Fear-relevant selective associations and social anxiety: Absence of a positive bias

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 201-217

  Garner, Matthew ^a,b   Mogg, Karin ^a   Bradley, Brendan P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Covariation bias; Faces; On line bias; Social anxiety

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; EMOTION; EXPECTANCY; FACE; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MOST PROBABLE NUMBER; ONLINE ANALYSIS; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SOCIAL PHOBIA; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANXIETY; ASSOCIATION; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHOBIC DISORDERS; PSYCHOMETRICS; SHYNESS; SOCIAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 29744444903     PISSN: 00057967     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.007     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. L.B. Alloy, and L.Y. Abramson Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 108 1979 441 485
2. J.M. Amin, and P.F. Lovibond Dissociations between covariation bias and expectancy bias for fear-relevant stimuli Cognition & Emotion 11 1997 273 289
3. N. Amir, E.B. Foa, and M.E. Coles Negative interpretation bias in social phobia Behaviour Research and Therapy 36 1998 945 957
4. N. Amir, E.B. Foa, and M.E. Coles Automatic activation and strategic avoidance of threat-relevant information in social phobia Journal of Abnormal Psychology 107 1998 285 290
5. A.T. Beck Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders 1976 International Universities Press New York
6. B.E. Breck, and S.H. Smith Selective recall of self-descriptive traits by socially anxious and nonanxious females Social Behavior and Personality 11 1983 71 76
7. L.J. Chapman Illusory correlation in observational report Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour 6 1967 151 155
8. D.M. Clark, and F. McManus Information processing in social phobia Biological Psychiatry 51 2002 92 100
9. D.M. Clark, and A. Wells A cognitive model of social phobia R. Heimberg M. Liebowitz D.A. Hope F.R. Schneier Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment 1995 Guilford Press New York 69 93
10. P.J. de Jong, H. Merckelbach, and A. Arntz Covariation bias in phobic women - the relationship between a- priori expectancy, online expectancy, autonomic responding, and a-posteriori contingency judgment Journal of Abnormal Psychology 104 1995 55 62
11. P.J. de Jong, H. Merckelbach, A. Arntz, and H. Nijman Covariation detection in treated and untreated spider phobics Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101 1992 724 727
12. P.J. de Jong, H. Merckelbach, S. Bogels, and M. Kindt Illusory correlation and social anxiety Behaviour Research and Therapy 36 1998 1063 1073
13. P. Ekman, and W.V. Friesen Pictures of facial affect 1976 Consulting Psychologists Press Palo Alto, CA
14. M.W. Eysenck Anxiety and cognition: A unified theory 1997 Erlbaum Hove, England
15. E.B. Foa, M.E. Franklin, K.J. Perry, and J.D. Herbert Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia Journal of Abnormal Psychology 105 1996 433 439
16. E.B. Foa, and M.J. Kozak Emotional processing of fear - Exposure to corrective information Psychological Bulletin 99 1986 20 35
17. Garner, M. (2005). Cognitive Biases in Social Anxiety. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Southampton, UK.
18. N. Heinrichs, and S.G. Hofmann Information processing in social phobia: A critical review Clinical Psychology Review 21 2001 751 770
19. C. Hirsch, and A. Mathews Interpretative inferences when reading about emotional events Behaviour Research and Therapy 35 1997 1123 1132
20. C.R. Hirsch, and A. Mathews Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109 2000 705 712
21. Inquisit 1.33 [computer software]. (2002). Seattle, WA: Millisecond Software.
22. S.J. Kennedy, R.M. Rapee, and E.J. Mazurski Covariation bias for phylogenetic versus ontogenetic fear- relevant stimuli Behaviour Research and Therapy 35 1997 415 422
23. P.J. Lang, M.M. Bradley, and B.N. Cuthbert International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings 1995 The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL
24. L.G. Lundh, and L.G. Öst Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobics Behaviour Research and Therapy 34 1996 787 794
25. D.M. McNair, M. Lorr, and L.F. Droppleman Manual for the profile of mood states 1981 Educational and Industrial Testing Service San Diego, CA
26. W. Mansell, and D.M. Clark How do I appear to others? Social anxiety and processing of the observable self Behaviour Research and Therapy 37 1999 419 434
27. I.M. Marks, and A.M. Mathews Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients Behaviour Research & Therapy 17 1979 263 267
28. K. Mogg, and B.P. Bradley Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety Behaviour Research and Therapy 40 2002 1403 1414
29. A. Öhman, and S. Mineka Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning Psychological Review 108 2001 483 522
30. P. Pauli, P. Montoya, and G.E. Martz Covariation bias in panic-prone individuals Journal of Abnormal Psychology 105 1996 658 662
31. C.L.S. Pury, and S. Mineka Covariation bias for blood-injury stimuli and aversive outcomes Behaviour Research and Therapy 35 1997 35 47
32. R.M. Rapee, and R.G. Heimberg A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia Behaviour Research and Therapy 35 1997 741 756
33. C.D. Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, R. Lushene, P.R. Vagg, and G.A. Jacobs Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1983 Consulting Psychologists Press Palo Alto, CA
34. L. Stopa, and D.M. Clark Cognitive-processes in social phobia Behaviour Research and Therapy 31 1993 255 267
35. L. Stopa, and D.M. Clark Social phobia and interpretation of social events Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 2000 273 283
36. R. Strahan, and K.C. Gerbasi Short homogenous versions of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale Journal of Clinical Psychology 28 1972 191 193
37. A.J. Tomarken, M. Cook, and S. Mineka Fear-relevant selective associations and covariation bias Journal of Abnormal Psychology 98 1989 381 394
38. A.J. Tomarken, S.K. Sutton, and S. Mineka Fear-relevant illusory correlations: What types of associations promote judgmental bias Journal of Abnormal Psychology 104 1995 312 326
39. P. Trower, and P. Gilbert New theoretical conceptions of social anxiety and social phobia Clinical Psychology Review 9 1989 19 35
40. S.T. Wallace, and L.E. Alden Social phobia and positive social events: The price of success Journal of Abnormal Psychology 106 1997 416 424
41. D. Watson, and R. Friend Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 33 1969 448 457
42. A. Wells, and D.M. Clark Social phobia: A cognitive approach G.C.L. Davey Phobias - A handbook of description, treatment and theory 1997 Wiley Chichester, England 3 26
43. J.M.G. Williams, F.N. Watts, C. MacLeod, and A. Mathews Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders 2nd ed 1997 Wiley Chichester, England
44. E.C. Winton, D.M. Clark, and R.J. Edelmann Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and the detection of negative emotion in others Behaviour Research and Therapy 33 1995 193 196