanley Wolpert, 'Resurgent Hindu Fundamentalism', Contention, 2: Spring 1993; and Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, chapter 4. This article in a slightly different form also appears in Contention. My thanks to the editors of Contention and Religion for arranging for the dual publication of this essay.
2. James G. Lochtefeld, 'New Wine, Old Skins: The Sangh Parivār and the Transformation of Hinduism', and Brian Smith, 'Re-Envisioning Hinduism and Evaluating the Hindutva Movement', both in this issue; see also Smith's Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989; Peter van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994; Daniel Gold, 'Organized Hinduism: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation', in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appelby, eds., Fundamentalisms Observed, vol. 1 of the Fundamentalism Project, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 531-593; Stanley Wolpert, 'Resurgent Hindu Fundamentalism', Contention, 2: Spring 1993; and Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, chapter 4. This article in a slightly different form also appears in Contention. My thanks to the editors of Contention and Religion for arranging for the dual publication of this essay.
3. James G. Lochtefeld, 'New Wine, Old Skins: The Sangh Parivār and the Transformation of Hinduism', and Brian Smith, 'Re-Envisioning Hinduism and Evaluating the Hindutva Movement', both in this issue; see also Smith's Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989; Peter van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994; Daniel Gold, 'Organized Hinduism: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation', in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appelby, eds., Fundamentalisms Observed, vol. 1 of the Fundamentalism Project, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 531-593; Stanley Wolpert, 'Resurgent Hindu Fundamentalism', Contention, 2: Spring 1993; and Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, chapter 4. This article in a slightly different form also appears in Contention. My thanks to the editors of Contention and Religion for arranging for the dual publication of this essay.
4. James G. Lochtefeld, 'New Wine, Old Skins: The Sangh Parivār and the Transformation of Hinduism', and Brian Smith, 'Re-Envisioning Hinduism and Evaluating the Hindutva Movement', both in this issue; see also Smith's Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989; Peter van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994; Daniel Gold, 'Organized Hinduism: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation', in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appelby, eds., Fundamentalisms Observed, vol. 1 of the Fundamentalism Project, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 531-593; Stanley Wolpert, 'Resurgent Hindu Fundamentalism', Contention, 2: Spring 1993; and Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, chapter 4. This article in a slightly different form also appears in Contention. My thanks to the editors of Contention and Religion for arranging for the dual publication of this essay.
5. James G. Lochtefeld, 'New Wine, Old Skins: The Sangh Parivār and the Transformation of Hinduism', and Brian Smith, 'Re-Envisioning Hinduism and Evaluating the Hindutva Movement', both in this issue; see also Smith's Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989; Peter van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994; Daniel Gold, 'Organized Hinduism: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation', in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appelby, eds., Fundamentalisms Observed, vol. 1 of the Fundamentalism Project, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 531-593; Stanley Wolpert, 'Resurgent Hindu Fundamentalism', Contention, 2: Spring 1993; and Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, chapter 4. This article in a slightly different form also appears in Contention. My thanks to the editors of Contention and Religion for arranging for the dual publication of this essay.
6. James G. Lochtefeld, 'New Wine, Old Skins: The Sangh Parivār and the Transformation of Hinduism', and Brian Smith, 'Re-Envisioning Hinduism and Evaluating the Hindutva Movement', both in this issue; see also Smith's Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989; Peter van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994; Daniel Gold, 'Organized Hinduism: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation', in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appelby, eds., Fundamentalisms Observed, vol. 1 of the Fundamentalism Project, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 531-593; Stanley Wolpert, 'Resurgent Hindu Fundamentalism', Contention, 2: Spring 1993; and Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, chapter 4. This article in a slightly different form also appears in Contention. My thanks to the editors of Contention and Religion for arranging for the dual publication of this essay.
7. James G. Lochtefeld, 'New Wine, Old Skins: The Sangh Parivār and the Transformation of Hinduism', and Brian Smith, 'Re-Envisioning Hinduism and Evaluating the Hindutva Movement', both in this issue; see also Smith's Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989; Peter van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994; Daniel Gold, 'Organized Hinduism: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation', in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appelby, eds., Fundamentalisms Observed, vol. 1 of the Fundamentalism Project, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 531-593; Stanley Wolpert, 'Resurgent Hindu Fundamentalism', Contention, 2: Spring 1993; and Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, chapter 4. This article in a slightly different form also appears in Contention. My thanks to the editors of Contention and Religion for arranging for the dual publication of this essay.
8. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
9. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
10. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
11. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
12. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
13. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
14. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
15. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
16. Tapan Raychaudhuri, 'Shadows of the Swastika: Historical Reflections on the Politics of Hindu Communalism', and Vinay Lal, 'Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited', both in Contention, 5: Fall 1995; Ashis Nandy, The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983, and 'The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance', in Veena Das, ed., Mirrors of Violence, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990, 69-93; T. N. Madan, Non-Renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, 'Secularism in its Place', Journal of Asian Studies, 46: Fall, 1987, 747-759, and 'Whither Indian Secularism?' Modern Asian Studies, 27: 1993, 667-697; and Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: a Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, and The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
17. Edward A. Gargan, 'Savage Intolerance: Fundamentalism in South Asia Isn't All Islam', New York Times, 13 December 1992, sec. 4, p. 1.
18. Wolpert, Resurgent Hindu Fundamentalism, p. 9.
19. Gold, Organized Hinduisms, p. 533.
20. Marty and Appelby, Fundamentalism Observed, p. ix.
21. Raychaudhuri, Shadows of the Swastika, passim.
22. Ashis Nandy, 'In the Name of God', Sunday Observer, (Delhi) December 1992, pp. 6-12.
23. Lal, 'Hindu "Fundamentalism" Revisited', pp. 1-2 [ms.].
24. Smith, 'Re-envisioning Hinduism', p. 16 [ms.].
25. Jay M. Harris, ' "Fundamentalism": Objections from a Modern Jewish Historian', in J. S. Hawley, ed., Fundamentalism and Gender New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 138-9.
26. Gold, Organized Hinduisms, p. 580.
27. Lal, Hindu 'Fundamentalism' Revisited, p. 4 [ms.]
28. See my article, 'Why Religious Nationalists are not Fundamentalists', Religion 23 (1993) pp. 85-92.
29. Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War?, passim.
30. Raychaudhuri, Shadows of the Swastika, pp. 31-32 [ms.]. The other culprit Raychaudhuri identifies as having goaded contemporary communal passions is 'Mrs Gandhi's now notorious policy of playing the Hindu card' (p. 32 [ms.]).
31. Raychaudhuri, Shadows of the Swastika, pp. 31-32 [ms.]. The other culprit Raychaudhuri identifies as having goaded contemporary communal passions is 'Mrs Gandhi's now notorious policy of playing the Hindu card' (p. 32 [ms.]).
32. Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World (the term is in the subtitle); and Nandy. The Intimate Enemy, pp. 2, 63.
33. Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World (the term is in the subtitle); and Nandy. The Intimate Enemy, pp. 2, 63.
34. Van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, pp. 193-202.
35. Ibid., p. 201.
36. Ibid., p. 202.
37. Van der Veer, Religious Nationalism, p. xv.
38. Harold A. Gould, 'Fascism Wrapped in Saffron Robe', Times of India, 1 July, 1993, p. 3.
39. Smith, 'Re-envisioning Hinduism', Religion, p. 2 [ms.].
40. Ibid.
41. Paul Johnson, 'Our God Can Lick Your God', New York Times Book Review, 9 May 1993, p. 7; and Herbert Mitgang, 'Islam, Fundamentalism and the West', New York Times, 11 August 1993, p. B3.
42. Paul Johnson, 'Our God Can Lick Your God', New York Times Book Review, 9 May 1993, p. 7; and Herbert Mitgang, 'Islam, Fundamentalism and the West', New York Times, 11 August 1993, p. B3.
43. Mitgang, 'Islam, Fundamentalism', p. B3.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid., p. 10 [ms.].
46. Ashis Nandy, 'Hinduism versus Hindutva: The Inevitability of a Confrontation', Times of India, 18 February 1991.
47. Madan, Whither Indian Secularism? p. 696.
48. Chatterjee, The Nation and Its Fragments, p. 6.
49. Sudhir Kakar, 'The New Hindu Identity: A Profile', Electronic Newsstand, an on-line news service, 1994.
50. Madan, Whither Indian Secularism? p. 696.
51. Ibid.
52. L. A. Babb, Redemptive Encounters: Three Styles in the Hindu Tradition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
53. Ainslie T. Embree, Utopias in Conflict: Religion and Nationalism in Modern India (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 132.