The effect of sodium on the carbon lining of the aluminum electrolysis cell -A review

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 265-280

  Brisson, P Y ^a   Soucy, G ^a   Fafard, M ^b   Dionne, M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

^c Quebec Metal Powders Ltd   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; CARBON; ELECTROLYSIS; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS;

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS CELLS; CARBON LINING; CELL FAILURE; SODIUM PENETRATION;

SODIUM;

EID: 29744466070     PISSN: 00084433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/cmq.2005.44.2.265     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. nd Edition, Aluminium-Verlag GMBH, Düsseldorf, P. 406.
2. M.B. Dell, Extractive Metallurgy of Aluminium, 1963, pp. 403-415.
3. M.B. Dell, Journal of Metals, 1967, vol 19(3), pp. 14-17.
4. M.B. Dell, Journal of Metals, 1971, vol. 23(6), pp. 18-20.
5. E.W. Dewing, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 1963, vol. 227(12), pp. 1328-1334.
6. M.B. Rapoport and V.N. Samoilenko, Tsvtnye Metalli, 1957, vol. 30(2), pp. 44-51.
7. J. Waddington, Extractive Metallurgy of Aluminium, 1963, pp. 435-542.
8. J. Waddington, Journal of Metals, 1969, vol. 21(9), pp. 27-31.
9. T. Watanabe, H. Hayashi and F. Mochizuki, Journal of Metals, 1968, vol. 20(7), pp. 64-65.
10. B. Panebianco and R. Bacchiega, La Metallurgia Italiana, 1960, vol. 52(8), pp. 539-546.
11. rd edition, Aluminium-Verlag GMBH, Düsseldorf, Germany, p. 359.
12. nd Edition, Aluminium-Verlag GMBH, Düsseldorf, Germany, p. 350.
13. H.A. Øye, N. Mason, R.D. Peterson, N.B. Richards, F.J. Stevens, R.D. Zabreznik, P.S. Williams, and R.B. Wagstaff, JOM, 1999, vol. 51(2), pp. 29-42.
14. B.W. Dewing, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 1974, vol. 13(4), pp. 607-618.
15. E.W. Dewing, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1990, vol. 21B(2), pp. 285-294.
16. J. Thonstad and S. Rolseth, Electrochimica Acta, 1978, vol. 23(3), pp. 233-241.
17. A.T. Tabereaux, The International Harald A. Øye Symposium, 1995, pp. 115-128.
18. V. Danielik and P. Felnner, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 1998, vol. 28(11), pp. 1265-1268.
19. P. Felnner, V. Danielik and J. Thonstad, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2000, vol. 30(8), pp. 925-928.
20. C.L. Mantel, Carbon and Graphite Handbook Edition, 1979, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, Huntington, NY.
21. nd Edition, Aluminium-Verlag GMBH, Dusseldorf, p. 146.
22. International Committee for Characterization and Terminology of Carbon, Carbon, 1982, vol. 20(5), pp. 445-449.
23. C. Blanche, D. Dumas and J.-N. Rouzaud, Coal Science, 1995, vol. 1, pp. 43-46.
24. A. Oberlin and G. Terriere, Carbon, 1975, vol. 13(5), pp. 367-376.
25. J.G. Hop, Sodium Expansion and Creep of Cathode Carbon Edition, 2003, Ph.D. Thesis, Trondheim Institute of Technology, p. 176.
26. M.M. Doeff, Y. Ma, S.J. Visco and L.C. De Jonghe, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1993, vol. 140(12), pp. L169-L170.
27. L. Joncourt, M. Mermoux, Ph. Touzain, L. Bonnetain, D. Dumas and B. Allard, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1996, vol. 57(6-8), pp. 877-882.
28. P. Thomas and D. Billaud, Electrochimica Acta, 2000, vol. 46(1), pp. 39-47.
29. P. Thomas and D. Billaud, Electrochimica Acta, 2001, vol. 46(22), pp. 3359-3366.
30. Y. Mikhalev and H.A. Øye, Carbon, 1996, vol. 34(1), pp. 37-41.
31. H.A. Øye, J. Thonstad, K. Dahlqvist, S. Handå and V. de Nore, ALUMINIUM, 1996, vol. 72(12), pp. 918-924.
32. C. Krohn, M. Sørlie and H.A. Øye, 1982, Light Metals, pp. 311-324.
33. F. Naixiang, H Kvande and H.A. Øye, ALUMINIUM, 1997, vol. 73(4), pp. 265-270.
34. G.J. Houston, B.J. Welch and D.J. Young, Light Metals, 1981, pp. 529-540.
35. M.M. Hyland, J.B. Metson, S.B. Tricklbank, M.R. Utley and B.J. Welch, CHEMECA '90, 1991, pp. 17-23.
36. B.J. Welch, M.M. Hyland, M. Utley, S.B. Tricklbank and J.B. Metson, Light Metals, 1991, pp. 727-733.
37. D.R. Poirier and G.H. Geiger, Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing Edition, 1994, TMS Publication, Warrendale, PA, U.S.A., p. 658.
38. Y. Sun, Q. Wang, K. Rye, M. Sørlie and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 2003, pp. 603-610.
39. A. Zolochevsky, J.G. Hop, G. Servant, T. Foosnaes and H.A. Øye, Carbon, 2003, vol. 41(3), pp. 497-505.
40. P. Brilloit, L.P. Lossius and H.A. Øye, Metallurgical Transactions B, 1993, vol. 24B(1), pp. 75-89.
41. P Desclaux, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001, vol. 32B(2), pp. 233-238.
42. S. Wilkening, 5th Proc. London Int. Carbon Graphite Conf., 1978, pp. 725-737.
43. H. Schreiner and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 1995, pp. 463-470.
44. M. Sørlie and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 1984, pp. 1059-1070.
45. M.S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus, Adv. Phys., 1981, vol. 30(2), pp. 139-326.
46. A.R. Ubbelhode and P.A. Lewis, Graphite and its Crystal Compounds Edition, 1960, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
47. H. Marsh, N. Murdie and A.S. Edwards, Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, 1987, pp. 213-272.
48. R.C. Asher and S.A. Wilson, Nature, 1958, vol. 181, pp. 409-410.
49. R.C. Asher, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1959, vol. 10, pp. 238-249.
50. D. Berger, B. Carton, A. Métrot and A. Hérold, Chemistrv and Physics of Carbon, 1975, pp. 1-37.
51. A. Métrot and A. Hérold, Journal de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique, 1969, (Volume Spécial), pp. 71-79.
52. A. Métrot, D. Guérard, D. Billaud and A. Hérold, Synthetic Metals, 1980, vol. 1(4), pp. 363-369.
53. W.C. Sleppy, Inorg.Chem., 1966, vol. 5(11), pp. 2021-2023.
54. C. Sechet, D. Sarmeo, M. Mermoux, Ph. Touzain, L. Bonnetain, D. Dumas, B. Allard and R. Paulus, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1994, vol. 245, pp. 153-158.
55. I.T. Belash, A.D. Bronnikov, O.V. Zharikov and A.V. Palnichenko, Solid State Communications, 1987, vol. 64(12), pp. 1445-1447.
56. I.A. Udod, H.B. Orman and V.K. Genchel, Carbon, 1994, vol. 32(1), pp. 101-106.
57. th Proc. Conf. Carbon, 1959, pp. 165-168.
58. M. El Gadi, A. Hérold, C. Hérold, Ph. Lagrange, M. Lelaurain and J.-F. Marêché, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1994, vol. 244, pp. 29-34.
59. M. El Gadi, A. Hérold, C. Hérold, J.-F. Marêché and P. Lagrange, Journal of the Solid State Chemistry, 1997, vol. 131, pp. 282-289.
60. H. Estrade-Swarckopf, B. Rousseau, C. Hérold and P. Lagrange, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1998, vol. 310, pp. 231-236.
61. D. Guerard, N. E. Elalem, S. El Hadigui, L. Ansari, P. Lagrange, F. Rousseaux, H. Estrade-Swarckopf, J. Conard and P. Lauginie, Journal of the Less-Common Metals, 1987, vol. 131, pp. 173-180.
62. K. Miyake, Y. Aiso, M. Komiyama and H. Shigekawa, Scanning Microscopy, 1994, vol. 8(3), pp. 459-462.
63. H. Ogata, S. Miyajima, K. Matsutsuji and T. Enoki, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1996, vol. 57(6-8), pp. 703-706.
64. L. Edman, A. Hérold, P. Jacobsson, M. Lelaurain, E. McRae and B. Sundqvist, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 1999, vol. 60(4), pp. 475-482.
65. A. Hérold, M. Lelaurain, J.-F. Marêché and E. McRae, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1995, vol. 321(2b), pp. 61-67.
66. A. Hérold, J.-F. Marêché and M. Lelaurain, Carbon, 2000, vol. 38(14), pp. 1955-1963.
67. rd Conf. Ind. Carbons Graphite, 1970, pp. 62-67.
68. J.J. Vadla, H.C. Quandt and D.J. Rich, Metallwissenschaft und Technik, 1980, vol. 34(12), pp. 1102-1105.
69. M. Sørlie and H.A. Øye, Metallwissenschaft und Technik, 1984, vol. 38(2), pp. 109-115.
70. M. Sørlie and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 1989, pp. 625-631.
71. G.J. Houston, B.J. Welch and D.J. Young, Eighth Australian Chemical Engineering Conference, 1980, pp. 124-129.
72. O. Tanaike and M. Inagaki, Carbon, 1999, vol. 37(11), pp. 1759-1769.
73. J.M. Peyneau, J.R. Gaspard, D. Dumas and B. Samanos, Light Metals, 1992, pp. 801-808.
74. D. Belitskus, Metallurgical Transactions B, 1977, vol. 8B(4), pp. 591-596.
75. X. Liao and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 1998, pp. 659-666.
76. T. Naas and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 1999, pp. 193-198.
77. X. Liao. T. Naas and H. A. Øye, Aluminium, 1997, vol. 73(7/8), pp. 528-531.
78. I.F. Guilliat and H.W. Chandler, Light Metals, 1977, pp. 437-451.
79. E.W. Dewing, Light Metals, 1974, pp. 879-887.
80. A. Zolochevsky, J.G. Hop, G. Servant, T. Foosnaes and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 2003, pp. 595-602.
81. J.G. Hop and H.A. Øye, The International Jomar Thonstad Svmposium, 2002.
82. J.G. Hop and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 2001, pp. 717-722.
83. G. D'Amours, M. Fafard, A. Gakwaya and A.A. Mirchi, Light Metals, 2003.
84. B. Allard, D. Dumas, F. Durand, G. Fantozzi and D. Rouby, Light Metals, 1995, pp. 783-790.
85. B. Allard, J.-M. Dreyfus and M. Lenclud, Light Metals, 2000, pp. 515-521.
86. M. Sørlie, H. Gran and H.A. Øye, 1995, Light Metals, pp. 497-506.
87. D. Belitskus, Metallurgical Transactions B, 1976, vol. 7B(4), pp. 543-549.
88. W. Haupin, Light Metals, 1975, pp. 339-349.
89. C.J. Michel, Light Metals, 1985, pp. 989-1003.
90. S.M. El Raghi, M.O. Ibrahiem, F.M. Ahmed and H.A. Ahmed, Light Metals, 2003, pp. 627-631.
91. J.-M. Dreyfus, B. Allard and M. Lenclud, Light Metals, 1999, pp. 151-164.
92. N. Akuzawa, R. Nakajima, M. Yamashita, M. Tokuda, Ch. Ozaki, K. Ohkura and Y. Soneda, Light Metals, 2003, pp. 611-616.
93. D. Lombard, T. Béhérégaray, B. Fève and J. M. Molas, Light Metals, 1998, pp. 653-658.
94. H Kvande, Q. Zhuxian, Y. Kwantsung and K. Grjotheim, Light Metals, 1989, pp. 161-167.
95. R. Shamsili and H.A. Øye, Light Metals, 1994, pp. 731-738.
96. M. Sørlie and H.A. Øye, Metallwissenschaft und Technik, 1982, vol. 36(6), pp. 635-642.