Vegetation recovery in rural kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides) forest fragments in the Waikato region, New Zealand, following retirement from grazing

New Zealand Journal of Ecology

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 261-269

  Smale, Mark C ^a   Ross, Craig W ^b   Arnold, Gregory C ^b  

^a LANDCARE RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

^b LANDCARE RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Chronosequence; Fragmentation; Grazing

Indexed keywords

FOREST ECOSYSTEM; FOREST EDGE; FRAGMENTATION; GRAZING; RECOVERY;

AUSTRALASIA; NEW ZEALAND; NORTH ISLAND; WAIKATO;

ALECTRYON EXCELSUS; DACRYCARPUS DACRYDIOIDES; LAURELIA; MELICYTUS RAMIFLORUS; MYRSINE AUSTRALIS; SOLANUM; SOLANUM PSEUDOCAPSICUM;

EID: 29744445520     PISSN: 01106465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand. Vol. 1. Government Printer, Wellington. 1985 pp.
2. Burns, B.R.; Barker, G.M.; Harris, R.; Innes, J.G. 2000. Conifers and cows: forest survival in a New Zealand dairy landscape. Pp 81-89. In: Craig, J.L.; Mitchell, N.D.; Saunders, D.A. (Editors): Nature conservation 5: Conservation in production environments. Managing the matrix. Surrey Beatty and Sons. Chipping Norton, Australia. 712 pp.
3. Burrows, C.J. 1990. Processes of vegetation change. Unwin Hyman, London. 551 pp.
4. Clarkson, B.D.; Downs, T.M.; Merrett, M.F. 2002. Botany of the Waikato. Waikato Botanical Society, Hamilton. 136 pp.
5. Cowan, P.E. 1990. Brushtail possum In: King, C.M. (editor). The Handbook of New Zealand Mammals. Oxford Uuniversity Press, Auckland, New Zealand. 600 pp.
6. Enright, N.J.; Ogden, J. 1995. The southern conifers - a synthesis. In: Enright, N. J.; Hill, R. S. (Editors) Ecology of the southern conifers. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. 341 pp.
7. Esler, A.E. 1978. Botany of the Manawatu. DSIR Information Series 127. Government Printer, Wellington.
8. Esler, A.E. 1988. The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand. 6. Alien plants as weeds. New Zealand Journal of Botany 26: 585-618.
9. Fahrig, L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34: 487-515.
10. Hewitt, A.E. 1992. New Zealand soil classification. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln. 133 pp.
11. Kelly, D.; Skipworth, J.P. 1984. Tradescantia fluminensis in a Manawatu (New Zealand) forest. 1. Growth and effects on regeneration. New Zealand Journal of Botany 22: 393-398.
12. Knowles, F.B.; Beveridge, A.E. 1982. Biological flora of New Zealand 9. Beilschmiedia tawa (A. Cunn.) Benth. et Hook. f. ex Kirk (Lauraceae) Tawa. New Zealand Journal of Botany 20: 37-54.
13. Merriam, R.W., Feil, E. 2002. The potential impact of an introduced shrub on indigenous plant diversity and forest regeneration. Biological Invasions 4: 369-373.
14. New Zealand Meteorological Service 1985. Climatic map series 1:2 000 000. New Zealand Meteorological Service Miscellaneous Publication 175.
15. Ogden, J. 1983. The scientific reserves of Auckland University. II. Quantitative vegetation studies. Tane 29: 163-180.
16. Saunders, D.A.; Hobbs, R.J.; Margules, C.R. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conservation Biology 5: 18-32.
17. Smale, M.C. 1984. White Pine Bush-an alluvial kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides) forest remnant, eastern Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 22: 201-206.
18. Smale, M.C.; Gardner, R.O. 1999. Survival of Mount Eden Bush, an urban forest remnant in Auckland, New Zealand. Pacific Conservation Biology 5: 83-93.
19. Spooner, P.; Lunt, I.; Robinson, W. 2002. Is fencing enough? The short-term effects of stock exclusion in remnant grassy woodlands in southern NSW. Ecological Management and Restoration 3: 117-126.
20. Stevenson, B.A. 2004. Changes in phosphorus availability and nutrient status of indigenous fragments in pastoral New Zealand hill country. Plant and Soil 262: 317-325.
21. Timmins, P.A.; Williams, S.M. 1991. Weed numbers in New Zealand's forest and scrub reserves. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 15: 153-162.
22. Wardle, P. 1974. The kahikatea (Podocarpus dacrydioides) forest of South Westland. Proceedings of the New Zealand Journal of Ecology 21: 62-71.
23. Whaley, P.T.; Clarkson, B.D.; Smale, M.C. 1997. Claudelands Bush, Hamilton: the dynamics of an urban kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides) forest remnant. Tane 36: 131-155.