Vegetation management improves early growth of white spruce more than mechanical site preparation treatments

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 35-46

  Macadam, Anne ^a   Kabzems, Richard ^b  

^a Boreal Research and Development Ltd   (Canada)

^b RESEARCH BRANCH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Mechanical site preparation; Site preparation; Soil chemical properties; Soil physical properties; White spruce

Indexed keywords

CARBON; MIXING; NITROGEN; SITE SELECTION; SOIL MECHANICS; VEGETATION;

MECHANICAL SITE PREPARATIONS; SITE PREPARATIONS; SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; WHITE SPRUCE;

FORESTRY;

CARBON; FORESTRY; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; PLANTS; PRIVATE OWNERSHIP; PROCESSING; SITE SURVEY; SOIL MECHANICS;

CONIFEROPHYTA; INGA; PICEA GLAUCA;

EID: 29844446726     PISSN: 07426348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/njaf/23.1.35     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. ARCHIBOLD, O.W., C. ACTON, AND E.A. RIPLEY. 2000. Effect of site preparation on soil properties and vegetation cover, and the growth and survival of white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings in Saskatchewan. For. Ecol. Manage. 131:127-141.
2. BALLARD, T.M., AND R.E. CARTER. 1986. Evaluating forest stand nutrient status. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. Land Manage. Rep. 29. 60 p.
3. BALLARD, T.M., AND B.C. HAWKES. 1989. Effects of burning and mechanical site preparation on growth and nutrition of planted white spruce. Can. For. Serv. Pac. For. Cent. Inf. Rep. BCX- 309. 19 p.
4. B.C. MINISTRY OF FORESTS. 1997. Annual report 1995/96. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria.
5. BEDFORD, L., AND A. MACKINNON. 1996. Mechanical site preparation for vegetation management in northeastern British Columbia. P. 35-42 in Integrated forest vegetation management: Options and applications. P.G. Comeau, G.J. Harper, M.E. Blache, J.O. Boateng, and L.A. Gilkeson (eds.). For. Can. and B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. FRDA Rep. No. 251.
6. BEDFORD, L., AND R.G. MCMINN. 1990. Trials to appraise the biological effectiveness of mechanical site preparation equipment in British Columbia: FRDA Project No. 1.10. P. 3-12 in The silvics and ecology of boreal spruces. B.D. Titus, M.B. Lavigne, P.O. Newton, and W.J. Meades (eds.). Can. For. Serv. Nfld. For. Cent. Inf. Rep. No. N-X-217.
7. BEDFORD, L., AND R.F. SUTTON. 2000. Site preparation for establishing lodgepole pine in the Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone of interior British Columbia: The Bednesti trial, 10-year results. For. Ecol. Manage. 126:227-238.
8. BEDFORD, L., R.F. SUTTON, L. STORDEUR, AND M. GRISMER. 2000. Establishing white spruce in the Boreal White and Black Spruce Zone. New Forests. 20:213-233.
9. BLACK, C.A. (ed.) 1965. Methods of soil analysis. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI. Agronomy Series No. 9.
10. BLEW, R.D., D.R. IREDALE, AND D. PARKINSON. 1993. Throughfall nitrogen in a white spruce forest in southwest Alberta, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 23:2389-2394.
11. BRADY, N.C. 1974. The nature and properties of soils, 8th Ed. Macmillan, New York, NY.
12. BRAIS, S. 2001. Persistence of soil compaction and effects on seedling growth in northwestern Quebec. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65:1263-1271.
13. BULMER, C., M.G. SCHMIDT, B. KISHCHUK, AND C. PRESTON. 1998. Impacts of blading and burning site preparation on soil properties and site productivity in the Sub-boreal Spruce Zone of central British Columbia. Can. For. Serv. Pac. For. Cent. Inf. Rep. BCX- 377. 33 p.
14. CARTER, M.R. (ed.) 1993. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science, Lewis Publishers. 823 p.
15. CURRAN, M., B. FRASER, L. BEDFORD, M. OSBERG, AND B. MITCHELL. 1993. Site preparation strategies to manage soil disturbance - interior sites. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. Field Guide Insert No. 2. 28 p.
16. DADDOW, R.L., AND G.E. WARRINGTON. 1983. The influence of soil texture on growth-limiting soil bulk densities. Proc. Soc. Am. Foresters, Portland, OR.
17. DELONG, C., A. MACKINNON, AND L. JANG. 1990. A field guide for identification and interpretation of ecosystems of the northeast portion of the Prince George Forest Region. B.C. Ministry of Forests Land Manage. Handb. No. 22. Victoria, B.C. 108 p.
18. FOREST PRACTICES BRANCH 2003. Inga Lake Site: Testing the biological effectiveness of mechanical site preparation equipment. Unpublished tour guide. B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. 71 p.
19. GAINES, T.P., AND G.A. MITCHELL. 1979. Boron determination in plant tissues by the azomethine H method. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 10:1099-1108.
20. GORDON, A.G. 1983. Nutrient cycling dynamics in differing spruce and mixedwood ecosystems in Ontario and the effects of nutrient removals through harvesting. P. 97-118 in Resources and dynamics of the boreal zone. Proc. Conf., Aug. 1982, Thunder Bay, Ontario. R.W. Wein, R.R. Riewe, and I.R. Methven, (eds.). Assoc. Can. Univ. North. Stud., Ottawa, Ontario.
21. GREACEN, E.L., AND R. SANDS. 1980. Compaction of forest soils - A review. Aust. J. Soil Res. 18:163-189.
22. HAEUSSLER, S., L. BEDFORD, J.O. BOATENG, AND A. MACKINNON. 1999. Plant community responses to mechanical site preparation in northern interior British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 29:1084-1100.
23. HAEUSSLER, S., D. COATES, AND J. MATHER. 1990. Autecology of common plants in British Columbia: A literature review. For. Can. and B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. FRDA Rep. 158. 272 p.
24. HAEUSSLER, S., AND D. KNEESHAW. 2003. Comparing forest management to natural processes. P. 307-368 in Towards sustainable management of the boreal forest. P.J. Burton, C. Messier, D.W. Smith, and W.L. Adamowicz (eds.). Nat. Res. Council Res. Press, Ottawa, Ont.
25. HORNECK, D. A., AND R.O. MILLER. 1998. Determination of total nitrogen in plant tissue. P. 75-83 in Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis. Y.P. Kalra (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
26. KABZEMS, R. D., AND J.D. LOUSIER. 1992. Regeneration, growth and development of Picea glauca under Populus spp. canopy in the Boreal White and Black Spruce zone. For. Can. and B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. FRDA Rep. No. 176. 35 p.
27. KALRA, Y.P. 1998. Wet ashing. P. 44-46 in Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis. Y.P. Kalra (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
28. KRIZC, M., R.F. NEWMAN, AND K. BROERSMA. 2003. Plant species diversity and soil quality in harvested and grazed boreal aspen stands in northeastern British Columbia. For. Ecol. Manage. 182:315-325.
29. LANDSBERG, J.D., R.E. MILLER, H.W. ANDERSON, AND J.S. TEPP. 2003. Bulk density and soil resistance to penetration as affected by commercial thinning in northeastern Washington. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-551. 35 p.
30. LISTER, T.W., J.A. BURGER, AND S.C. PATTERSON. 2004. Role of vegetation in mitigating soil quality impacted by forest harvesting. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:263-271.
31. LOUSIER, J.D. 1990. Impacts of forest harvesting and regeneration on forest sites. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C., Land Manage. Rep. 67. 92 p.
32. MACDONALD, S.E., M.G. SCHMIDT, AND R.L. ROTHWELL. 1998. Impacts of mechanical site preparation on foliar nutrients of planted white spruce seedlings on mixed-wood boreal forest sites in Alberta. For. Ecol. Manage. 110:35-48.
33. MCLEAN, E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. P. 199-224 in Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, 2nd Ed. Agronomy Monograph 9. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney, (eds). ASA-SSA, Madison, WI.
34. MCKEAGUE, J.A. (ed.) 1978. Manual on soil sampling and methods of analysis, 2nd Ed. Can. Soil Sci. Soc. 212 p.
35. MATTSSON, S., AND U. BERGSTEN. 2003. Pinus contorta growth in northern Sweden as affected by soil scarification. New Forests. 26:217-231.
36. MILLER, R.E., J. HAZARD, AND S. HOWES. 2001. Precision, accuracy, and efficiency of four tools for measuring soil bulk density or strength. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Res. Pap. PNWRP-532, Portland, OR. 16 p. Available at http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/ pubs/rp532.pdf.
37. MUNSON, A.D., H.A. MARGOLIS, AND D.G. BRAND. 1993. Intensive silvicultural treatment: impacts on soil fertility and planted conifer response. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:246-255.
38. ORLANDER, G., G. EGNELL, AND A. ALBREKTSON. 1996. Long-term effects of site preparation on growth of Scots pine. For. Ecol. Manage. 86:27-37.
39. ORLANDER, G., P. GEMMEL, AND J. HUNT. 1990. Site preparation: a Swedish overview. For. Can. and B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. FRDA Rep. 105. 61 p.
40. PARKINSON, J.A., AND S.E. ALLEN. 1975. A wet oxidation procedure for the determination of nitrogen and mineral nutrients in biological material. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6:1-11.
41. RUSSELL, E.W. 1973. Soil conditions and plant growth, 10th Ed. Longman, London, U.K.
42. SANBORN, P., C. PRESTON, AND R. BROCKLEY. 2002. N2-fixation by Sitka alder in a young lodgepole pine stand in central interior British Columbia, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 167:223-231.
43. SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1988. SAS/STAT User's guide, Release 6.03 Ed., SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 1028 p.
44. SOIL CLASSIFICATION WORKING GROUP. 1998. The Canadian system of soil classification. Agric. and Agri-Food Can. Publ. 1646. 187 p.
45. STONE, D.M., AND J.D. ELIOFF. 1998. Soil properties and aspen development five years after compaction and forest floor removal. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78:51-58.
46. WAGNER, R.G., G.H. MOHAMMED, AND T.L. NOLAND. 1999. Critical period of interspecific competition for northern conifers associated with herbaceous vegetation. Can. J. For. Res. 29:890-897.
47. WARING, S.A., AND J.M. BREMNER. 1964. Ammonium production in soil under waterlogged conditions as an index of nitrogen availability. Nature. 201:951-952.